Diploid vs. tetraploid Centaurium erythraea Rafn: A comparative study of regenerative in vitro potential and biosynthetic capacity (original) (raw)
Related papers
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis in Centaurium erythraea Rafn
Plants, 2021
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process during which plant somatic cells, under suitable conditions, produce embryogenic cells that develop into somatic embryos (se). SE is the most important method for plant propagation in vitro, having both fundamental and applicative significance. SE can be induced from different tissues and organs, but when se are used as explants, the process is recognized as secondary or cyclic SE. We induced secondary SE in Centaurium erythraea by application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU). A medium containing 0.1 mgL−1 2,4-D and 0.25 mgL−1 CPPU was optimal in terms of the number of primary SE explants forming se, the number of well-developed se per explant, and morphological appearance of the obtained se. These concentrations allowed SE to progress through three cycles, whereas at higher concentrations of 0.2 mgL−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgL−1 CPPU, only two cycles were achieved. Histological an...
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2000
Centaurium erythraea plants obtained by indirect organogenesis are described in the paper. The plants were initiated from a single adventitious shoot regenerated from callus derived from the cotyledon of a 30-day-old seedling. The shoot was multiplied on MS medium supplemented with IAA (0.1 mg·L -1 ) and BAP (1.0 mg·L -1 ). The multiplication rate (28 shoots per culture within 4 weeks) was highest at the first subculture and decreased in further subcultures. The shoots were rooted on MS medium. The effect of IBA (0.1 mg·L -1 ) on the number of shoots forming roots differed depending on the composition of the basal medium (MS). The rooted shoots were transplanted to soil and grown in a greenhouse with 90% effectiveness. RAPD analysis was done with adventitious shoots of C. erythraea from in vitro culture. In shoots and whole plants regenerated from the callus tissue, secoiridoid content was determined by the HPLC method. We showed significant differences in morphology (leaf size, fresh and dry weight and height of plants) and changes in the DNA profiles as compared to earlier reports for shoot tip-derived shoots and plants of C. erythraea, but the two groups of plants biosynthesized the same qualitative pattern and similar levels of secoiridoids, up to 150 mg·g -1 dry weight; the increased biomass of plants regenerated from callus tissue makes them a better source of secondary metabolites. K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Centaurium erythraea Rafn., somaclonal variation, shoot culture, secoiridoid glycosides, indirect organogenesis.
In vitro regeneration, flowering, and cell culture of Centaurea species
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
This study was conducted to establish a protocol for in vitro flowering of Centaurea cyanus and cell cultures of Centaurea montana. In four weeks, 50 to 60 adventitious shoots developed on leaf explants cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/L indole-3acetic acid (IAA). In vitro flowering and seed set occurred in C. cyanus when the shoots were incubated on MS basal medium supplemented with B5 vitamins, 100 mg/L myo-inositol and 30 g/L sucrose for 4 weeks under 16 h photoperiod. Young leaves of C. montana cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 to 6.0 mg/L 2, 4-dichloroxypenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/L BAP generated callus. Liquid MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D produced greater fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and packed cell volume (PCV) compared to MS medium with 1 mg/L 2, 4-D in a 30 day culture cycle. The results indicate that MS medium modified with appropriate phytohormones can be used to achieve efficient shoot regeneration and in vitro flowering of C. cyanus and cell cultures of C. montana.
Biologia Plantarum, 2003
Stable transformation and expression of transgenes was achieved in Centaurium erythraea Gillib. using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated system. Five hairy root clones exhibited the transformed phenotype. Shoot regeneration, with green organized structures, was apparent in 4 clones, after the first subculture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) half strength medium. The integration of Ri-plasmid T-DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses.
Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues Vol. II, 2006
Plant species that belong to the genus Centaurium are widespread in International traditional medicine. Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (European Centaury) is a biennial plant, with attractive pink flowers, and for potential as a medicinal-ornamental used in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases, in the treatment of fever and anaemia, and for increasing appetite. The effects of some plant growth regulators, nutrient medium components and different light treatments on modification of the morphogenetic response of this plant were examined. The seeds collected in their natural habitat were surface sterilised, and germinated and establish in vitro. Seedlings were cultivated on MS basal medium. Root segments (average 15 mm long) isolated from seedlings were used as an initial material for establishing non-transformed root cultures. After ten days of growth on the basal medium, somatic embryos were observed to form on the initial explants. Towards the end of the subculture period, a large number of adventitious buds also formed at the basal part of explants, beside somatic embryos. Both morphogenetic processes are asynchronous. Histological studies revealed that somatic embryos were formed directly from epidermal cells and adventitious buds from meristematic cells derived from root cortex tissues. C. erythraea seedlings were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS so as to set up a transformed root culture. In vitro plant material, was analysed by PCR and results were compared to plants collected in nature. The results showed that in vitro culture of C. erythraea produced greater amount of secoiridoid glucosides and xanthones.
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2015
Phytohormones are important regulators of numerous developmental and physiological processes in plants. Spontaneous morphogenesis of the common centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn.) is possible on nutrition medium without addition of any plant growth regulator depending solely on endogenous phytohormone levels. Thus, this plant species represents a very good model system for the investigation of numerous physiological processes under phytohormonal control in vitro. We analysed the total amount of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) including the contents of their individual groups in shoots and roots of C. erythraea plants grown in vitro. The total amount of endogenous CKs was 1.4 times higher in shoots than in roots. Inactive or weakly active N-glucosides found to predominate in both organs of centaury plants, whereas free bases and O-glucosides represented only a small portion of the total CK pool. Consequently, centaury roots showed higher IAA content as well as IAA/ free CK base ratios compared to shoots. Centaury tissues also showed increased levels of ''stress hormones''. In contrast to SA, considerably higher levels of ABA were found in centaury shoots than in roots. Our results could serve as a basis for understanding and elucidating spontaneous de novo shoot organogenesis and further plant regeneration of C. erythraea in vitro. Keywords Common centaury Á Root explants Á Hormone metabolism Á Cytokinins Á Auxins Á Plant development Á Stress hormones Milana Trifunović-Momčilov and Václav Motyka have contributed equally to this work.
Centaurium erythraea Cultivation Method for Optimal Yield and Product Quality
Centaurium erythraea Cultivation Method for Optimal Yield and Product Quality, 2017
The effect of cultivation methods on plant development, yield, secoiridoid glycoside content, and physical and microbiological contamination of centaury (Centaurium ery- thraea) were investigated. Plants were cultivated in uncov- ered soil, soil covered with mulch film, or in pots. There was no difference in dry matter yield of plants grown on a mulch film (665 g.m–2) and without mulch film (680 g.m–2), whereas the outdoor cultivation in pots resulted in lower yield (330 g.m–2). The physical and microbiological contam- ination was lowest in plants cultivated in pots and highest when cultivated without soil cover. The total concentration of secoiridoid glycosides in the plants was not affected by the cultivation methods. The use of mulch film combined high yield and low microbiological and physical contamina- tion, and had no effect on the content of desired bioactive compounds.