Evolutionary cytogenetics in Heteroptera (original) (raw)
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Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology, 1999
The genus Dysdercus Guérin Méneville 1831 represents the only taxon within the family Pyrrhocoridae in the New World. Based on morphological features, it has been suggested that American species derived from immigrants from the Old World, most probably from the Ethiopian Region. So far, 10 species from Dysdercus, including six species from the Old World and four species from the Neotropical Region have been cytogenetically analyzed. As is characteristic of Heteroptera, they possess holokinetic chromosomes and a prereductional type of meiosis. While the X1X20 sex chromosome system has been reported in all cytologically analyzed species of Dysdercus from the Old World, the system X0 has been found in all but one species from the New World, regardless of the number of autosomes in the complement. In the present study the male meiosis of D. albofasciatus Berg 1878 was studied in specimens from four different populations from Argentina. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 2n = ...
Meiotic Behavior of 18 Species From Eight Families of Terrestrial Heteroptera
Journal of Insect Science, 2014
Insects of the suborder Heteroptera are known for their odor, for being pests, or for being disease carriers. To gain better insight into the cytogenetic characteristics of heteropterans, 18 species of terrestrial Heteroptera belonging to eight families were studied. The presence of heteropycnotic corpuscles during prophase I, terminal or interstitial chiasmas, telomeric associations between chromosomes, ring disposals of autosomes during metaphase, and late migrations of the sex chromosomes during anaphase were analyzed. These features showed identical patterns to other species of Heteroptera previously described in the literature. Another studied characteristic was chromosome complements. The male chromosome complements observed were 2n ¼ 12 chromosomes [10A þ XY, Galgupha sidae (Amyot & Serville) (Corimelaenidae) and Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Scutelleridae)]; 2n ¼ 13 [10A þ 2m þ X0, Harmostes serratus (Fabricius), Harmostes apicatus (Stål), Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer), Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius), Jadera sp. (Rhopalidae)], and Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n ¼ 13 [12A þ X0, Stenocoris furcifera (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n ¼ 14 [12A þ XY, Dictyla monotropidia (Stål) (Tingidae)]; 2n ¼ 19 [18A þ X0, Acanonicus hahni (Stål) (Coreidae)]; 2n ¼ 21 [18A þ 2m þ X0, Acanthocephala sp. (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n ¼ 27 [24A þ 2m þ X0, Anisoscelis foliacea marginella (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n ¼ 18 [16A þ XY, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n ¼ 17 [14A þ X 1 X 2 Y, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n ¼ 16 [12A þ 2m þ XY, Pachybrachius bilobatus (Say) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n ¼ 26 [24A þ XY, Atopozelus opsinus (Elkins) (Reduviidae)]; and 2n ¼ 27 [24A þ X 1 X 2 Y, Doldina carinulata (Stål) (Reduviidae)]. The diversity of the cytogenetic characteristics of Heteroptera was reflected in the 18 studied species. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of these characteristics, such as the variations related to chromosome complements, sex chromosome systems, and meiotic behavior.
Heterochromatin characterization in five species of Heteroptera
Genetica, 2005
The amount, composition and location of heterochromatin in Athaumastus haematicus (Sta˚l, 1859), Leptoglossus impictus (Sta˚l, 1859), Phthia picta (Drury, 1770) (Coreidae), Largus rufipennis Laporte, 1832 (Largidae) and Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius, 1775) (Rhopalidae) are analyzed by C-banding and DAPI/ CMA fluorescent banding. As the rule for Heteroptera the possession of holokinetic chromosomes and a pre-reductional type of meiosis cytogenetically characterize these five species. Besides, all of them (except L. rufipennis) present a pair of m chromosomes. C-banding technique reveals the absence of constitutive heterochromatin in A. haematicus, scarce C-positive blocks in L. impictus and J. sanguinolenta, and C-positive heterochromatin terminally located in P. picta and L. rufipennis. All C-bands are DAPI bright, except for a DAPI dull/CMA bright band at one telomeric end of the X chromosome in L. rufipennis, which probably corresponds to a nucleolar organizing region. The results of the banding techniques are analyzed in relation to the chiasma frequency and distribution in the five species, and it is concluded that there should exist some constraints to the acquisition and/ or accumulation of heterochromatin in their karyotypes.
Life: the excitement of biology, 2017
The use of karyological studies in insects is of considerable significance. However, chromosome karyotyping has been hampered principally by: 1) the minute size of many insects, 2) the recovery of suitable tissues, 3) the small number of cells adequate for analyses 4) the smallness of the chromosomes in some groups, 5) the difficulty in obtaining satisfactory numbers of well-spread or dispersed metaphases, and 6) the determination of the best time of the year to carry out chromosome preparations using freshly collected material because the life history of many insects is still not well-known. Many attempts have been made to reduce these difficulties by developing novel karyological methods. These procedures can yield chromosome preparations applicable to a wide variety of insects. In this paper, we outline techniques for preparation and observation of chromosomes from insect cells. Also, implications of chromosome techniques on insect systematics are discussed.
Cytogenetics of the true bug infraorder Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): a review
ZooKeys, 2011
The Cimicomorpha is one of the largest and highly diversified infraorders of the Heteroptera. This group is also highly diversified cytogenetically and demonstrates a number of unusual cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes; m-chromosomes; multiple sex chromosome systems; post-reduction of sex chromosomes in meiosis; variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis; different types of achiasmate meiosis. We present here a review of essential cytogenetic characters of the Cimicomorpha and outline the chief objectives and goals of future investigations in the field.
Genes
The Lygaeoidea comprise about 4660 species in 790 genera and 16 families. Using standard chromosome staining and FISH with 18S rDNA and telomeric (TTAGG)n probes, we studied male karyotypes and meiosis in 10 species of Lygaeoidea belonging to eight genera of the families Blissidae, Cymidae, Heterogastridae, Lygaeidae, and Rhyparochromidae. Chromosome numbers were shown to range from 12 to 28, with 2n = 14 being predominant. All species have an XY system and all but one have a pair of m-chromosomes. The exception is Spilostethus saxatilis (Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae); in another species of Lygaeinae, Thunbergia floridulus, m-chromosomes were present, which represents the first finding for this subfamily. All species have an inverted sequence of sex chromosome divisions (“post-reduction”). The 18S rDNA loci were observed on one or both sex chromosomes in Kleidocerys resedae and Th. floridulus, respectively (Lygaeidae), while on an autosomal bivalent in all other species. The rDNA loci tende...
Hereditas, 1996
Five species belonging to the two families of Dipsocoromorpha were studied: three species from the family Dipsocoridae ~ Cryptostemma pusillimum J . Sb. (2n = 16 + 2m + XY, Yz), C. hickmani Hill (2n = 18 + 2m + XU), and C. ca.ytuneouitreus Linnavuori (2n = 18 + m? + XU) and two species from the family Schizopteridae Pateenu elimata Hill (2n = 30 + 2m + X O ) and Rectilamintl australis Hill (2x1 = 30 + 2m + X0). In all species, autosomes formed chiasmate bivalents in spermatogenesis, and the sex chromosome univalent(s) divided at the first meiotic division and segregated at the second. The evolution of autosomal number, m-chromosomes, and sex chromosome systems within the Dipsocoromorpha and in the whole Heteroptera was discussed.