Bioprospective Screening and Characterization of Isolates from Pterocarpus osun Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Synergistic Antimicrobial Properties of Pterocarpus Santalinus
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate antibacterial and synergistic antimicrobial properties of leaf, stem and bark of Pterocarpus santalinus. Methods: The extraction was done by decoction method. The antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion assay and the synergistic antimicrobial activity was done by agar disc diffusion assay. Results: The synergistic activity was studied with plant extracts plus antibiotics viz. Ampicillin , Polymyxin-B, Clotrimazole and Fluconazole. Conclusions: Amongst the three parts, the best antimicrobial activity was shown by bark extract. All the three parts showed synergistic antimicrobial activity with antibiotics but their level varied. The results suggest that all the three parts phytochemicals that enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of the antibiotics against some microorganisms and hence can be developed as a new therapeutic weapon against infectious diseases.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Fractions of Plant Parts of Pterocarpus santalinoides
Biotechnology Journal International
Aims: The study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the leaves, seeds, bark, and root of Pterocarpus santalinoides plant. Study Design: Agar well diffusion and Agar well dilution methods were used to test the preliminary antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations respectively of Pterocarpus santalinoides plants. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu Campus, Nigeria, between February – October, 2017. Methodology: Primary extraction and fractionation of the plant parts were undertaken with methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Agar diffusion method for the primary antimicrobial screening on Muller-Hinton agar (bacteria) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (fungi) were used to assess the antimicrobial activities of the sixteen (16) samples on some microbial isolates namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Candida ...
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2018
Pterocarpus erinaceus has been chosen based on ethnobotanical surveys carried out in the Tchamba district of the Republic of Togo. Investigation of the antibacterial as well as cytotoxic activities of whole extracts, fractions and compounds isolated from the leaves, trunk bark and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Bio-guided fractionation of the raw extracts of plant parts and subsequent isolation of compounds from active fractions using normal phase open column chromatography. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, based on the determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) against several bacterial species representative of the most commonly encountered infectious diseases worldwide. The cytotoxicity of the raw extract and the most active fractions on a human non-cancerous cell (namely MRC-5) was estimated with a MTT assay. The chemical structure of the compounds isolated was elucidated using a combination of advanced Nuclear Magne...
In recent times there has been an upsurge in the search for new chemical agents to replace the conventional drugs, which have been characterized by drug resistance of microbes and the deleterious side effects associated with them. The use of any plant as medicine is attributed to its biological activities. Pterocarpusmildbreadii is a medicinal plant belonging to the family fabaceae, that abounds in Ghana, with its potentials yet to be explored. The present work aimed at screening the stem bark extracts of the variety of P. mildbreadii in Kumasi, Ghana, for their phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities aimed at finding future sources of antibiotics and antioxidants for pharmaceutical formulations. The antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated by the agar diffusion method, using Augmentin as standard; while antioxidant potential was assayed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of phlobahannins, tannins, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids. Flavonoids and anthraquinone were absent in all the extracts. Test organisms for antimicrobial analysis include: Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter. The extracts were found to be susceptible to all the tested organisms, with varying zones of inhibition. The zone of inhibition for the hexane extract range from 6-19mm, that of ethyl acetate range from 9-20mm, while the ethanol extract range from 9-15mm. The extract showed concentration dependent antioxidant activity, with maximum % DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts as; 86.16, 83.98 and 87.60 respectively as against that of the standard ascorbic acid which is 89. 55. For percentage H 2 O 2 scavenging activity, the ethanol extract showed promise with the highest percentage of 93.03; performing better than the standard which is 85.93 %. Results obtained indicates pterorocarpusmildbreadii stem bark extracts have potentials as antibiotic and free radical oxidative inhibitor, suggesting continuous evaluation and isolation of active agents in the extracts.
Phytochemical Screening and Microbicidal Activity of Stem Bark of Pterocarpus Marsupium
2011
Bactericidal potential of methanolic extract of stem bark (Apical bark, middle bark and Mature bark) of Pterocarpus marsupium was evaluated with respect to pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Micrococcus sp. The methanolic extract of apical stem bark was effective than the middle bark and mature bark in inhibiting the growth of all bacteria. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was most sensitive among all the bacterial species studied. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, flavonols, phenols and terpenoids. Saponins were absent in all the bark samples.The concentrations of these phytoconstituents was higher in the apical stem bark than the middle and mature stem bark. The percent extract yield was maximum in apical stem bark. Thus, in the pharmacological point of view, it is important to study the ...
Antimicrobial terpenoids from Pterocarpus indicus
Natural Product Research, 2005
"A mixture of loliolide 1 (>85%) and paniculatadiol 2 (<15%) was obtained from the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Pterocarpus indicus by silica gel chromatography, while the air-dried flowers afforded lupeol 3 and phytol esters 4. The structures of 1–4 were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial tests on a mixture of 1 and 2 indicated that it has moderate activity against Candida albicans and low activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. It was found inactive against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes."
Phytochemistry Letters, 2019
The popular use of Pterocarpus erinaceus as antimicrobial prompted us to study the antifungal properties of its bark, leaves and roots against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger. Thus, the broth microdilution method was used to perform the test and only the root extract showed significant antifungal activity against A. fumigatus with value at MIC 16 μg/mL. This root extract was further partitioned by immiscible liquidliquid extraction into five fractions. Successive chromatographic columns were used for the purification of the organic fractions which led to the isolation and the identification of five compounds including two new (3 and 5) and three known (1, 2, and 4). Their structures were established as muningin 1, the mixture of formononetin and pseudobaptigenin 2, boutotone 3, isoliquiritigenin 4, and boutomycone 5, by the mean of spectroscopic data compared to those reported in the literature. Compounds 1-5 were also tested on A. fumigatus against which 1, 2, and 5 showed antifungal effects with MIC values at 853.3, 28.7, and 452.3 μM, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the traditional use of this plant as antimicrobial could be related to its roots.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Investigation of Pterocarya fraxinifolia Leaves
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2016
The purpose of this study was to understand and investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial effects of different fractions of the methanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis leaf. For the extraction of lipophilic compounds with the help of methanol solvent system, cold extraction process was used, where the grinded coarse powder of the leaf was soaked in methanol and kept for four days for proper extraction. After that, the extract was concentrated by using rotatory evaporator and dried in room temperature. Compounds in the extract were separated according to their polarity by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and solvents of different polarity N-hexane, benzene, diethyl ether, chloroform, dichloromethane. Later, thin layer chromatography (TLC), flavonoid assay, disk diffusion, inhibitory action in nutrient broth was done for different fractions of the methanolic extract. Diethyl ether, chloroform, dichloromethane fractions showed good anti-oxidant property but poor antibacterial activity against different types of microorganism. Chloroform fraction showed good inhibitory activity against Aspergilus niger (fungus) in nutrient broth.
The use of any plant as medicine is attributed to the presence of phytochemicals which are responsible for the biological activities. Pterocarpussantalinoides is a medicinal plant belonging to the family fabaceae. The stem bark extracts of the plant were evaluated for their phytochemical constituents; tested for antimicrobial activity (with Augmentin as standard) by the agar diffusion method and evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH free radical scavenging and H 2 O 2 scavenging activities. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, glycoside, saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids in all the three extracts (ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts); while the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts contain in addition to these, steroids. Anthraquinone was however only present in the hexane extract. Test organisms for antidiarrheal activities include Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts showed varying degree of inhibitory activity against tested organisms. The zone of inhibition for the hexane extract range from 7-19mm, that of ethyl acetate extract range from 9-13mm, while that of ethanol extract range from 9.5-15mm. The antioxidant activity was found to be concentration dependent. For DPPH radical scavenging, hexane extract had the highest percent scavenging value (86.16 %) comparable with that of the standard ascorbic acid (89.35%). H 2 O 2 scavenging activity of the extracts was also promising, ethanol extract had the highest value (85.55%) which was comparable to that of the standard ascorbic acid (85.93 %). The results show that the traditional use of the plant Pterocarpus santalinoides is justified especially in the treatment of diarrhea. The variety pterocarpussantalinoides in Kumasi is a promising source of antimicrobials and antioxidants due to its rich phytochemical content.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021
Aims. Pterocarpus santalinoides is used in Beninese folk medicine for treatment of gastroenteritis. This study aims to compare the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, trunk bark, and root. Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method on 06 bacterial strains including 03 wild-type strains (Escherichia. coli 0157H, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus sp.) and 03 reference strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was performed by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method on rats. The DPPH-free radical scavenging was used to determine the antioxidant activity. Results. The MICs of the leaf extracts varied from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for all strains. The MICs of the stem bark extracts were 6.5 to 25 μg/mL for five strains (E. coli 0157H, S. aureus ATCC 25922, Salmonella sp., E. col...