A review study on the present and novel treatments for metabolic disorder (original) (raw)
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Metabolic Syndrome and Its Management: A Brief Review
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.9\_Sep2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.035.html, 2018
Metabolic syndrome is referred to as the clustered metabolic conditions that can cause heart disease, diabetes and all cause mortality. The presence of equal to or more than three components including larger waist circumference, exalted triglyceride levels, lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, hypertension and exalted levels of fasting blood glucose is necessary for the diagnosis of the syndrome. A rapid increase of obesity and metabolic syndrome prevalence is being reported in India as well as other South Asian countries causing greater morbidity and mortality rates as a result of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity along with insulin resistance is contemplated as the fundamental cause of metabolic syndrome. It is also contributed by many other factors specifically by ageing, life expectancy, sedentary lifestyle and inadequate nutrition. Diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome on time is necessary to prevent further consequent risks of diseases. Lifestyle modification including weight loss, exercise and diet with decreased intake of fat, simple sugars and consuming higher amounts of fiber like fruits and vegetables, whole grains and legumes is primarily required in managing the syndrome. Pharmacological treatment is necessary to be provided to those in whom lifestyle modification solely is not enough to manage the metabolic syndrome. Nutraceuticals due to their functional roles can be beneficial in treatment of metabolic syndrome along with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Metabolic Syndrome - Theory and Practice
Materia Socio Medica, 2016
Introduction: Due to sedentary lifestyles and excessive calorie intake, metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common health problem in the world, as well as in our country, and it is estimated to occur in 30% of the population of middle and older age. The metabolic syndrome is a combination of disorders that include: obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, impaired regulation of body fat and high blood pressure. Complications resulting from metabolic syndrome significantly reduces quality of patient's life and represents a huge socioeconomic burden. Metabolic syndrome therapy is directed to reduce all risk factors, and that means the change of lifestyle, which includes a reduction of body weight, physical activity, antiatherogenic diet and smoking cessation. Medical therapy is aimed to the individual risk factors. Case report: In case of our patient, despite the optimal standard therapy, including drugs for the regulation of LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, an intensive control of blood pressure and glucose, failure to implement the recommended treatment led to a myocardial infarction. Conclusion: The fundamental problem is not the lack of efficacy of available therapeutic measures, medications and procedures, but in insufficient implementation.
Metabolic syndrome and possible treatments (consecutive therapies): a literature review
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by a cluster of risk factors including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Metabolic syndrome is also defined as having at least three metabolic risk factors— increased blood pressure, high blood sugar level, excess body fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels— and greatly increases the chance of future cardiovascular problems. The last 50 years have seen a dramatic increase in metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, with the number of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes worldwide expected to surpass 360 million by 2030. Early diagnosis is important in order to employ effectively lifestyle and risk factor modification. Pharmaceutical therapy in MS is aimed at treating the individual components of MS such as antihypertensives, statins, and metformin. Some natural compounds, Yoga and dietary elements. Therefore in this article various therapies (possible treatments) were reviewed. The world is in emerg...
A Review on Metabolic Syndrome
Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012
The metabolic syndrome is described by the clustering of several risk factors for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lipid disorder, obesity, diabetes in general and high blood pressure are collectively defined as risk factors for cardiovascular disease triggered by metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndromes have a correlation with the variations in genetic susceptibility, nutritional regiment, physical exercise, chronological age and gender which play direct role in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its side effects. There are several definitions of Metabolic Syndrome in the World: World Health Organization's (WHO), The NCEP Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). It appears that the female type 2 diabetic patients need to change their life style to halt the burden of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Clinicians should significantly consider screening all people regardless of age for abnormalities in glucose level. Early treatment in people with abnormal glucose level constitutes a strategy of preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Studies about metabolic syndrome have shown that females were more affected than males. This may be due to the specific characteristics in the lifestyle changes between females and males diabetic patients. Postmenopausal status might be a predictor of metabolic syndrome. Some related factors of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women may increase cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.
International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), 2022
Metabolic syndrome is considered a major reason for the emergence of chronic dreadful diseases. Obesity and wrong food habit are key factors for metabolic syndrome. Globally people are affected by glucose intolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Diabetes is a major part of metabolic syndrome. Targeted antiinflammatory therapy has been suggested for both prevention and treatment of many of the above-said syndrome especially diabetes. Diet is an important regulatory factor in the immune response. There is considerable evidence to suggest that malnutrition leads to immune suppression due to a susceptibility to infection. On the other hand, over-nutrition leads to immune activation due to a susceptibility to an inflammatory condition. Inflammation may have an important role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications; however, the impact of experimental anti-inflammatory treatments on diabetes deterioration over time and cardiovascular outcomes is still elusive. Thus proper diet with some drug therapy not only resolves the issue but can prevent the progression of the disease at extreme levels.
REVIEW ARTICLE The Epidemic of Metabolic Syndrome: Health Promotion Strategies
2009
A B S T R A C T: Metabolic Syndrome is consisted by a group of metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, central adiposity and it is recently identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders causing diseases and deaths in modern world. Metabolic Syndrome criteria are not well-defined and both their definition and parameters evaluation in clinical practice vary according to age, gender and race, as new risk factors are daily recognized and established. Detection frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in overweight and obese people regarding to general population, is constantly increasing and therefore it’s necessary to detect Metabolic Syndrome in the general population. Metabolic Syndrome management should be based upon an individualized risk evaluation and not upon a simple summation and effort in getting treatment separately for each metabolic disorder. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients with multiple risk factors will contribute sub...
Management of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Population
American Journal of Therapeutics, 2008
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder associated with several cardiovascular risk factors resulting in a 2.5-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality in adults. However, over the last 20 years, the same association has been demonstrated in the young population, and it is also related to a parental history of the syndrome. However, the root of the problem could be a high risk factor profile for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, as it has been demonstrated over the last 20 years. It has been shown that the association of obesity, alterations of glucose and lipids metabolism, and high blood pressure are responsible for early atherosclerotic lesions at autopsy as observed in young people. The prevalence of several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has increased in the Brazilian population, as has that of obesity, a cause of great concern because of its importance as one of the metabolic syndrome components. The anthropometric patterns of the Brazilian population have changed over the last 30 years from undernourishment to weight excess, regardless of age, sex, or socioeconomic level. The identification of such individuals, followed by primary preventive measures, changes in lifestyle, and pharmacologic treatment, should be implemented, aiming at reducing the cardiovascular risk in countries undergoing economic transition, such as Brazil. The measures recommended for that age group should focus on changing lifestyle through adoption of healthy habits such as avoiding excessive intake of calories, salt, saturated fat, and cholesterol and engagement in regular physical activity without smoking.
The metabolic syndrome: diagnosis and treatment
Clinical cornerstone, 2004
The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors that, in the aggregate, sharply increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome is characterized by abdominal obesity, a characteristic atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance with or without hyperglycemia, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state. CVD is the most important clinical sequela of the metabolic syndrome. The syndrome also carries a greatly increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which in turn increases cardiovascular risk even further. Conventional risk formulas may underestimate actual CVD risk in metabolic syndrome patients because of their concentration of nontraditional risk factors. Management of the metabolic syndrome should focus on weight loss, increased physical activity, and improvement of atherogenic diet. Pharmacologic therapy for lipids and blood pressure will be needed in most cases. The atherogenic dyslipidemia includes high triglyceride...
CONTEMPORARY AND TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS)-A CRITICAL REVIEW
World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences WJPLS www.wjpls.org, 2020
Metabolic syndrome is emerging global health problem in 21st century and now it is becoming pandemic disease. Nearby 20 – 25% worlds’ adult population is in agony of MetS for the reason that of sedentary life style, changing dietary habits, lack of physical activity leading to stress. MetS is major risk factor for non-communicable disease such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke and fatty liver disease. It is also major risk factor for infection disease like COVID 19 and other viral infection through hampering immunity. MetS proliferates economic burden on individual as well as national health system. Present management modules only treat symptoms or the complication of MetS but does not treat the individual body and mind as whole. Up till now utmost recommendations focus on diet and exercise and do not meditate stress reducing strategies. Contemporary and traditional management composed can improve this condition. This paper critically reviews the contemporary and traditional perspectives of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and recommends adoption of a holistic treatment, good lifestyle with appropriately balanced diet along with Yoga, Pranayam, Meditation and a stress-free living which can prove to be an effective management for Metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Management of the Metabolic Syndrome
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2005
The metabolic syndrome is most commonly defined as the presence of three or more of the following atherogenic risk factors: increased abdominal waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein level, raised blood pressure, and a fasting blood sugar level greater than 110 mg/dL. It is associated with increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Current management recommendations promote therapeutic lifestyle changes (mainly diet and exercise) for all of the core elements of the syndrome. Pharmacologic therapy is indicated in most patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia and in some with hyperglycemia and raised blood pressure. These therapeutic measures are able to favorably modify the core components of the metabolic syndrome and it is hoped that they will also improve the long-term cardiovascular prognosis in patients with this disorder. KEY INDEXING TERMS: Metabolic syndrome, Central obesity, Hyperglycemia, Atherogenic dyslipidemia, Raised blood pressure.