Diapause incidence and duration in the pest mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), on Reunion Island (original) (raw)
Related papers
African Entomology, 2013
Mango gall fly (Procontarinia matteiana Kieffer & Cecconi, 1906) is an orchard pest that infests flush leaves of mango, forming wart-like structures on the leaves. Serious outbreaks may result in reduced fruit yield. A natural parasite (Chrysonotomyia pulcherimma Kerrich, 1970) of the gall fly lays its eggs inside the gall and the larvae feed on the gall fly. Mango cultivars present varying susceptibilities to gall fly infestation, with cultivars ranging from completely resistant, highly susceptible to intermediate stages where pseudo-galls are formed. The latter cultivars are ovipositioned by the gall fly, but secondary metabolites within the leaves possibly halt the development, thereby preventing the development of true galls. Microscopy was used to identify characteristic features of the gall fly and its parasite inside the gall, to study the development of the insects and to distinguish them. Evidence was obtained that the use of insecticides curbs the development of the larvae. Tissue development within true and pseudo-galls was studied to provide insights into the role of secondary plant metabolites in arresting true gall formation. This study will contribute to a more holistic approach to pest management of mango.
Mango midge (Procontarinia mangicola) is an important and severe pest of mango in a number of mango growing countries. It attacks the mango at three different stages and leaves no chance of gaining good yield. It destroys the inflorescence completely which results in reduced fruit setting. This work was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility of five different mango cultivars (Chaunsa, Anwar Ratol, Sindhri, Langra and Dusehri) against Procontarinia mangicola by funnel traps. The traps were mounted with the twigs under the canopy of mango trees for monitoring of larval population of P. mangicola. Maximum population of P. mangicola were recorded during 2nd week of March in Chaunsa cultivar (107.00±31.03) followed by Anwer Retol cultivar (83.86±23.37). While no significant population was observed in Dusehri cultivar. Result concluded that funnel traps best for monitoring of P. mangicola larvae in mango.
Mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (=Erosomyia mangiferae Felt), is an invasive pest that causes economic damage worldwide. The objectives of our study were to highlight the genetic and ecological abilities of this monophagous gall midge to invade new habitats and to evaluate its genetic structure on an isolated island. This study, carried out in subtropical Reunion Island, is based on data from population dynamics surveys and from molecular analyses (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites). Using 11 microsatellite loci and an extensive sampling of 27 populations at 17 sites, we tested the genetic differentiation between populations sampled on different mango organs and cultivars at different seasons and under different climatic and cultural environments. We checked for the existence of a seasonal bottleneck. Our results showed that a single species, P. mangiferae, was present all year round with no genetic bottleneck at any of the sites sampled, regardless of the climatic and cultural conditions, and that it fed on inflorescences and young leaves. These characteristics showed the ecological plasticity of P. mangiferae, despite its low genetic diversity and, consequently, the invasive potential of this species. Populations in Reunion Island are structured into two clusters in sympatry and present in different proportions at each site. One cluster was more frequently found in the cultivated mango area. This work provides insights into the relationships between gall midges and tree host plants in a subtropical agro-ecosystem, as well as into the role of the population genetic structure in the establishment process of a monophagous invasive cecid fly.
Monitoring and Varietal Preference of Mango Midge, Procontarinia mangicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
The current study was planned to evaluate the efficiency of colored sticky traps and plastic sheets in capturing adults and larvae of Procontarinia mangicola, respectively. The susceptibility of different varieties of mango against P. mangicola was also explored. Amongst the eight types of color traps, orange colored traps captured the highest number (145.6±19.7/trap) of P. mangicola adults while white-colored traps captured the lowest numbers (23.7±3.4/trap). The peak adult and larval population was observed on February 11, 2010 (138.9±25.4/m2) and March 2, 2010 (216.9±24.9/m2), respectively. The highest numbers of galls were recorded on Sufaid Chaunsa (2.91±0.2/leaf) followed by Dusehri (2.8±0.2/leaf), Ratol (2.3±0.2/leaf) and Kala Chaunsa (1.74±0.2/leaf). Maximum numbers of larvae were obtained under the canopy of Sufaid Chaunsa (25.6±3.9/m2), followed by Dusehri (22.4±3.7/m2), Ratol (10.3±1.3/m2) and Kala Chaunsa (8.6±0.7/m2). The highest numbers of galls/leaf and larvae/trap recorded on Sufaid Chaunsa indicated that it was the most preferred mango variety. The research findings will be helpful for the proper management of P. mangicola and to avoid losses to the mango industry.
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2002
A gall midge species producing circular blisters on mango leaves was found in 2000 at Tamagusuku Village on Okinawa Island, Japan. This gall midge is identified as Procontarinia mangicola (Shi), and was originally placed in the genus Erosomyia. Another species, Procontarinia schreineri Harris, described from Guam is newly synonymized with P. mangicola. By 2001, this gall midge was found on eight islands in Okinawa Prefecture. Heavily galled leaves fell to the ground much earlier than usual and mango trees with galled leaves had almost no inflorescences, resulting in low yields of mango fruit. We consider that the gall midge adults might be dispersed by wind or that the larvae could be transported with soil or other substrates covering the roots of mango plants in nurseries. We also provide some comments on control measures that may be used against this gall midge.
Environmental Entomology, 2017
Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damage mango by feeding on flowers and fruit tissues, inducing galls on leaves, and providing inoculums of anthracnose. Dasineura amaramanjarae Grover and Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), two gall midges that damage flowers in all mango-growing areas of the world, have recently been recorded in Pakistan, and studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 on the within-tree and orchard distribution patterns and cultivar preference of both species in Pakistan at one location (Rahim Yar Khan). Both gall midge species were found on all mango cultivars examined (Chaunsa, Fajri, Dusehri, Surkha, Sindhri, and Anwar Ratul), with the most damage occurring to Surkha and Dusehri. Research on midge distribution patterns in different parts of mango orchards (central, southern, northern, eastern, and western sides) showed these species to be found in all areas, with the greatest numbers in the central and southern regions. In addition, both species were most abundant on the lower parts of the mango tree canopy.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013
Infestations of the mango mealybug Drosicha mangiferae (Green) (Homoptera: Margarodidae), were affected by weather factors and the position of the infestation with respect to cardinal direction on the branch of the host plant, Mangifera indica var. 'Chaunsa'. Abundance of the scales according to position on the tree with respect to cardinal direction indicated that lower abundance occurred on the leaves and inflorescence on the north side of the tree. Multiple linear regression models relating seasonal abundance of the scales to maximum, minimum daily ambient temperatures and relative humidity explained 24.7% of the variation in the sampling data over 2 seasons. Abundance on the branches was similar in all sides of the tree. Abundance of the scales was correlated to weather factors viz., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, % relative humidity, and rainfall.
Mango Leaf Gall Midge Procontarinia Matteiana (Kieffer & Cecconi) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) In Sudan
Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015
This study was conducted to provide information on the distribution, life cycle and seasonal abundance of Mango leaf gall midge, Procontarinia matteiana (Kieffer & Cecconi) in the Sudan. A total of 97 sites in all mango growing areas were surveyed. P. matteiana infestation in all surveyed sites revealed that the insect was widely distributed with 100% infested trees in 84 sites, while 13 sites were found free of the infestation. Life cycle duration of P. matteiana under field conditions showed high variation ranged from 1.5 to 8.4 months. P. matteiana adults seem to be very active and coincide with the mango new flush. In El Molbus, North Kordofan State, two peaks of galls were reported in late September and late November. Abu Giebaha in South Kordofan State reported three peaks of galls in late of July, August and November. The study concluded that P. matteiana is widely distributed in the Sudan and it expected to cause a serious loss in mango production in all infested areas.
article, 2019
Mango contributes to ameliorate the life level of the northern population of Côte d'Ivoire. This paper seeks to provide information on the main insects visitors of Mangifera indica flowers. The study was carried out during the flowering step of the species corresponding to the December-February period in five village situated in the communal area of Korhogo, in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire. Flowers'insect visitors were captured twice by day in morning and afternoon, using a sweep net. The results showed that these flowers were visited by 8 insectes orders consited of Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata and Orthoptera. The Hymenopterans constituted major group of flower's visiting insects. Collected insects abundance was highest in Katiofi site. The number of visiting insects of mango flowers is high in the morning and low in the afternoon. The highest diversity indices were observed at Lakpolo.