Biochemical and functional properties of Moringa oleifera leaves and their potential as a functional food (original) (raw)
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International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 2023
Phytomedicines are believed to have benefits over conventional drugs and are regaining interest in current research. Moringa oleifera is a multipurpose herbal plant used as human food and an alternative for medicinal purposes worldwide. An important factor that accounts for the medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera is its very wide range of vital antioxidants, antibiotics and nutrients including vitamins and minerals. Almost all parts from Moringa can be used as a source for nutrition with other useful values. Physiochemical and antioxidant evaluation of moringa leaves yielded 6.59 % moisture content, 9.64 % total ash, 6.38pH (1 % solution), 5.81 pH (10 % solution), 0.07 % acidity (1% solution), 0.31 %acidity (10%solution), 2.54 mg GAE/100g total phenolic contents (TPC), 3.68 mg QE/100g total flavonoids contents (TFC) and 71.98 DPP Hradicals scavenging activity. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts showed the presence of coumarine, terpenoids, polyphenols, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Antibacterial assay revealed that the highest antibacterial activity of 1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml of ethanolic extracts were found to be against E. coli (18.4 mm, and 9.1 mm respectively) followed by S. aureus (12.9 mm, and8.2mm respectively), B.subtilis (10.3 mm, and 6.5 mm respectively) and P.aeruginosa (9.3 mm, and 5.2 mm respectively). Moringa extractal so inhibited the development of certain bacteria, demonstrating it santi-microbial potential. This study verifies the presence of important phytochemicals in moringa leaf extracts, leading to the conclusion that moringa leaves can be utilized to curea variety of ailments.
International Journal of Food and Nutritional Science
Globally, there is a growing interest in plant products as a potential source of antioxidant compounds in relation to oxidative stress that is one of the causes of several degenerative diseases. Moringa oleifera is one of the African plants commonly consumed as a nutritional supplement by several communities, due to the high level of vitamins and minerals present in the leaves. In this study, the antioxidant power, some nutritional (polyphenols, vitamin C, flavonoids as kaempferol and quercetin, ursolic acid and trigonelline) and anti nutritional factors (condensed tannins, phytic acid) from a leaf powder extract, obtained from a Moringa cultivar grown in Guateng region (South Africa), were tested. Some of these results were compared to a commercial Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), another typical and commonly used South African beverage, and to coffee (Coffee arabica). The results of these comparison tests indicated that tea preparations from Moringa oleifera powder and from Rooibos tea contains the same antioxidant activity but the content of flavonoids, vitamin C and free phosphate are significantly higher in Moringa. Moreover, Moringa extract shows antimicrobial and antifungal activity and very significant concentrations of ursolic acid (first evidence in moringa) and trigonelline
Phyton, 2022
Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant rich in nutrients, antioxidants, and antibiotic properties. Present study was designed to evaluate various biochemical attributes of leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Plant parts (leaves, flowers) of M. oleifera, collected from different roadsides of Multan district, Punjab, Pakistan, were used as experimental material. Result indicates that alkaloids, saponin, carbohydrates, fats, and protein had a high value in the aqueous extract of both leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Whereas phenol content was high in methanolic leaves extract and the phenol contents were high in aqueous extract of flowers. The extract yield of M. oleifera leaves and flowers both showed a higher percentage in aqueous extract (57.5%), followed by methanol extract and lowest in ethyl acetate extract. Flavonoids contents were higher in ethyl acetate extract of leaves (33.67%) and aqueous extract of flowers (53.71%). While crude fiber was high in methanolic extract of leaves (12.40%) and in flowers crude fiber was high in ethyl acetate extract (15.86%). The moisture contents were higher in leaves (8.87%) than flowers (7.3%) and similarly, ash percentage in flowers (52.60%) than leaves (41.84%). Ethyl acetate extracts of M. oleifera leaves show antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while methanolic extract of M. oleifera flowers shows antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas sp. Maximum growth inhibits show in all extracts of leaves against Aspergillus flavus, F. oxysporum, and P. glabrum except for the concentrated aqueous extract of leaves. While in flowers maximum growth inhibits all extracts against P. glabrum, A. niger, and A. flavus except the diluted ethyl acetate extract. Phytochemicals present in different parts of moringa have significant edible and commercial potential. Moringa extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, therefore have applications in pharmaceuticals.
Increased vegetable utilization and consumption are critical to alleviate worldwide incidence of nutritional deficiencies. Diets rich in micronutrients and antioxidants are strongly recommended to ameliorate the effects of HIV/AIDS. Our survey of over 120 species of tropical and subtropical edible plants for nutrient content, antioxidant activity (AOA), and crop traits indicated that Moringa oleifera is one of the promising crops which could contribute to increased intake of micronutrients and antioxidants. Moringa have been included in the AVRDC Nutrition Seed Kit. Each kit includes different kinds of vegetable seeds for planting in home gardens to ensure good health and nutrition of household recipients. The Nutrition Kit is promoted and distributed by the AVRDC Regional Center for Africa to farmers, women groups, and extension people. Genetic variation, environmental factors, postharvest handling and different means of food preparation influence the nutritional and functional qualities of moringa. The highest nutrient values among four moringa species evaluated were measured on M. oleifera. AVRDC designed methods for high density planting and pruning enabled convenient and continuous harvests of young shoots for fresh market. We found that harvest season and leaf stage significantly influenced nutrient contents of moringa leaves. Higher protein, vitamin A and glucosinolates contents and AOA were obtained in hot-wet season; whereas, higher iron, vitamin C, and phenolic contents were found in cool-dry season. Variation among 10 M. oleifera accessions for nutrient contents were small and thus varietal selection should focus on horticulture traits. Mature leaves were more nutritious than young shoots and could be quickly dried with minimum nutrient loss; however, young shoots exhibited better eating quality and thus were better accepted for fresh market. Cooking increased availability of iron and enhanced aqueous AOA. The AOA was maintained after simulated digestion. Moringa leaf extracts exhibited anti-microbial activity including inhibition of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food and animal intestines. Moringa added to fodder could be a potential bioceutical agent to substitute for antibiotics in livestock production. For human use, intervention with a diet containing 5% moringa powder was investigated using a rat model and compared to a 5% common cabbage diet, and a nutrient-sufficient diet without vegetable. The study implies the consumption of moringa enhances the immune response of nutrient
Study of Phytochemistry of Moringa Oleifera Leaves
2017
Moringa oleífera commonly called Moringa, is a valuable tree whose fruits, roots and leaves have been advocated for traditional, medicinal and industrial uses. Moringa oleifera is an interesting plant for its use in bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional values of dried M. oleifera leaf collected from market of Aurangabad. The phytochemical and nutritional properties of the dried leaf powder of M. oleifera used as nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, functional foods or a source of vegetable in meal preparation. The nutritional and natural products characterization of Moringa conducted in this study show that the leaves of this plant can contribute significantly to the daily recommended allowance needed for many vitamins and mineral needs as well as serve as a rich source of polyphenols, confirming the importance and role that Moringa can play to improve the health and nutrition particularly in malnourished populati...
Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Functional Foods
Foods
Moringa oleifera is a tree cultivated originally in northern India, whose ancient use as a medicine has demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its richness in minerals and macronutrients, the antioxidant capacity and the mineral bioaccesibility were assessed. In addition, the chemical composition, amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral content were also evaluated. The performed analysis reported a high content of proteins and low content of lipids in the chemical composition. Regarding the mineral content, Ca and Fe presented high bioaccessibility; K, S, Ca, and Fe being the most concentrated elements. The obtained values using FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC methods showed high antioxidant capacity, directly related to the increased content of phenolic compounds. In view of the results, Moringa oleifera can be incorporated into the diet as a functional ingredient or as a fortifier of any kind of food. The important source of minerals, phenolics, proteins, unsaturat...
Nutrition & Food Science, 2020
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the nutritional and phytochemical value of Moringa oleifera L., along with health benefits. Moringa oleifera, a highly valued plant grown throughout the world and all parts of tree used in different food formulations, possess industrial and therapeutic uses. This plant is gaining popularity because of its nutrient-rich root, leaves, flowers and fruits, having immense traditional medicinal uses and proved pharmacological properties. Design/methodology/approach Major well-known bibliometric information sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley and Google Scholar were searched with keywords such as nutrition value of Moringa oleifera, bioactive compounds, health benefits, processing and safety were chosen to obtain a database of 1,386 papers. A final database of 70 scientific sources was made after sorting and classifying them according to different criteria based on topic relevance, country of origin and year of publication. Findin...
Biochemical Studies on Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract
Phytochemical screening were determined in Moringa oleifera leaves. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of Moringa oleifera leaves have the highest of total polyphenols and flavonoids contents, which were 129.44mgGAE/g and 20.43mgGAE/g, respectively. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of plant leaves was antioxidant activity by used (FRAP, LPO, OH, DPPH and ABTS) The methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves have the highest of reducing power which was ranged from 0.818 to 3.021 at the concentrations of 20 and 80 mg/ml, respectively. Also, by used (LPO, OH, DPPH and ABTS), were the highest antioxidants activity for methanolic extract respectively. Moreover, The methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves produced the highest growth inhibition (20 and 17mm) for against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtillis at 4mg/ml, respectively. While, the aqueous extracts highest growth inhibition (13mm) of against St.coccus aureus at 4mg/ml. INTRODUCTION Moringa oleifera commonly known as (family: Moringaceae) horse radish tree or drumstick tree is both nutritional and medicinal with some useful minerals, vitamins, amino acids. Almost all the parts of this plant: root, bark, gum, leaf, fruit, Leaves, seed and seed oil have been used for various ailments in the indigenous medicine of South Asia, including the treatment of inflammation and infectious diseases along with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological and hepatorenal disorders. Administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract inhibited the growth of pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria and antioxidant activity. Sreelatha and Padma (2009). Moringa oleifera plant shows the presence of phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, saponins, tannins and terpenoids in different solvent extracts. Patel et al., (2014). Free radical damage is one of the most prominent causes of devastating diseases that are responsible for killing millions of people in the world and this can manifest as heart attacks and cancers. Free radicals naturally occur in the body as a result of chemical reactions during normal cellular processes such as conversion of food into energy in the body. Antioxidants are powerful free radical scavengers in the human body. Several researches on antioxidants in biological systems have confirmed their neutralizing effects on oxidative stress that predispose the human body to lethal diseases and thus, generating keen interest in assessment of antioxidant potentials of consumable food compounds antioxidants comprise a number of chemical compounds. Ahiakpa; et al., (2013). Medicinal plants having various phytochemicals and bioactive components such as trace metal ions, vitamins, alkaloids, carotenoids, polyphenols, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are involved in enhancing long-term health benefits. Antioxidant activity of plants have been monitored, using FRAP, ABTS and DPPH. They quench, scavenge and suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oppose their actions. Sravanthi and Rao (2014).
Nutritional Assessment and Biological Activity of Moringa oleifera
2021
Moringa oleifera medicinal plant is used for medicinal purposes for the treatment of different types of human diseases. The fresh roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds have been selected for such medicinal purposes. The findings of present study indicated that an appreciable amount of proximate composition and phytochemical had been confirmed. The leaves and seeds for this study showed significant phytochemical sources including phenolic compound, flavonoid, tannin alkaloid and antioxidant content, whereas the most sensitive minerals composition sources including Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K, antibacterial activity including the Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aurous were found to be the most sensitive, while Klebsiella pneumonia least sensitive in this study. The growth of Escherichia coli is mostly inhibited by all plants components. Whereas, flowers and leaves showed good inhibition zone against Escherichia coli. The flowers of Maringa oleifera possessed antibacterial...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Moringa is an expeditious-growing evergreen perennial plant and has wide adaptability to grow in different environmental conditions. The nutritive value and medicinal benefits of its leaves, flowers, pods, roots, and stem barks are established by philanthropic research. Edible parts are rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other chemical compounds with medicinal properties. The pods and leaves are mainly used as vegetables and ingredients in soups and curries. It is used to boost the nutritional value of food, as well as to boost the immune system and antioxidant levels, lower blood sugar levels and maintain inflammation. Moreover, Moringa leaves flavonoid amelioration of total antioxidant capacity in the lens. Its leaves, pods, and leaf powder contain a high proportion of Vitamin A, which can help to prevent night blindness and eye problems in children.