Removal of Mercury, Cadmium, and Lead Ions by Penicillium sp (original) (raw)
Related papers
Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022
Heavy metals impose a severe environmental and public health hazard because of their toxic effects and their ability to incorporate in terrestrial and aquatic food chains. Biosorption has many disadvantages over conventional technologies in significant metal removal performance from large volumes of effluents. Fungal biosorption can effectively be used for the removal of metals from contaminated water and soil. Heavy metal tolerant fungal species were isolated from the polluted sites and the most tolerant fungal strain FI-01 was selected. The FI-01 strain was identified as Penicillium chrysogenum on the basis of morphological and microscopic characterization. The live (active) and dead (inactive) biomass was prepared for biosorption assay. The operating parameters viz., pH, temperature and initial metal ion concentration was optimized to 5.0, 35°C and 100 mg/l for maximum biosorption. The dead biomass has shown 23.2 percent more biosorption capacity. The biosorption data of dead biomass shows good fit with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Biosorption of Mercury (II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Fungal Biomass
Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2012
The biosorption of mercury (II) on 14 fungal biomasses,Aspergillus flavusI–V,Aspergillus fumigatusI-II,Helminthosporiumsp.,Cladosporiumsp.,Mucor rouxiimutant,M. rouxiiIM-80,Mucorsp 1 and 2, andCandida albicans, was studied in this work. It was found that the biomasses of the fungusM. rouxiiIM-80,M. rouxiimutant,Mucorsp1, andMucorsp 2 were very efficient removing the metal in solution, using dithizone, reaching the next percentage of removals: 95.3%, 88.7%, 80.4%, and 78.3%, respectively. The highest adsorption was obtained at pH 5.5, at 30°C after 24 hours of incubation, with 1 g/100 mL of fungal biomass.
Leachate derived from bioleaching process contains high amount of metals that must be removed before discharging the water. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from a gold mine tailings and its ability to remove of As, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn from aqueous solutions and leachate of bioleaching processes was assessed. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to characterize the capability of fungal biomass (FB) and iron coated fungal biomass (ICFB) to remove metal ions in single and multi-solute systems. The maximum sorption capacity of FB for As(III), As(V), Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were 11.2, 8.57, 94.33, 53.47, 43.66, and 70.4 mg/g, respectively, at pH 6. For ICFB, these values were 88.5, 81.3, 98.03, 66.2, 50.25, and 74.07 mg/g. Results showed that only ICFB was found to be more effective in removing metal ions from the leachate. The amount of adsorbed metals from the leachate was 2.88, 21.20, 1.91, 0.1, and 0.08 mg/g for As, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb, respectively. The FT-IR analysis showed involvement of the functional groups of the FB in the metal ions sorption. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface morphological changed following metal ions adsorption. The study showed that the indigenous fungus A. fumigatus was able to remove As, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn from the leachate of gold mine tailings and therefore the potential for removing metal ions from metal-bearing leachate.
Global Challenges
Barring a selected few as beneficial trace elements, majority of them have no established biological functions and are considered as nonessential metals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), and nickel (Ni) rank among the priority metals that are of great public health significance. [2] These are all systemic toxicants inducing multiple organ damage, even at lower levels of exposure. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, these metals are also classified as either "known" or "probable" human carcinogens based on epidemiological and experimental studies, depicting an association between exposure and cancer incidence in humans and animals. [3] Heavy metal exposure, in particular, affects all organ systems including the nervous, dermatologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. [3-5] Mostly, the waters of highly metalcontaminated sites and abandoned mines are in acidic range due to the higher concentration of sulphates, metals, and metalloids. White rot fungal communities may play crucial role in removal of heavy metals as they grow in acidic medium and survive with higher concentration of heavy metals. [6] Additionally, white rot fungi accumulate organic acids, carboxylic, and thiol ligands and other polymeric substances extracellularly, which reduce the toxicity of heavy metals. [7,8] Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a representative white rot fungus, has been used extensively for environmental engineering fields as its favorable metal absorption ability. [8-10] In the present study, free cells of P. chrysosporium are used for metal absorption, which offers several advantages over living cell study: i) wide range of operating conditions (pH and temperature), ii) no nutrition requirement, iii) comparative fast metal removal (in terms of time), and iv) resistant to initial higher metal concentration. [6] In biosorption studies, biosorbent concentration, pH, temperature, and metal concentration are the most important parameters, which directly affect the biosorption efficacy of metals. Previously, various researchers studied the biosorption efficiency of fungal biomass, optimized using either OFAT (one factor at a time) method or multivariate optimization Efficient degradation of hazardous contaminants from contaminated water is the major challenge for researchers, wherein heavy metals are the prominent contaminants. Consequently, the assessment of multimetal removal is necessary using efficient biosorbant. In this work, the capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is evaluated for the individual and simultaneous removal of heavy metals. Individual and simultaneous removal of As, Cd, and Cr is optimized using response surface methodology based on the central composite design by changing the variables, i.e., pH, fungal biomass, and metal concentration. Optimization of the individual metal removal study reveals that fungus effectively absorbs As (29.95 mg L −1), Cd (18.1 mg L −1), and Cr (26.34 mg L −1) at 6.1, 5.64, and 4.15 of pH, respectively. Similarly, As (14.18 mg L −1), Cd (4.53 mg L −1), and Cr (9.28 mg L −1) are absorbed by fungal hyphae simultaneously within 1 h. Changes in the morphology of fungal hyphae are detected in metal absorbed samples as compared to the control hyphae. Interaction of metal-absorbed fungal hyphae is analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, revealing that the proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids present in the fungal cell are interacted with metals. The model white rot fungi used in the present study can be applied efficiently for the multimetal removal in effluent treatment plants. Metal Removal
Biosorption and Bioaccumulation of Copper and Lead by Heavy Metal-Resistant Fungal Isolates
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2015
Microorganisms play an important role in the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater and soil. In this research, isolation of heavy metal-resistant fungi was carried out from wastewater-treated soil samples of Hudiara drain, Lahore. The purpose of the present investigation was to observe fungal absorption behavior toward heavy metal. The optimum pH and temperature conditions for heavy metal removal were determined for highly tolerant isolates of Aspergillus spp. along with the initial metal concentration and contact time. Biosorption capacity of A. flavus and A. niger was checked against Cu(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The optimal pH was 8-9 for A. flavus and 4-5.4 for A. niger, whereas optimal temperature was 26 and 37 • C, respectively. Moreover, the biosorption capacity of A. flavus was 20.75-93.65 mg g −1 for Cu(II) with initial concentration 200-1400 ppm. On the other hand, biosorption capacity of A. niger for Pb(II) ranged from 3.25 to 172.25 mg g −1 with the same range of initial metal concentration. It was also found that equilibrium was maintained after maximum adsorption. The adsorption data were then fitted to Langmuir model with a coefficient of determination >0.90. The knowledge of the present study will be helpful for further research on the bioremediation of polluted soil.
Biosorption of Copper and Lead by Heavy Metal Resistant Fungal Isolates
Microorganisms play a significant role in bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and wastewater. In this study heavy metal resistant fungi were isolated from the waste water treated soil samples of Hudiara drain, Lahore. The optimum pH and temperature conditions for heavy metal removal were determined for highly tolerant isolates of Aspergillus species along with the initial metal concentration and contact time. Biosorption capacity of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger was checked against Cu (II) and Pb (II) respectively. The optimal pH was 8-9 for A. flavus and 4-5.4 for A. niger, whereas the optimal temperature was 26°C and 37°C respectively. Moreover, the biosorption capacity of A. flavus was 20.75-93.65 mg/g for Cu (II) with initial concentration 200-1400 ppm. On the other hand the biosorption capacity of A. niger for Pb (II) ranged from 3.25-172.25 mg/g with the same range of initial metal concentration. It was also found that equilibrium was maintained after maximum adsorption.
2020
Nowadays biosorption technology is primarily used as a potent tool for solving the environmental pollution, as compared to conventional methods because of its low cost, and environmental safety. It is not associated with secondary pollutions during its operation. The present study is based on checking the capacity of live and pretreated biomass of Aspergillus species for the biosorption of lead metal ions. Among the five species tested, the best results were obtained for A. niger. While the minimum and maximum removals of lead metal ion by live A. niger biomass were 3.84 and 16.42 mg/g at 2 mM and 9 mM concentration respectively, it was increased to 31.25 and 48.44 mg/g respectively at same base concentration for pretreated biomass. Overall, it was observed that pretreated alkali biomass of test fungal species is a potent biosorbent for the metal ions.
Biosorption of cadmium, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc ions by Aspergillus tamarii
In this paper, Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ heavy metals ions adsorption properties of commercially obtained Aspergillus tamarii were investigated. The dead biomass was used with a batch system for experiments. The effect of the operating parameters, such as pH, temperature, agitation speed, contact time, initial metal concentration, and biomass dosage of aqueous solution containing Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ was studied to find biosorption capacity. The optimum pH range for all heavy metal uptakes was 6.0. The experiments were carried out at different temperatures in the range of 20-50˚C and the maximum uptake was found to be at 25˚C. Heavy metal ion uptake increased with agitation speed until 150 rpm. After this agitation speed adsorption capacity slightly decreased. The adsorption equilibrium was obtained at 150 min contact time. At the optimal conditions, maximum uptake of Cd 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ was found to be 51. 69, 46.99, 58.74, 98.14, and 54.33%, respectively, by using 1.5 g biomass. The interaction between heavy metals and biomass was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy.
Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by bacteria isolated from contaminated soil
Water Environment Research, 2017
The present work evaluates the performance of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, temperature, initial concentration, contact time, and biosorbent dosage on biosorption capacity is studied. Experiment results show that metal uptake is a rapid process at pH values (5.0-6.0), and the order of accumulated metal ions is Pb [ Zn [ Cr [ Co [ Cd [ Cu. The biosorption process obeys Freundlich and the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The kinetics of metal ions biosorption could be described by Lagergren and Ho models. Nitric acid with low concentration of 0.05 N is effective in desorbing the biosorbed metal ions. Sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2 M is effective in regenerating the yeast; the regenerated yeast could be used for at least six cycles of biosorption, without losing its metal removal capacity. Carboxyl, amine, and phosphate groups present in the yeast were found to be the main biosorption sites for metal ions.
Biosorption of cadmium and nickel by pretreated Aspergillus spp. biomass
2019
Industrial effluents contaminated with the heavy metals pose threat to the environment and its habitants. Biosorption is an effective and eco-friendly method for sequestration of heavy metals from such effluents. Fungi, with their remarkable metabolism-independent metal uptake systems, are efficient natural biosorbents of heavy metals. Therefore, we explored fungal biomass (Aspergillus spp.) pretreated with formaldehyde (solvent) and sodium hydroxide (alkali) for sequestration of metals cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) from the aqueous solutions contaminated with heavy metals. The results have shown significant increase in the sequestration of Cd and Ni by the Aspergillus spp. biomass pretreated with formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide and thereby demonstrated its potential in cleaning the environment polluted with heavy metals.