Using spins in diamond for quantum technologies (original) (raw)
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Electron spin decoherence of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond
2008
Isolated spins in solid-state systems are currently being explored as candidates for good quantum bits, with applications ranging from quantum computation 1–3 and quantum communication 4 to magnetic sensing. 5–7 The nitrogenvacancy NV center in diamond is one such isolated spin system. It can be prepared and detected using optical fields, and microwave radiation can be used to rotate the spin.
Spin-Polarization Mechanisms of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond
Nano Letters, 2010
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has shown great promise for quantum information due to the ease of initializing the qubit and of reading out its state. Here we show the leading mechanism for these effects gives results opposite from experiment; instead both must rely on new physics. Furthermore, NV centers fabricated in nanometer-sized diamond clusters are stable, motivating a bottom-up qubit approach, with the possibility of quite different optical properties to bulk.
Materials challenges for quantum technologies based on color centers in diamond
MRS Bulletin, 2021
Emerging quantum technologies require precise control over quantum systems of increasing complexity. Defects in diamond, particularly the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, are a promising platform with the potential to enable technologies ranging from ultra-sensitive nanoscale quantum sensors, to quantum repeaters for long distance quantum networks, to simulators of complex dynamical processes in many-body quantum systems, to scalable quantum computers. While these advances are due in large part to the distinct material properties of diamond, the uniqueness of this material also presents difficulties, and there is a growing need for novel materials science techniques for characterization, growth, defect control, and fabrication dedicated to realizing quantum applications with diamond. In this review L. V. H. Rodgers Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA E-mail: lvhr@princeton.edu L. B. Hughes Materials Department,...
Properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: the group theoretic approach
We present a procedure that makes use of group theory to analyze and predict the main properties of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We focus on the relatively low temperatures limit where both the spin-spin and spin-orbit effects are important to consider. We demonstrate that group theory may be used to clarify several aspects of the NV structure, such as ordering of the singlets in the (e 2 ) electronic configuration, the spin-spin and the spin-orbit interactions in the (ae) electronic configuration. We also discuss how the optical selection rules and the response of the center to electric field can be used for spin-photon entanglement schemes. Our general formalism is applicable to a broad class of local defects in solids. The present results have important implications for applications in quantum information science and nanomagnetometry.
Single-Qubit Operations with the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond
physica status solidi (b), 2002
A concept combining optics and microwave pulses with the negative charge-state of the nitrogenvacancy (NV-) center in diamond is demonstrated through experiments that are equivalent to single-qubit gates, and decoherence for this qubit is examined. The spin levels of the ground state provide the two-level system. Optical excitation provides polarization of these states. The polarized state is operated coherently by 35 GHz microwave pulses. The final state is read out through the photoluminescence intensity. Decoherence arises from different sources for different samples. For high-pressure, high-temperature synthetic diamonds, the high concentration of substitutional N limits the phase-memory to a few ms. In a single-crystal CVD diamond, the phase memory time is at least 32 ms at 100 K. 14 N is tightly coupled to the electronic spin and produces modulation of the electron-spin echo decay under certain conditions. A two-qubit gate is proposed using this nuclear spin. This demonstration provides a great deal of insight into quantum devices in the solid state with some possibility for real application.
Cavity enhanced spin measurement of the ground state spin of an NV center in diamond
A key step in the use of diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers for quantum computational tasks is a single shot quantum non-demolition measurement of the electronic spin state. Here, we propose a high fidelity measurement of the ground state spin of a single NV center, using the effects of cavity quantum electrodynamics. The scheme we propose is based in the one-dimensional atom or Purcell regime, removing the need for high Q cavities that are challenging to fabricate. The ground state spin of the NV center has a splitting of ≈6-10 µeV, which can be resolved in a high-resolution absorption measurement. By incorporating the center in a low-Q and low volume cavity we show that it is possible to perform single shot readout of the ground state spin using a weak laser with an error rate of ≈7 × 10 −3 , when realistic experimental parameters are considered. Since very low levels of light are used to probe the state of the spin we limit the number of florescence cycles, which dramatically reduces the measurement induced decoherence approximating a non-demolition measurement of ground state spin.
Measurements of spin-coherence in NV centers for diamond-based quantum sensors
2021 SBFoton International Optics and Photonics Conference (SBFoton IOPC)
One of the biggest challenges to implement quantum protocols and quantum information processing (QIP) is achieving long coherence times, usually requiring systems at ultra-low temperatures. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising alternative to this problem. Due to its spin properties, easy manipulation, and the possibility of doing optical state initialization and readout, it quickly became one of the best solid-state spin systems for QIP at room temperature. Here*, we present the characterization of the spin-coherence of an ensemble of NV centers in an engineered sample of ultrapure diamond as a testbed for quantum protocols for quantum metrology.
Isotopic identification of engineered nitrogen-vacancy spin qubits in ultrapure diamond
Physical Review B, 2014
Nitrogen impurities help to stabilize the negatively-charged-state of NV − in diamond, whereas magnetic fluctuations from nitrogen spins lead to decoherence of NV − qubits. It is not known what donor concentration optimizes these conflicting requirements. Here we used 10 MeV 15 N 3+ ion implantation to create NV − in ultrapure diamond. Optically detected magnetic resonance of single centers revealed a high creation yield of 40 ± 3% from 15 N 3+ ions and an additional yield of 56 ± 3% from 14 N impurities. High-temperature anneal was used to reduce residual defects, and charge stable NV − , even in a dilute 14 N impurity concentration of 0.06 ppb were created with long coherence times.
Physical Review B, 2001
Electron spin echoes were performed on nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond using optical polarization and detection and 35 GHz microwave control. The experiments demonstrate an approach to quantum information in the solid state. A phase memory time of 3.6 s was measured, and coupling of the electronic spin to the 14 N nuclear spin was observed. Because of the favorable properties of the N-V center, interesting extensions of these single-qubit operations can be proposed.