Chemical Transformations in Ionic Liquids (original) (raw)
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Applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis and catalysis
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2013
In recent years, various novel and greener methodologies have been developed using ionic liquids (ILs). In these reactions, IL has played multiple roles like catalyst, solvent, and catalyst support. In some cases, it was observed that IL enables efficient catalytic reactions in comparison with conventional molecular solvents. On the other hand, although a number of catalytic reaction processes in which ILs are used have been established in industry, there were also some unexpected problems, such as unintelligible aberrance or degradation of so-called taskspecific ILs occurring in reaction processes and on the pilot plant scale. Also, several urgent questions regarding the fundamental aspects of ILs particularly toxicity and greener preparation methods need to be clarified. Several industrial applications of ILs are also discussed.
Ionic liquids-Useful Reaction Green Solvents for the Future (A Review
— Ionic liquids, being composed entirely of ions, were once mainly of interest to electrochemists. Recently, however, it has become apparent that their lack of measurable vapor pressure characterizes them as green solvents, and that a wide range of chemical reactions can be performed in them. To date, most chemical reactions have been carried out in molecular solvents. For two millennia, most of our understanding of chemistry has been based upon the behavior of molecules in the solution phase in molecular solvents. However, at room temperature, thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions carried out in ionic liquids are different to those in conventional molecular solvents, then the chemistry is different and unpredictable at our current state of knowledge. However, in addition to the scope for exciting new discoveries with which they tease us, ionic liquids have no measurable vapor pressure, and hence can emit no volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Properties of ionic liquid solvents for catalysis
Ionic liquids are good solvents for catalytic reactions. The rational selection of the appropriate ionic liquid solvent for a particular reaction requires general knowledge of the properties of ionic liquids, and the details of some properties of the specific ionic liquid solvents being considered. The solvent properties of ionic liquids that are relevant to catalysis are discussed, and sources of the values of those properties for ionic liquids are identified. A roadmap for the literature values of density, viscosity, melting and glass transition temperatures, thermal stability, empirical solvent parameters, absorption, toxicity, surface tension, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity is provided.
Ionic Liquids : A New Trend in Drug Synthesis Using Green Chemistry
Environmental pollution is majorly caused by the chemical and pharmaceutical industries which have increased multifold time in the last several decades. It is the responsibility of science to design the process which will generate the less hazardous chemicals and much environmentally friendly waste. Ionic liquid finds a source of hope in reducing the organic solvent waste in coming years. These Ionic liquids may replace the organic solvents which are hazardous, toxic and non-environmentally friendly used in the synthesis of chemical compounds. This review article describes the Introduction to Ionic liquids, their types and classification, the advantages of their use in replacement of organic solvent in the synthesis of chemicals compounds and drug substances.
Ionic liquids (ILS) are typically referred to as " green " or " designer " solvents. These solvents consist entirely of ionic species exhibiting many fascinating properties, such as non-flammability, low vapour pressure, wide electrochemical window and thermodynamic kinetic stability. Moreover, these remarkable properties can also be adjusted by using various synthesis methods. The application of ILs solves many major problems in green energy production and environment including solar energy, biomass and CO2 adsorption. Although, given our current state of knowledge, the applications of ILs are unpredictable; they have nonetheless rapidly attracted enormous attention in the fields of modern physical chemistry, materials science, applied technologies and engineering. This review focuses on the basic ILs synthesis methods and the latest advancements in the clean energy and environmental application of ILs.
Ionic liquids: Green solvents of sustainable chemistry
2017
Sustainable chemistry is determined for the reduction or replacement of chemicals which causes irreparable damage to ecosystem and raises environment, health and safety concerns. Conventional organic solvents are main culprit in increasing the non-greenness of chemical processes by emitting out volatile organic carbons into the atmosphere. Novel and green solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) are proved as stepping stone for the design of more eco-viable chemical processes. ILs are ‘liquid’ ‘salts’ which consists of large hydrophobic cationic part and smaller inorganic anionic part. They have a unique array of physic-chemical properties which make them suitable in numerous applications in which conventional organic solvents are not sufficiently effective or not applicable. Main factor which contribute in green nature of ILs is their non-volatile nature which is due to electrostatic forces of attraction between cationic and anionic part. This force is strong enough to negate their vap...
List of Publications: 1. "Recent Developments in Task Specific Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis
2010
Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) have received increased attention over the past few years as it is possible to form any specific ionic liquid (IL) composition depending upon user's need of the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. These fascinating materials have shown promising results in various areas such as organic synthesis, catalysis, and specially recent emerging trend of use as functionalized ILs for chiral and nanoparticle synthesis. Present review gives an update of recent developments in the field of TSILs with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis.
Ionic Liquid in Multicomponent Reactions: A Brief Review
Current Green Chemistry, 2016
Chemistry today is focused on the development of most effective reactions and methodologies that should be used in more sustainable and eco-friendly conditions. The ionic liquids are recognized for their ability to form clusters and enhance properties of certain catalysts. Attempts to connect the advantages of catalysis in ionic liquids (IL) with multicomponent reaction (MCR) are found. Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) offer many advantages, and due to there ability to quickly create molecular diversity and molecular complexity allowing the generation of compounds containing essentially all atoms of reactants, they have become an important new way of synthesizing bioactive products. Methods: The main results reported from 2012 until the present day are summarized in this review about catalysis in ionic liquids (IL) with multicomponent reaction (MCR). Results: Several research groups are highlighted in catalysis study in ionic liquids to further enhance the results of possibilities within the universe of multicomponent reactions, showing his versatility in synthesizing complex systems with high convergence and good yields. Conclusion: A wide range of multicomponent reaction in ionic liquid showed in this review confirms that this area of science stands out for presenting general methods and mild and environmentally friendly conditions.