Example Building Damage Caused by Mining Exploitation in Disturbed Rock Mass (original) (raw)
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The paper presents a new geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective building structures protection. The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations. Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface. To minimize the mining damage or to reduce its reach it is reasonable to look for technical solutions, which would enable effective protection of building structures. So far authors concentrated primarily on the development of building structure protection methods to minimize the damage caused by the underground mining. The application of geotechnical methods, which could protect building structures against the mining damage, was not considered so far in scientific papers. It should be noticed that relatively few publications are directly related to those issues and there are no practical examples of effective geotechnical protection. This paper presents a geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective protection of building structures. The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations. Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface. The calculations were carried out in the Abaqus software, based on the finite element method. Keywords: FEM (Finite Element Method); geotechnical methods of building protection; decompression ditch; ground surface deformation W celu minimalizacji szkód górniczych lub ograniczenia ich zasięgu, rozsądnym jest poszukiwanie rozwiązań technicznych, które umożliwiałyby skuteczną ochronę obiektów budowlanych. Dotychczas autorzy skupiali się przede wszystkim na opracowywaniu metod zabezpieczenia obiektów budowlanych, aby zminimalizować szkody spowodowane podziemną eksploatacją. Zastosowanie metod geotechnicz-nych, które mogą chronić obiekty budowlane przed szkodami górniczymi nie było do tej pory poruszane w artykułach naukowych. Należy zauważyć, że stosunkowo mało publikacji bezpośrednio związanych * STRATA MECHANICS RESEARCH INSTITITES OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, UL. REYMONTA 27, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND # Corresponding author: misa@img-pan.krakow.pl 920 jest z tą tematyką i brakuje praktycznych przykładów skutecznej ochrony geotechnicznej. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono rozwiązanie geotechniczne wskazujące na możliwość skutecznego zabezpieczenia konstrukcji budowlanych. Prezentowane rozwiązania umożliwiają minimalizację negatywnych skutków podziemnej eksploatacji górniczej. Przedstawiono wyniki modelowania numerycznego dla przykładowej konstrukcji prewencyjnych rowów zmniejszających wpływ działalności górniczej na powierzchnię terenu. Obliczenia przeprowadzono w programie Abaqus opierającym się na metodzie elementów skończonych. Słowa kluczowe: analiza numeryczna, MES (metoda elementów skończonych), ochrona budynku poprzez zastosowanie geotechnicznego rozwiązania, rów geotechniczny, przemieszczenie powierzchni terenu
Sustainability, 2020
The hard coal seams in the Jiu Valley mining basin have been mined with different mining methods and technologies, including with the complete caving of the surrounding rocks and with top coal caving. These mining systems have led to the degradation of the ground surface by producing subsidence of the land, ranging from a few meters up to tens of meters, in the areas with thick coal seams with high dips. When the limits of the main safety pillars are accidentally exceeded whilst mining, buildings situated either below the ground or on the surface are affected. In the future, the possibility exists of mining some of the very large reserves that are immobilized in the main safety pillars, where the gentle dip seams are stored. In consideration of the above, in order to study the behaviour of typical buildings that are under the influence of underground mining and to develop a model of the stress state in the structural elements of the structures, finite element modelling is used. As s...
Archives of Mining Sciences, 2012
This paper discusses issues involved in protecting buildings and utilities infrastructure located on areas affected by mining exploration. They have been presented against the backdrop of current situation and growth perspectives for Polish mining. Characteristics of Polish mineral deposits have been determined and the scale of mining-induced impact has been given as an aggregate mining areas and regions. Current situation and growth perspectives have been evaluated through analysing geological concessions granted by Ministry of the Environment. The nature of mining influences induced by underground coal - black coal being the most intensively explored mineral in the country - mining has been discussed. Building protection issues have also been presented from three angles: forecasting of mining influences, designing protections and structural health monitoring.
Determining Mechanical Properties and Material Models of Subsoil for Buildings in Mining Areas
AGH Journal of Mining and Geoengineering, 2012
Preventing mining damage buildings can sustain, entails above all determining correctly interactions in the soil (and consequently the load-bearing structure) caused by exploitation. Processes involved in deposit mining cause damage to a rock mass’s structure around the excavation and cause deformation of surface layers. Under Polish conditions, underground mines are located almost exclusively in areas, where exploration has taken place for many years. Mining history of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin region dates back as far as 160 years. It comes as no surprise, than that rock mass’s structure in those areas has been signio cantly affected. Repeatable mining in? uences leave their mark on mechanical properties of soil. Therefore it is important, not only to factor in at the stage of designing a building the direct impact of planned excavation, but also properties of soil have to correctly evaluated. Investigation of geologic and geotechnical conditions of foundations should draw bas...
Deformation and damage to buildings caused by ground movements in mining areas (case study)
Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, 2021
Human activity causes transformations in the near-surface layers of the rock mass, which result in long-term impacts on buildings and engineering infrastructure. Mining activities are particularly disadvantageous in this context, as they trigger severe deformation processes that reach the soil surface as a result of the excavation of deposits. The prevention of accidents and disasters caused by these impacts is based on knowledge derived from observation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire and update knowledge on the impact of mining-related ground deformation and tremors on buildings. The paper presents the results of measurements carried out on a group of buildings located in an underground mining area. The buildings have been affected by mining impacts since their construction in the 1980s. Despite the implementation of appropriate structural protection, the structures have been suffering deformation and damage. For the purposes of the study, two two-axis inclinomet...
This paper presents the authors' computational methods based on Knothe's theory. The methods enable the estimation of the reduction coefficient for effects which originate from mining operations performed via the application of a longitudinal structure which is sunk in to the ground. It could be, for example, a partition, which as a structural gap fulfils the function of an expansion grout, or via breaking the subsoil continuity (e.g. because of creating a peat-filled ditch or using a natural gap). Demonstrative calculations have been carried out in a few cases, i.a. to protect a structure situated in the vicinity of a planned tunnel. Additionally, some examples of the discontinuity zone which impact the obtained deformation values have been presented. The calculation method has been tested in case studies. The results of the calculations clearly show the positive influence of the applied geotechnical solutions on the minimisation of mining damage.
Impact of copper ore mining on the rock mass and ground surface
Underground exploitation of copper ore deposits causes deformations of the surrounding rock mass, thus affecting buildings located there. Effective protection of such buildings has an increasing importance and may, in consequence, contribute to the increase of social acceptance to the development of mining activity. The prerequisite for that is proper planning of mining exploitation, taking into consideration the protection of buildings located on the rock mass and land surface. This requires to perform at least the following: proper evaluation of the expected deformation factors, proper evaluation of building resistance to the mining influences, and proper dimensioning of safety pillars for special structures (such as mine shafts, special buildings, buildings requiring special protection). The paper presents the current state of science and technology in this area. Furthermore, the possibilities to adjust Polish methods for forecasting deformations at the copper ore deposit n...
Analysis of the impact of longwall mining on sacred historic building
Architecture Civil Engineering Environment, 2013
A b s t r a c t This paper presents an analysis of the impact of longwall mining on the Saint Wawrzyniec and Antoni’s church, located in the area of Upper Silesia (Wirek - Ruda Śląska). That century old historical monument has been exposed to mining influ ences since it was erected. For 40 years the structure, its protective slab and nearby area have all been under geodetic obser vations. Based on data obtained over the course of those observations, an analysis was carried out of how mining the 133 longwall of the 413/2 seam did influence the church building, which was located above the mining panel’s corner. This paper explores how the body of the church behaved during mining exploitation, based on theoretical computations and analysis of geodetic observations data. The subsidence process and linear strain over time were studied. Registered subsi dence and deformations were plotted against individual measuring points attached to structural members inside the build ing. Significance...
Building damage risk assessment on mining terrains in Poland with GIS application
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2010
The aim of the paper was to present an approach to building damage risk assessment on mining induced areas. The presented method was developed in Poland and then adopted in the other European countries. The method shown is based on a comparison between buildings strength and terrain deformation. Prediction principles of the mining terrain deformation and terrain categorization were described in the paper. Moreover a point method for a building strength to mining impact evaluation was discussed. It should be emphasized that the presented method is optimal for densely build-up areas. The authors proposed supporting actually applied method by GIS analyses.