Reclassification of Clostridium proteoclasticum as Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus comb. nov., a butyrate-producing ruminal bacterium (original) (raw)
Related papers
Clostridium proteoclasticum sp. nov., a Novel Proteolytic Bacterium from the Bovine Rumen
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1996
A novel proteolytic bacterium was isolated from rumen contents of New Zealand cattle grazing fresh forage and was designated strain B316T (T = type strain). Strain B316T cells were straight to slightly curved rods (width, 0.4 to 0.6 pm; length, 1.3 to 3.0 pm) that were gram-positive and possessed a single subterminal flagellum. This isolate did not produce catalase, indole, ammonia, lipase, or lecithinase or reduce nitrate, but it did produce a curd reaction with milk. Strain B316T was proteolytic, hydrolyzing casein and fraction I leaf protein. The crude proteinase was predominantly the serine type, but some cysteine proteinase and metalloproteinase activities were also detected. The DNA base composition of strain B316T was 28 mol% G+C. A 16s ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of strain B316T indicated that it was most closely related to a member of clostridial cluster XIVa, viz., Clostridium aminophilum, an amino acid-fermenting organism isolated from the rumen; the similarity value was 92.2%. The results of the phenotypic characterization analysis, G+C content analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16s ribosomal DNA sequence set strain B3MT apart from all of the members of cluster m a. We propose that strain B316T should be designated a new species of the genus Clostridium, Clostridiumproteochticum. Strain B316 is the type strain and has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 51982.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2011
Strains of Butyrivibrio are principal cellulytic bacteria in the rumen of the High Arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Butyrivibrio can be divided into three subgroups within the Clostridia class of the phylum Firmicutes, but the current phenotypic and genotypic differentiation within the family Lachnospiraceae is insufficient. This current study describes the sequence diversity of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Butyrivibrio isolates from reindeer. A total of 17 different ITS sequences with sizes between 449 and 784 nt were obtained. Genes encoding tRNA Ile and tRNA Ala were identified in four of the sequences. Phylogenetic neighbor-joining trees were constructed based on the ITS sequence and compared with a phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences previously obtained for the same isolates. These comparisons indicated a better differentiation between strains in the ITS sequence than the 16S rRNA gene based tree. Through this study, a better means for identifying and tracking fibrolytic and potentially probiotic Butyrivibrio strains in reindeer and other ruminants has been provided.
A gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium which is a curved rod and motile by means of a single polar or subpolar flagellum was isolated from the rumen of a cow on pasture. The bacterium fermented a range of carbohydrates. Glucose was fermented to formate, butyrate, and lactate. The composition of cellular fatty acids was determined. The DNA base composition was 40 to 41 mol% G+C. The complete 16s rRNA sequence (EMBL accession number, X95893) was obtained, and the phylogenetic relationships were deter- mined. The most closely related taxa were Roseburia cecicola, Eubacterium rectale, and Lachnospira pectinoschiza. The name proposed for this bacterium is Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain is A12-1 (DSM 9787). During a search for ruminal bacteria capable of metaboliz- ing succinate, using an enrichment procedure, a culture was obtained from which a non-succinate-fermenting bacterium was isolated that closely resembled Butyrivibrio jibrisolven...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2010
Anaerostipes butyraticus sp. nov., an anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacterium from Clostridium cluster XIVa isolated from broiler chicken caecal content, and emended description of the genus Anaerostipes Four butyrate-producing isolates were obtained from the caecal content of a 4-week-old broiler chicken. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined and confirmed the close relatedness of the four isolates, which suggested that they were derived from a single bacterial clone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that its closest relatives were members of cluster XIVa of the Clostridium subphylum of Gram-positive bacteria and that the closest related type strain was Anaerostipes caccae L1-92 T (94.5 % similarity). Similarity levels of 96-98 % with sequences from uncultured bacteria from human stool samples were observed. On the basis of morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic characteristics, this strain is assigned to a novel species in the genus Anaerostipes, for which the name Anaerostipes butyraticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 35-7 T (5LMG 24724 T 5DSM 22094 T ). An emended description of the genus Anaerostipes is also provided.
Clostridium lundense sp. nov., a novel anaerobic lipolytic bacterium isolated from bovine rumen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2006
A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, endospore-forming, lipolytic bacterium, designated strain R1 T , was isolated from bovine rumen fluid and characterized. Cells of this isolate were Gram-positive, non-motile rods that formed spherical terminal spores. The overall biochemical and physiological characteristics indicated that this strain should be placed in the genus Clostridium. The strain grew at temperatures between 25 and 47 6C (optimum, 37 6C), at pH between 5?0 and 8?5 (optimum pH 5?5-7?0) and in NaCl concentrations of 0-3 % (w/v). The isolate was not able to utilize glucose or other carbohydrates as carbon sources. The DNA G+C content was 31?2 mol%. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of R1 T revealed that it has the closest match (98 % similarity) with Clostridium tetanomorphum DSM 4474 T . The highest levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate were 61?9 and 54?3 % with Clostridium pascui DSM 10365 T and C. tetanomorphum DSM 4474 T , respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, DNA G+C content, DNA-DNA hybridization data and distinct phenotypic characteristics, strain R1 T (=DSM 17049 T =CCUG 50446 T ) was classified in the genus Clostridium, as a member of a novel species, for which the name Clostridium lundense sp. nov. is proposed.
Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 2009
Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate-producing bacterium present in the rumen of cattle, could be detected in the feces of healthy southern Indians. Subjects and methods: Feces were collected from 25 children and 25 adults from a village and from 25 children living in a town in southern India. Four cow dung samples were also collected from the village. DNA was extracted and real-time PCR was carried out using primers targeted at 16S rDNA sequences peculiar to B. fibrisolvens. Amplicons were subjected to temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) and DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was done. Results: B. fibrisolvens rDNA was detected in feces of 13 adults (52%) and 15 children (60%) from the village, but not in urban children. In TTGE, amplicons from children and from cattle migrated as a single band, with only one sample showing a second band. Sequencing revealed 12 novel sequences (accessed in GenBank, 8 from children, 4 from dung) closely similar to the ATCC strain of B. fibrisolvens. Conclusions: B. fibrisolvens, a microorganism found in cattle, colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract in rural southern India.
Characterization of CLA-producing Butyrivibrio spp. reveals strain-specific variations
3 Biotech, 2016
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), a fatty acid with high nutraceutical value is produced in rumen by resident bacterial species, especially Butyrivibrio spp. The present study was undertaken to examine the diversity of indigenous Butyrivibrio spp. from rumen liquor of Indian ruminants. The isolates were screened for their CLA production capability at different level of linoleic acid (LA) (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 lg/ml) at different time intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h). A total of more than 300 anaerobic cultures were isolated and 31 of them were identified as Butyrivibrio spp. based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Further, molecular characterization revealed that a large portion (67.7 %) of isolated Butyrivibrio belonged to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (B. fibrisolvens) species which is considered to be the most active bacteria amongst the rumen bacteria populace in terms of CLA production. Bacterial isolate VIII (strain 4a) showed highest CLA production ability (140.77 lg/ml) when incubated at 200 lg/ml LA for 2 h, which is 240 % higher than the isolate XXVII, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus (B. proteoclasticus) showing lowest CLA production (57.28 lg/ml) amongst the screened isolates. It was evident from the observations recorded during the course of experiments that CLA production ability is strain specific and thus did not follow a single pattern. CLA production also varied with time of incubation and concentration of free linoleic acid supplemented in the growth medium. The results of these findings put forward a strain that is high CLA producer and can be further exploited as an additive for enhancing meat and milk quality in ruminants.
Butyricicoccus porcorum sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium from swine intestinal tract
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2018
A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, butyrate-producing coccus was cultured from the distal ileum of swine. This organism was isolated on rumen-fluid medium, consumes acetate, and produces butyrate as its major end product when grown on mono- and di-saccharides. A phylogenetic analysis based on near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences as well as whole-genome phylogenies suggests that this isolate is most closely related to species in the genus Butyricicoccus, with Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum being the closest named relative (93.5 % 16S similarity). The G+C content of this isolate is 54 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids are C18 : 0 DMA, C14 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. These data indicate that this isolate represents a novel species within the genus Butyricicoccus, for which the name Butyricicoccus porcorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Butyricicoccus porcorum is BB10 (ATCC TSD-102, DSM 104997).
2021
One cellulose-degrading strain CB08 and two xylan-degrading strains XB500-5 and X503 were isolated from buffalo rumen. All the strains were designated as putative novel species of Butyrivibrio based on phylogeny, phylogenomy, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average nucleotide identity with their closest type strains. The draft genome length of CB08 was ~3.54 Mb, while X503 and XB500-5 genome sizes were ~3.24 Mb and ~3.27 Mb, respectively. Only 68.28% of total orthologous clusters were shared among three genomes, and 40-44% of genes were identified as hypothetical proteins. The presence of genes encoding diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) exhibited the lignocellulolytic potential of these strains. Further, the genome annotations revealed the metabolic pathways for monosaccharide fermentation to acetate, butyrate, lactate, ethanol, and hydrogen. The presence of genes for chemotaxis, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial activity, synthesis of vitamins, and essential fatty...