Novel High-Molecular Weight Fucosylated Milk Oligosaccharides Identified in Dairy Streams (original) (raw)
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Glycobiology, 2013
Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) are recognized by the dairy and food industries, as well as by infant formula manufacturers, as novel, high-potential bioactive food ingredients. Recent studies revealed that bovine milk contains complex oligosaccharides structurally related to those previously thought to be present in only human milk. These BMOs are microbiotic modulators involved in important biological activities, including preventing pathogen binding to the intestinal epithelium and serving as nutrients for a selected class of beneficial bacteria. Only a small number of BMO structures are fully elucidated. To better understand the potential of BMOs as a class of biotherapeutics, their detailed structure analysis is needed. This study initiated the development of a structure library of BMOs and a comprehensive evaluation of structurerelated specificity. The bovine milk glycome was profiled by high-performance mass spectrometry and advanced separation techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of BMOs, including several novel, lower abundant neutral and fucosylated oligosaccharides that are often overlooked during analysis. Structures were identified using isomerspecific tandem mass spectroscopy and targeted exoglycosidase digestions to produce a BMO library detailing retention time, accurate mass and structure to allow their rapid identification in future studies.
Bovine milk as a source of functional oligosaccharides for improving human health
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2011
Human milk oligosaccharides are complex sugars that function as selective growth substrates for specific beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal system. Bovine milk is a potentially excellent source of commercially viable analogs of these unique molecules. However, bovine milk has a much lower concentration of these oligosaccharides than human milk, and the majority of the molecules are simpler in structure than those found in human milk. Specific structural characteristics of milk-derived oligosaccharides are crucial to their ability to selectively enrich beneficial bacteria while inhibiting or being less than ideal substrates for undesirable and pathogenic bacteria. Thus, if bovine milk products are to provide human milk-like benefits, it is important to identify specific dairy streams that can be processed commercially and cost-effectively and that can yield specific oligosaccharide compositions that will be beneficial as new food ingredients or supplements to improve human h...
Challenges and Pitfalls in Human Milk Oligosaccharide Analysis
Nutrients
Human milk oligosaccharides have been recognized as an important, functional biomolecule in mothers’ milk. Moreover, these oligosaccharides have been recognized as the third most abundant component of human milk, ranging from 10–15 g/L in mature milk and up to and over 20 g/L reported in colostrum. Initially, health benefits of human milk oligosaccharides were assigned via observational studies on the differences between breastfed and bottle fed infants. Later, pools of milk oligosaccharides were isolated and used in functional studies and in recent years more specific studies into structure–function relationships have identified some advanced roles for milk oligosaccharides in the healthy development of infants. In other research, the levels, diversity, and complexity of human milk oligosaccharides have been studied, showing a wide variation in results. This review gives a critical overview of challenges in the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides. In view of the myriad function...
Nutrition Reviews, 2016
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars highly abundant in human milk but currently not present in infant formula. Rapidly accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, combined with epidemiological associations and correlations, suggests that HMOs benefit infants through multiple mechanisms and in a variety of clinical contexts. Until recently, however, research on HMOs has been limited by an insufficient availability of HMOs. Most HMOs are found uniquely in human milk, and thus far it has been prohibitively tedious and expensive to isolate and synthesize them. This article reviews new strategies to overcome this lack of availability by generating HMOs through chemoenzymatic synthesis, microbial metabolic engineering, and isolation from human donor milk or dairy streams. Each approach has its advantages and comes with its own challenges, but combining the different methods and acknowledging their limitations creates new opportunities for research and application with the goal of improving maternal and infant health.
Obtention of Novel Fucosylated Oligosaccharides from Sheep Milk
2017
Milk oligosaccharides are known to regulate blood sugar, maintain glycemic haemostasis, and prevent ketosis as well as being important for gastrointestinal integrity and function. It inhibits the adherence of pathogens to target cells, hence oligosaccharides and their derivatives are used as therapeutic agents and form the basis for the development of anti-tumor vaccines and act as effective drugs in the therapy of pathogenic diseases. Since the Sheep milk shows interesting similarities in comparison with human milk in terms of oligosaccharides constituents, which help that sheep milk oligosaccharides content, mimic the physiological activities described for human milk oligosaccharides. Keeping this in mind, Sheep milk was collected, processed with various chromatographic methods and characterized with emphasis on linkages and configuration was done using NMR and ES Mass Spectrometry and their structure was established as under:Compound-Ovinose
Oligosaccharides in human milk, achievements in analysis: a review
Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th International scientific conference proceedings
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) comprise about 20% of the total carbohydrates of human milk. There is currently a growing interest in HMOs as many researchers have recognized the importance of their benefits to infant health. Accumulated evidence suggests that HMOs are anti-adhesive antimicrobials that serve as soluble bait receptors, prevent pathogens from attaching to infant mucous membranes, and reduce the risk of viral, bacterial, and protozoan parasites. It also provides functionality including anti-adhesion and immunomodulators. Even though the composition of human milk in Latvia has been studied in detail, there are no studies on oligosaccharides in human milk. The aim of the study is to find out recent advances in the analysis of HMOs. Semi-systematic method was used to analyze the latest information about the recent advances in the analysis of HMOs by liquid phase separation methods, to investigate any known associations between HMOs composition and maternal nutrition an...
A comparative study of free oligosaccharides in the milk of domestic animals
The British journal of nutrition, 2014
The present study was conducted to obtain a comprehensive overview of oligosaccharides present in the milk of a variety of important domestic animals including cows, goats, sheep, pigs, horses and dromedary camels. Using an analytical workflow that included ultra-performance liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight MS, detailed oligosaccharide libraries were established. The partial or full characterisation of the neutral/fucosylated, phosphorylated and sialylated structures was facilitated by sequencing with linkage- and sugar-specific exoglycosidases. Relative peak quantification of the 2-aminobenzamide-labelled oligosaccharides provided additional information. Milk from domestic animals contained a much larger variety of complex oligosaccharides than was previously assumed, and thirteen of these structures have been identified previously in human milk. The direct comparison of the oligosac...
Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program, 2008
Human milk contains a high concentration of diverse soluble oligosaccharides, carbohydrate polymers formed from a small number of monosaccharides. Novel methods combining liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry have identified approximately 200 unique oligosaccharides structures varying from 3 to 22 sugars. The increasing complexity of oligosaccharides follows the general pattern of mammalian evolution though the concentration and diversity of these structures in homo sapiens are strikingly. There is also diversity among human mothers in oligosaccharides. Milks from randomly selected mothers contain as few as 23 and as many as 130 different oligosaccharides. The functional implications of this diversity are not known. Despite the role of milk to serve as a sole nutrient source for mammalian infants, the oligosaccharides in milk are not digestible by human infants. This apparent paradox raises questions about the functions of these oligosaccharides and how their diverse molecular structures affect their functions. The nutritional function most attributed to milk oligosaccharides is to serve as prebiotics-a form of indigestible carbohydrate that is selectively fermented by desirable gut microflora. This function was tested by purifying human milk oligosaccharides and providing these as the sole carbon source to various intestinal bacteria. Indeed, the selectively of providing the complex mixture of oligosaccharides pooled from human milk samples is remarkable. Among a variety of Bifidobacteria tested only Bifidobacteria longum biovar infantis was able to grow extensively on human milk oligosaccharides as sole carbon source. The genomic sequence of this strain revealed approximately 700 genes that are unique to infantis, including a variety of co-regulated glycosidases, relative to other Bifidobacteria, implying a co-evolution of human milk oligosaccharides and the genetic capability of select intestinal bacteria to utilize them. The goal of ongoing research is to assign specific functions to the combined oligosaccharide-bacteria-host interactions that emerged from this evolutionary pressure.