A comparative study of free oligosaccharides in the milk of domestic animals (original) (raw)
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Glycobiology, 2013
Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) are recognized by the dairy and food industries, as well as by infant formula manufacturers, as novel, high-potential bioactive food ingredients. Recent studies revealed that bovine milk contains complex oligosaccharides structurally related to those previously thought to be present in only human milk. These BMOs are microbiotic modulators involved in important biological activities, including preventing pathogen binding to the intestinal epithelium and serving as nutrients for a selected class of beneficial bacteria. Only a small number of BMO structures are fully elucidated. To better understand the potential of BMOs as a class of biotherapeutics, their detailed structure analysis is needed. This study initiated the development of a structure library of BMOs and a comprehensive evaluation of structurerelated specificity. The bovine milk glycome was profiled by high-performance mass spectrometry and advanced separation techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of BMOs, including several novel, lower abundant neutral and fucosylated oligosaccharides that are often overlooked during analysis. Structures were identified using isomerspecific tandem mass spectroscopy and targeted exoglycosidase digestions to produce a BMO library detailing retention time, accurate mass and structure to allow their rapid identification in future studies.
Challenges and Pitfalls in Human Milk Oligosaccharide Analysis
Nutrients
Human milk oligosaccharides have been recognized as an important, functional biomolecule in mothers’ milk. Moreover, these oligosaccharides have been recognized as the third most abundant component of human milk, ranging from 10–15 g/L in mature milk and up to and over 20 g/L reported in colostrum. Initially, health benefits of human milk oligosaccharides were assigned via observational studies on the differences between breastfed and bottle fed infants. Later, pools of milk oligosaccharides were isolated and used in functional studies and in recent years more specific studies into structure–function relationships have identified some advanced roles for milk oligosaccharides in the healthy development of infants. In other research, the levels, diversity, and complexity of human milk oligosaccharides have been studied, showing a wide variation in results. This review gives a critical overview of challenges in the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides. In view of the myriad function...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS) are associated with health benefits for newborns. We studied the composition of goat MOS (gMOS) from colostrum up to the 9th month of lactation to conceive an overview of the structures present and their fate. Potential correlations with factors such as age, parity, and lifetime milk production were examined. An effective method for gMOS extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) analysis was established, following 2-aminobenzamide gMOS labeling. Considerable biological variability was highlighted among the 12 quantified gMOS and the 9 non-quantified structures in the individual milk samples. Most characteristic, 2′-fucosyllactose was present in 73.7% of the milk samples analyzed, suggesting the possibility of a secretor/non-secretor goat genotype, similar to humans. Contributing factors to the observed biological variability were goat age, parity, lifetime milk production, and the kids' sex. The results significantly contribute to the current understanding of (variations in) gMOS composition.
Oligosaccharides in human milk, achievements in analysis: a review
Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th International scientific conference proceedings
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) comprise about 20% of the total carbohydrates of human milk. There is currently a growing interest in HMOs as many researchers have recognized the importance of their benefits to infant health. Accumulated evidence suggests that HMOs are anti-adhesive antimicrobials that serve as soluble bait receptors, prevent pathogens from attaching to infant mucous membranes, and reduce the risk of viral, bacterial, and protozoan parasites. It also provides functionality including anti-adhesion and immunomodulators. Even though the composition of human milk in Latvia has been studied in detail, there are no studies on oligosaccharides in human milk. The aim of the study is to find out recent advances in the analysis of HMOs. Semi-systematic method was used to analyze the latest information about the recent advances in the analysis of HMOs by liquid phase separation methods, to investigate any known associations between HMOs composition and maternal nutrition an...
Obtention of Novel Fucosylated Oligosaccharides from Sheep Milk
2017
Milk oligosaccharides are known to regulate blood sugar, maintain glycemic haemostasis, and prevent ketosis as well as being important for gastrointestinal integrity and function. It inhibits the adherence of pathogens to target cells, hence oligosaccharides and their derivatives are used as therapeutic agents and form the basis for the development of anti-tumor vaccines and act as effective drugs in the therapy of pathogenic diseases. Since the Sheep milk shows interesting similarities in comparison with human milk in terms of oligosaccharides constituents, which help that sheep milk oligosaccharides content, mimic the physiological activities described for human milk oligosaccharides. Keeping this in mind, Sheep milk was collected, processed with various chromatographic methods and characterized with emphasis on linkages and configuration was done using NMR and ES Mass Spectrometry and their structure was established as under:Compound-Ovinose
Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles by Reversed-Phase HPLC of Their Perbenzoylated Derivatives
Analytical Biochemistry, 1997
and pathogens involved in diseases of infants (2). These Human milk is rich in oligosaccharides, some of oligosaccharides are the third largest solid component in which inhibit toxins and pathogens involved in dismilk after lactose and triglycerides and are believed to eases of infants. To investigate qualitative and quantibe synthesized by the same glycosyltransferases that are tative individual variation of human milk oligosacchainvolved in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other rides, a sensitive method for routine identification and glycoconjugates. As a consequence, milk oligosaccharides quantification of intact milk oligosaccharides was decan have terminal carbohydrate structures similar to veloped and applied to milk samples from 50 donors. those present on glycoconjugates, some of which act as The isolated, reduced neutral oligosaccharide fraccell surface receptors for pathogens. Thus, some of these tions were perbenzoylated, resolved by reversedoligosaccharides could act as analogs or homologs to phase HPLC, and detected at 229 nm. This method rethose receptors, thereby providing protection to the nurssolves most structural isomers and does not require ing infant against enteric pathogens. Recent studies on stringent removal of lactose. Peaks were detected at complex sugar structures (3) have revealed the existence the low nanogram (pmol) level and peak areas were of a far greater number of oligosaccharides than what linear from 1 to 1000 mg for a standard oligosaccharide.
Novel High-Molecular Weight Fucosylated Milk Oligosaccharides Identified in Dairy Streams
PLoS ONE, 2014
Oligosaccharides are the third largest component in human milk. This abundance is remarkable because oligosaccharides are not digestible by the newborn, and yet they have been conserved and amplified during evolution. In addition to encouraging the growth of a protective microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria, oligosaccharides have anti-infective activity, preventing pathogens from binding to intestinal cells. Although it would be advantageous adding these valuable molecules to infant milk formula, the technologies to reproduce the variety and complexity of human milk oligosaccharides by enzymatic/organic synthesis are not yet mature. Consequently, there is an enormous interest in alternative sources of these valuable oligosaccharides. Recent research has demonstrated that bovine milk and whey permeate also contain oligosaccharides. Thus, a thorough characterization of oligosaccharides in bovine dairy streams is an important step towards fully assessing their specific functionalities. In this study, bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) were concentrated by membrane filtration from a readily available dairy stream called ''mother liquor'', and analyzed by high accuracy MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The combination of HPLC and accurate mass spectrometry allowed the identification of ideal processing conditions leading to the production of Kg amount of BMO enriched powders. Among the BMOs identified, 18 have high-molecular weight and corresponded in size to the most abundant oligosaccharides present in human milk. Notably 6 oligosaccharides contained fucose, a sugar monomer that is highly abundant in human milk, but is rarely observed in bovine milk. This work shows that dairy streams represent a potential source of complex milk oligosaccharides for commercial development of unique dairy ingredients in functional foods that reproduce the benefits of human milk. Citation: Mehra R, Barile D, Marotta M, Lebrilla CB, Chu C, et al. (2014) Novel High-Molecular Weight Fucosylated Milk Oligosaccharides Identified in Dairy Streams. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96040.
Journal of Chromatography A
An improved analytical scheme for human milk neutral oligosaccharides determination was developed, in which, the oligosaccharides were pooled in two fractions (pools 1 and 2) after gel filtration, and then were quantitatively derivatized with a single fluorescent reagent, 2-anthranilic acid. Separation was by reversed-phase HPLC on an ODS-100Z column with a mobile phase of 50 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.0 and 150 mM citrate buffer pH 4.5 and monitored by a fluorescence detector at 360nm excitation and 425 nm emission wavelengths. The method improved on the separation of neutral tetra- and hexa-saccharide isomers, namely, lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) as well as of lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LNDFH I) and lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LNDFH II). The separation of trisacccharide isomers, 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) was also successful. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 1-10 ng/l and 2-30 ng/l, respectively. The ...