Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5-16 years (original) (raw)
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Dietary Calcium Requirements Do Not Differ between Mexican-American Boys and Girls
Journal of Nutrition, 2014
Mexican Americans are an understudied ethnic group for determinants of bone health, although the risk of age-related osteoporosis is high in this rapidly growing sector of the U.S. population. Thus, the objective of the present study was to establish the dietary calcium requirements for bone health in Mexican-American adolescents by measuring calcium retention calculated from balance in response to a range of dietary calcium intakes and to determine predictors of skeletal calcium retention. Adolescents aged 12-15 y were studied twice on paired calcium intakes ranging from 600 to 2300 mg/d using randomized-order, crossover 3-wk balance studies. Skeletal calcium retention was calculated as dietary calcium intake minus calcium excreted in feces and urine over the last 2 wk of balance. A linear model was developed to explain the variation on calcium retention. Boys (n = 20) were taller and had higher lean mass, usual dietary calcium intake, bone mineral content, and serum alkaline phosphatase compared with girls, whereas girls (n = 20) had higher Tanner scores and greater fat mass. Calcium retention increased with calcium intake (P < 0.0001) and did not differ by sex (P = 0.66). In boys and girls considered together, calcium intake explained 33% of the variation in calcium retention. Serum alkaline phosphatase explained an additional 11% of the variation in calcium retention. Other variables measured, including urine N-telopeptide of type I collagen/creatinine ratio, Tanner score, serum parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, weight, height, and body mass index, did not contribute to the variance in calcium retention. In adolescence, calcium retention in both Mexican-American boys and girls was higher than studied previously in adolescent nonHispanic white girls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01277185. J. Nutr.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2007
Higher bone mass in blacks than in whites has been related to greater calcium utilization efficiency. Dietary calcium requirements for maximal skeletal calcium accretion during puberty may differ between the races. This study compared the relation between calcium intake and calcium retention in black and white adolescent girls. A range of controlled calcium intakes (760-1981 mg Ca/d) were used in 3-wk controlled balance studies. Some subjects were studied more than once; a total of 182 observations from 55 black girls and 66 white girls were analyzed. Blacks had 185 +/- 32 mg/d greater mean skeletal calcium retention than did whites (P < 0.0001) at all calcium intakes as a result of significantly greater net calcium absorption (P < 0.001) and lower calcium excretion (P < 0.0001). Dietary calcium requirements did not differ with race. Higher calcium retention at all calcium intakes during adolescence may underlie the higher bone mineral content of adult blacks than of adult ...
Nutrition Research, 1998
Intakes of energy, macronutrients, cholesterol, sodium and dietary fiber were evaluated among I-10 year old US children stratified by age, gender and race. The USDA's 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) data sets supplied the study sample. Camgivers of 1,895 children residing in the 48 conterminous states provided one 24-hour recall and two l-day food records to describe the children's dietary intake. Blacks compared to Whites and females compared to males consumed less energy. Children consumed 46-52%, 15-17%, 34-38%, 13-15%, 5-6%, 12-15% of energies from carbohydrates, proteins, fats, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat, respectively. Intakes of fat, saturated fat and cholesterol (mg/lOOO Kcal) exceeded current recommendations. Intake ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat was lower than recommendation. Cholesterol intakes were higher and dietary fiber intakes were lower among Blacks compared to Whites. Dietary patterns of children were less favorable for cardiovascular health. To achieve recommended intake patterns, significant modifications ate needed in children's diets concerning fat, sodium and fiber. 0 ,998 Elsetier sczenceInc.
The Journal of nutrition, 1999
To assess the possibility of ethnic differences in mineral metabolism in prepubertal children, we compared measures of calcium metabolism in 7- and 8-y-old Mexican-American (MA) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (CAU) girls (n = 38) living in southeastern Texas. We found similar fractional calcium absorption, urinary calcium excretion, calcium kinetic values and total-body bone mineral content in the MA and CAU girls. In contrast, parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were greater in MA girls (4.01 +/- 0.47 vs. 1. 96 +/- 0.50 pmol/L, P = 0.005) than in CAU girls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were lower in MA girls (68.9 +/- 7.7 vs. 109.4 +/- 8.4 nmol/L, P = 0.001) than in CAU girls, but 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations did not differ between groups. Seasonal variability was seen for 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in girls of both ethnic groups, but values in all of the girls were >30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL). We conclude the following: 1) greater PTH levels in MA girl...
Annals of Epidemiology, 1995
Nutrient intakes of 2 149 black and white, 9-and 1 O-year-old girls varied by race, household income, and parental education. Of the three variables, higher education was most wnsistently associated with more desirable levels of nutrient intakes, that is, lower percentage of dietaq fat and higher levels of vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Higher income was related to higher intakes of vitamin C, but lower intakes of calcium and iron. Higher income was associated with lower percentage of dietary fat. After adjustment for income and education, race was associated with intakes of calcium, vitamin C, and to a lesser extent, percentages of kilocalories from total fat and polyunsaturated fat, and potassium. Black girls had a significantly lower intake of calcium (720 versus 889 mg) and a higher intake of vitamin C (91 versus 83 mg).
Racial Differences in Bone Turnover and Calcium Metabolism in Adolescent Females
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2003
Blacks develop a higher peak bone mass than whites which is associated with a reduced risk for bone fracture. The physiological basis for the difference in bone mass was investigated by metabolic balance and calcium kinetic studies in adolescent black and white girls. The hypothesis that the greater peak bone mass in blacks compared with whites is due to suppressed bone resorption was tested. Subjects were housed in a supervised environment for 3 wk during which time they consumed a controlled diet and collected all excreta. Subjects were given stable calcium isotopes orally and intravenously after 1 wk adaptation. Blacks have greater calcium retention (mean ؎ SD, 11.5 ؎ 6.1 vs. 7.3 ؎ 4.1 mmol/d, P < 0.05) consistent with greater bone formation rates (49.4 ؎ 13.5 vs. 36.5 ؎ 13.6 mmol/d, P < 0.05) relative to bone resorption rates (37.4 ؎ 13.2 vs. 29.4 ؎ 10.9 mmol/d, P ؍ 0.07), increased calcium absorption efficiency (54 ؎ 19 vs. 38 ؎ 18%, P < 0.05) and decreased urinary calcium (1.15 ؎ 0.95 vs. 2.50 ؎ 1.35 mmol/d, P < 0.001), compared with whites. The racial differences in calcium retention in adolescence can account for the racial differences in bone mass of adults. (J Clin Endocrinol
Racial differences in calcium retention in response to dietary salt in adolescent girls
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2005
Sodium is an important determinant of urinary calcium excretion, and race is an important determinant of calcium retention. The effect of dietary sodium on calcium retention and the influence of race have not been studied in adolescence, the life stage during which peak bone mass is accrued. The study reported here was undertaken to compare racial differences in calcium retention as a function of dietary salt intake. A total of 35 adolescent girls (22 black and 13 white) participated in two 20-d metabolic summer camps, separated by 2 wk, that simulated a free-living environment. The effect of changes in dietary sodium on calcium retention was tested in a randomized-order, crossover design with 2 concentrations of sodium-1.30 g/d (57 mmol/d) and 3.86 g/d (168 mmol/d)-and a constant calcium intake of 815 mg/d (20 mmol/d). Both race and sodium intake significantly affected calcium retention (P < 0.01). Calcium retention was significantly greater in black girls than in white girls, r...
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Background: There is lack of data in Greece on the trends in energy and nutrient intake. The present study aimed to examine differences in these parameters among first-grade children of Crete, Greece, between 1992/93 and 2006/07. Methods: Children (aged 5.7-7.6 years) from two-representative cross-sectional samples participated during 1992/93 (n = 245) and 2006/07 (n = 257). Nutrient and food intakes were assessed using estimated 3-day-food records. Nutrient intakes were estimated as amounts per 4185 kJ (1000 kcal) of energy intake (EI), whereas macronutrients were estimated as percentage of total EI. Results: Between 1992/93 and 2006/07, respectively, significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in the intake of energy (boys: 7996 versus 8646 kJ; girls: 7265 versus 7963 kJ), calcium (boys: 488 versus 587 mg; girls: 464 versus 594 mg), iron (boys: 5.8 versus 7.3 mg; girls: 5.7 versus 7.4 mg) and vitamins B 2 (boys: 1.01 versus 1.17 mg; girls: 1.0 versus 1.16 mg) and B 6 (boys: 0.80 versus 0.87 mg; girls: 0.75 versus 0.95 mg), for boys and girls, respectively. Among boys, the intake of protein (13.6 versus 14.6% of EI) and total trans fatty acids (TTFA) (0.84 versus 0.99 g) was also significantly lower in 1992/93 (P < 0.016). Between 1992/93 and 2006/07, total fat (boys: 42.9% versus 42.8%, girls: 42% versus 43.1%) and saturated fat (boys: 15.5% versus 15.4%, girls: 15% versus 15.3%) exceeded the 30-35% and <10% dietary recommendations, respectively, A significantly higher proportion of children in 2006/07, compared to 1992/93, had a higher intake of total energy (>120% of the recommended energy allowance). Conclusions: The intake of several macronutrients (protein, TTFA, total and saturated fat) in this sample of children did not meet the recommended intakes in either time period.
Height and Height Z-Score Are Related to Calcium Absorption in Five- to Fifteen-Year-Old Girls
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2005
Context: Understanding the relationship between calcium absorption and growth has been limited. We have developed a database of calcium absorption measurements in 315 girls age 5.0-15.0 yr. Design: We have used this database to assess the relationship between height, its age-and gender-normalized value (height Z-score), and calcium absorptive efficiency. Results: Overall, height was significantly related to calcium absorption (corrected for calcium intake, age, Tanner, stage and ethnicity), P = 0.001.