The effects of race, household income, and parental education on nutrient intakes of 9- and 10-year-old girls NHLBI growth and health study (original) (raw)
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Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2003
Objective To compare age-related changes in macronutrient and cholesterol intake between black and white girls, compare intakes with National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommendations, and examine sociodemographic associations with macronutrient intake. Design Cohort study with 3-day food records collected over 10 years. Subjects 2,379 girls, 1,166 white and 1,213 black, age 9 to 10 years at baseline, recruited from three geographic locations. Statistical analysis Longitudinal generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression models examined the relationships of age, ethnicity, and sociodemographic factors with macronutrient and cholesterol intake and with percentage of girls meeting NCEP recommendations. Results Total and saturated fat intakes decreased with age, more in white girls than black girls, from 35.1% and 13.6% kcal at age 9 to 29.3% and 10.4% at age 19 for white girls and from 36.5% and 13.4% kcal at age 9 to 35.1% and 11.7% kcal at age 19 for black girls. Dietary cholesterol decreased with age, but decreased more in white girls than black girls (range 95 to 119 mg/1,000 kcal for white girls and 119 to 132 mg/ 1,000 kcal for black girls). Depending on age, 7% to 51% of white girls and 8% to 26% of black girls met NCEP recommendations for total fat (Յ30% kcal) and saturated fat (Ͻ10% kcal). About 85% of white and 75% of black girls met NCEP recommendation for dietary cholesterol (Ͻ300 mg/ day). Lower parental education was associated with increased fat and cholesterol and decreased carbohydrate intake. Applications Nutrition counseling and health promotion endeavors should make efforts to promote nutritional hearthealthy messages to adolescents, particularly black girls.
Nutrient intake over time in a multi-ethnic sample of youth
Public Health Nutrition, 2002
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present longitudinal data on nutrient intakes of youth with emphases on differences by sex and race/ethnicity. Nutrients selected for examination are those implicated in chronic disease. Design: 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from a cohort of third, fifth and eighth graders ðn ¼ 1874Þ: Setting and subjects: The sample is drawn from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health and includes students from California, Louisiana, Minnesota and Texas. Results: Across the total sample, nutrient intakes met recommended levels except that total fat, saturated fat and sodium consistently exceeded recommendations and calcium and iron intake of girls consistently fell short of recommended levels. Nutrient consumption between third and eighth grade differed by sex and race/ethnicity for a number of nutrients. In particular, females' intake of energy from total fat, calcium, iron, folic acid, vitamin A and vitamin D decreased over time relative to males' intakes, controlling for overall energy intake. Compared with the other ethnic/racial groups, African-American students increased their intake of energy from total fat and saturated fat over time. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the diets of youth change over time, and negative trends are more common in females than in males and in African-American and Hispanics compared with Caucasian students. Nutrition education and intervention are needed throughout childhood and adolescence with an emphasis on choosing healthful foods. In addition, greater attention to differential opportunities and reinforcements for females and males, and Caucasian, Hispanic and African-American students is warranted.
Nutrition Research, 1998
Intakes of energy, macronutrients, cholesterol, sodium and dietary fiber were evaluated among I-10 year old US children stratified by age, gender and race. The USDA's 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) data sets supplied the study sample. Camgivers of 1,895 children residing in the 48 conterminous states provided one 24-hour recall and two l-day food records to describe the children's dietary intake. Blacks compared to Whites and females compared to males consumed less energy. Children consumed 46-52%, 15-17%, 34-38%, 13-15%, 5-6%, 12-15% of energies from carbohydrates, proteins, fats, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat, respectively. Intakes of fat, saturated fat and cholesterol (mg/lOOO Kcal) exceeded current recommendations. Intake ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat was lower than recommendation. Cholesterol intakes were higher and dietary fiber intakes were lower among Blacks compared to Whites. Dietary patterns of children were less favorable for cardiovascular health. To achieve recommended intake patterns, significant modifications ate needed in children's diets concerning fat, sodium and fiber. 0 ,998 Elsetier sczenceInc.
Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5-16 years
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2009
To assess racial differences in calcium (Ca) metabolism, we measured Ca absorption and kinetics in 89 girls (38 black and 51 white) aged 4.9-16.7 years using a dual-tracer stable isotope technique. We found significantly greater rates of fractional (0.44 2 0.13 vs. 0.25 f 0.08, p < 0.0001 1 and total calcium absorption (406 2 142 vs. 234 +-82 mgfday,p < 0.0003) in black than in white postmenarcheal girls. Fractional absorption of Ca was also greater in black than in white premenarcheal girls (039 +-0.14 vs. 0.30 4 0 . 1 0 ,~ = 0.01). Fractional absorption of Ca was more closely correlated to Ca intake in white (r = -0.42, p = 0.002) than in black girls (r = -0.25, p = 0.14). Urinary Ca excretion was significantly lower in pre-but not postmenarcheal black girls than in white girls. Calcium kinetic values associated with bone calcium deposition were greater in black girls, indicating a greater rate of bone Ca deposition in both pre-and postmenarcheal black girls. These results suggest that the greater bone mass accumulated during childhood and adolescence in black than in white females is due, in part, to greater rates of Ca absorption in black girls. Address reprint requchts to: Strvcw A . Ahrutus. M. I). Children i Nutrition Re.scarch ('cwtc~r Stable Istttopc. La borutoty 1100 Ratc,.s Strc.c?i Houston TX 770.W
Anthropometric, Parental, and Psychosocial Correlates of Dietary Intake of African-American Girls
Obesity, 2004
parental, and psychosocial correlates of dietary intake of African-American girls. Obes Res. 2004;12:20S-31S. Objective: This paper identifies the anthropometric, parental, and psychosocial characteristics and meal practices (e.g., breakfast skipping and number of meals and snacks consumed) associated with consumption of total energy, percent energy from fat, fruit, 100% fruit juice, vegetables, sweetened beverages, and water among 8-to 10-year-old African-American girls.
Nutrition and health in women, children, and adolescent girls
BMJ, 2015
Nutrition and health in women, children, and adolescent girls Urgent action is needed to tackle malnutrition in all forms and to help nutrition unlock the potential of investment in the health of women, children, and adolescents, say Francesco Branca and colleagues E very year the lives of around 50 million children are put at risk because they are dangerously thin from acute undernutrition, while the long term health of more than 40 million children is threatened because they are overweight. Two billion people suffer from vitamin and mineral deficiencies, but overweight and obesity are key contributors to the non-communicable diseases that account for almost two thirds (63%) of adult deaths globally. These different forms of malnutrition-undernutrition, overweight and obesity, and micronutrient deficienciesnow affect people across the same communities and harm people of all ages. (Unless otherwise cited, the figures given are WHO estimates.) Improving nutrition therefore presents a key opportunity to improve health. As the UN secretary general launches his second Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health in September 2015 a strengthened focus on nutrition is warranted, with special attention to the first 1000 days of life (from pregnancy to the child's second birthday), pregnant and lactating women, women of reproductive age, and adolescent girls.
Parent-child nutrient intake interrelationships in school children ages 6 to 19: the …
American Journal of …
Interrelationships between nutrient intakes (dietary cholesterol, total carbohydrate, saturated and polyunsaturated fat, and total calories) of parents and children were examined in 294 families (60 black, 234 white) which included at least one parent and one child in the Princeton School survey of parents and their children, ages 6 to 19. The nutrient data were collected by means of the standardized Lipid Research Clinics' collaborative 24-hr dietary recall; simple correlations and analysis of covariance were used to assess parent-child nutrient intake (per kg
Nutrition Research, 2011
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) was a 10-year longitudinal study of the development of obesity and CVD risk factors (including dietary, psychosocial, environmental and others) in 2,379 African-American and white females who were 9 or 10 years old at study entry. Current studies have documented a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among healthy children, adolescents and young adults in the United States, especially among low-income, black and Hispanic children (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of ≤ 20 ng/mL). Although the main source of vitamin D is direct exposure of the skin to ultraviolet rays from sunlight, certain foods contribute vitamin D including fortified milk, meat, eggs, oils and fortified cereals. Vulnerable subgroups that are especially at risk of inadequate intakes of vitamin D, include teenage girls and women. Research providing the