Prospective study of bacteraemia in acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs (original) (raw)
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Bacterial-associated diarrhea in the dog: a critical appraisal
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 2003
Diarrhea in dogs is one of the most common maladies facing the small animal practitioner today, and bacterial enteropathogens play an important role in many of these cases [1,2]. Clinical signs can range in severity from a mild self-limiting diarrhea to a potentially fatal acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome (AHDS) [3]. Despite this phenomenon, the clinical documentation of enteropathogenic bacteria causing diarrhea in dogs is clouded by the presence of many of these organisms existing as normal constituents of the indigenous intestinal flora. The bacteria most commonly incriminated in canine diarrhea include Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter spp, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp [1-3]. It is important to appreciate that these bacterial species are but a small representation of putative pathogenic enteric bacteria and that additional studies are warranted to elucidate the role of less well-defined species, such as Anaerobiospirillum spp, Yersinia spp, and other yet uncharacterized organisms. Veterinarians are faced with a quandary when attempting to diagnose dogs with suspected bacterial-associated diarrhea, because the isolation rates for putative bacterial enteropathogens are often similar in diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs and the incidence of bacterially associated diarrhea in dogs is extremely variable. In addition, canine fecal enteric panels are expensive ($70-$100) and time-consuming and require technical expertise. Most small animal veterinary practitioners do not have the facilities or expertise to perform these tests, which necessitates mailing fecal specimens to commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratories for evaluation. There is no universal consensus between veterinary diagnostic laboratories as to which bacterial species should be evaluated or which diagnostic assays should be
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2021
BackgroundFew studies have investigated management and outcome in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS), and there is a paucity of data on dogs with concurrent signs of sepsis.ObjectivesTo report outcome in dogs with suspected AHDS according to disease severity and antimicrobial treatment, and to evaluate effect of fluid resuscitation on clinical criteria.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty‐seven dogs hospitalized with suspected AHDS.MethodsRetrospective study based on medical records. Disease severity was evaluated using AHDS index, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) according to 3 treatment groups: No, 1, or 2 antimicrobials.ResultsSixty‐two percent received no antimicrobials, 31% received 1 antimicrobial, predominantly aminopenicillins, and 7% received 2 antimicrobials. At admission, median AHDS index was 13 (interquartile range, 11‐15), which decreased significantly after the first day's hospitalization (P < .0...
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2013
Background: Etiology of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) syndrome in dogs is unknown and histopathologic and microbial investigations have only been performed post mortem. Objective: To identify characteristic intra vitam endoscopic and histologic mucosal lesions, as well as bacterial species, within the mucosa of dogs with HGE. Animals: Ten dogs diagnosed with HGE were included. Eleven dogs with gastroduodenoscopy and different intestinal diseases were used as controls for microbial changes. Dogs pretreated with antibiotics or diagnosed with any disease known to cause bloody diarrhea were excluded from the study. Methods: In this prospective study, gastrointestinal biopsies were collected from 10 dogs with HGE. Endoscopic and histologic changes were assessed according to WSAVA guidelines. Biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon were investigated by histology and by immunohistochemistry for the presence of Clostridium spp. and parvovirus. The first duodenal biopsy taken with a sterile forceps was submitted for bacterial culture. Results: Acute mucosal lesions were only found in the intestines, not in the stomach. Clostridium spp., identified as Clostridium perfringens in 6/9 cases, were detected on the small intestinal mucosa in all dogs with HGE, either by culture or immunohistopathology. In the control group, C. perfringens could only be cultured in one of 11 dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The results of this study demonstrate an apparent association between C. perfringens and the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. The term "HGE," which implies the involvement of the stomach, should be renamed as "acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome."
Case Report: Diagnosis and Treatment of Enteritis Caused by Bacterial in a Dog
BIO Web of Conferences, 2021
Diagnosis of the cause of enteritis in dogs greatly influences the success of its treatment. This case report describes the management of a male dog, 5 months old, 4.8 kg body weight which reported diarrhea, fever and no appetite. The physical examination showed the dog had diarrhea, lethargy, anemic mucous membranes, body temperature of 39.6 °C and an increase in intestinal peristalsis. The results of blood tests showed normochromic microcytic anemia, decreased hemoglobin and PCV, lymphocytopenia, and eosinopenia. The results of the stool examination identified Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and coliform. The dog is diagnosed with bacterial enteritis with a good prognosis. Treatment is given for 5 days with intramuscular injection of amoxicillin at a dose of 10 mg/kgBW bid, diphenhydramine HCl at a dose of 2 mg/kgBW bid, multivitamin syrup 0.1 ml/kgBW bid orally, and intramuscular injection of iron dextran at a dose of 10 mg/kgBW only on the fifth day. It was concluded that...
A case–control study of pathogen and lifestyle risk factors for diarrhoea in dogs
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2011
Diarrhoea is a common and multi-factorial condition in dogs, the aetiology of which is often incompletely understood. A case-control study was carried out to compare the carriage of some common canine enteric pathogens (enteric coronavirus, parvovirus, distemper, endoparasites, Campylobacter and Salmonella spp.), as well as lifestyle factors such as vaccination history, diet and contact with other species, in dogs presenting at first opinion veterinary practices with and without diarrhoea.
Macedonian Veterinary Review
Acute diarrhea (AD) has a complex etiology and may lead to life-threatening conditions. Hematological and serum biochemistry analyses can be useful for a differential diagnosis and for determining the severity of diarrhoea. Dogs with AD (n=72) were divided into Isospora (n=18), Toxocara (n=18), Parvoviral Enteritis (n=18), and Dietary Diarrhea (n=18) subgroups following clinical and laboratory examinations. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of certain hematological and serum biochemistry parameters. Clinical examinations, rapid diagnostic tests, complete blood count (CBC), and biochemical analyses were performed. White blood cell count (WBC), granulocyte, and mean hemoglobin concentration (MCH) levels were lower in the Parvoviral Enteritis Group compared with the other groups (p<0.01). Isospora, Parvoviral Enteritis, and Toxocara groups had lower glucose and total protein, and higher creatinine levels than those of the Control and Dietary Diarrhea groups (p<0.00...
Diagnostic value of fecal cultures in dogs with chronic diarrhea
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2020
Background: Culture-based assessment of the fecal microbiome using fecal culture profiles frequently is performed in dogs with chronic diarrhea, but the diagnostic value of this approach has not been determined. Objectives: To compare the reported results of fecal culture profiles and the polymerase chain reaction-based dysbiosis index (DI) between dogs with chronic diarrhea and healthy dogs; to assess interlaboratory variability in bacterial and fungal cultures among 3 veterinary diagnostic laboratories (diagnostic laboratory 1 [L1], diagnostic laboratory 2 [L2], diagnostic laboratory 3 [L3]); and to compare the reported interpretation of culture profiles (normobiosis versus dysbiosis) with those of the DI. Animals: Eighteen dogs with chronic diarrhea (CDG) and 18 healthy control dogs (HG). Methods: In this prospective, case-control study, fecal samples were submitted to 3 commercial laboratories for fecal culture. The microbiota was assessed using PCR assays. Dogs receiving antimicrobials were excluded.
2021
Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis (HGE) is a life-threatening disease caused by bacteria or virus or endoparasites or irritant drugs or food allergy. Out of 202 sampled animals, the total bacterial isolates were 104. The identified bacterial isolates were 46 (44.23%) E. coli, 9 (8.65%) Klebsiella, 5 (4.80%) C. perfringens, 22 (21.15%) Proteus spp., 3 ( 8 2.8 %) Salmonella spp., 3 (2.88%) Shigella spp. and 4 (3.84%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 (3.84%) Enterobacter species, 2 (1.92%) Citrobacter species, 2 (1.92%) Providencia rettgeri, 1 (0.96%) Hafnia species, 1 (0.96%) Serratia liquefaciens, 1 (0.96%) C. bifermentans and 1 (0.96%) C. putrefaciens. EHEC (12/26, 46.15%), EPEC (9/26, 34.61%) and ETEC (4/26, 15.38%) strains were detected by E. coli serotyping. Salmonella isolates were serotyped as Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg and S. Infantis. E. coli isolates from dogs were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, ...
Prevalence of Bacterial Enteropathogens in Pet Dogs in Trinidad
Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 2000
The rectal swabs of diarrhoeic and apparently healthy non-diarrhoeic dogs presented to a Small Animal Clinic were cultured for Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter and the enteropathogens were characterized. Overall, of 130 dogs divided equally into two groups consisting of 65 diarrhoeic and 65 non-diarrhoeic dogs, 99 (76.2%), 6 (4.6%) and 18 (13.8%) were positive for E. coli, Salmonela and Cam$ylobacfer, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P 5 0.05; 1'). The prevalences of the enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs were not statistically significant (P 2 0.05; x'). Diarrhoea was significantly (P 5 0.01; x2) more prevalent in dogs less than 6 months of age and 7 months to 1 year old than in dogs older than 1 year. The prevalences of Salmonella, E. coliand enteropathogenic E. coli(EPEC) strains were not significantly (P 2 0.05; x2) associated with age but the prevalence of Campylobacter infection was significantly (P 5 0.01; x') higher in dogs less than 1 year old (25.0%) than in older dogs (5.4%). Of 99 E. coli strains tested, three (3.00/0), four (4.0 Yo), five (5.1 YO) and 20 (20.20/0) were haemolytic, non-sorbitol fermenters, verocytotoxigenic (VT) and EPEC strains, respectively. Resistance to tetracycline (59.6%) and ampicillin (50.5%) was most prevalent and significantly (p 5 0.01; x') higher than to six other antimicrobial agents.