Biologische Zustandseinschätzung der Ostsee im Jahre 2004 (original) (raw)
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Biologische Zustandseinschätzung der Ostsee im Jahre 2011
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Hydrographisch-chemische Zustandseinschätzung der Ostsee 2004
2005
The article summarizes the hydrographic-hydrochemical conditions in the western and central Baltic Sea in 2004. Based on the meteorological situation, the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, oxygen, inorganic and organic nutrients are described on a seasonal scale. The whole year 2004 was characterized by only low inflow activities. However, the major Baltic inflow from January 2003 continued to have effects. During the course of 2004 the oxygen content of the deep water in the Bornholm and eastern Gotland Basins decreased continuously. In December only 0,25 ml/l were measured. In the Gotland Deep, again anoxic conditions have restored below 200 m water depth indicating the beginning of a new stagnation period. In the western Gotland Basin the influence of the salt water inflow can be detected only delayed and with reduced intensity. In the Landsort Deep traces of oxygen were found only shortly and the Karlsö Deep remained anoxic throughout the whole year. In the Gotland Deep, a continuous salinity increase took place in the 200 m level. The annual mean reached 12,7 psu. Such high values were observed for the last time in 1977 as a result of a huge major Baltic inflow. The reason can be seen in the warm baroclinic inflow of summer 2003. Warm water inflows as described already for 2002, seem to be an indication of a new quality in the longterm behaviour of the Baltic Sea. The winter nitrate concentrations in the surface layer in the Arkona and Bornholm Sea as well as in the eastern and western Gotland Basin were very low. In contrast, the phosphate concentration was comparably high in the eastern but esp. in the western Gotland Sea causing very low N/P ratios. The reasons für this development are discussed.
Biologische Bedingungen in der deutschen ausschließlichen Wirtschaftszone der Nordsee im Jahre 2010
The year 2010 was the third year of the complex biological monitoring conducted in the German off-shore area (mainly the exclusive economical zone) of the North Sea by the Leibniz Institute of Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) and commissioned and supported by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH). Phytoplankton (incl. chlorophyll a), mesozooplankton and macrozoobenthos were investigated at 12 stations (for benthos exceptionally 13 stations, Fig.1). The plankton was sampled at 5 cruises (Tab. 1) and the zoobenthos at 2 cruises. Macrozoobenthos was investigated during spring and autumn 2010 at 13 stations within the German offshore area (predominantly EEZ) of the North Sea. In both sampling campaigns altogether 286 species were recorded. Between the stations the species number varied from 16 (off Sylt) to 90 (ENTE3). With 121 species (both campaigns added) the station at the central North Sea (ENTE3) was most diverse. With only two exceptions the species richness was ...
2009
Die Schlei ist eine Ostseeförde und ähnelt mit ihrem flussartigen Verlauf und ihren seeartigen Nooren dem Haderslebener und Randersfjord in Dänemark. Sie trennt die Landschaften Angeln im Norden und Schwansen im Süden. Die während der Weichseleiszeit durch wiederholte Gletschervorstöße und Schmelzwasser stark gegliederte Fördenlandschaft setzt sich aus flachen Becken (Große und Kleine Breite, Noore) und tief eingeschnittenen Rinnen (bei Rabelsund, Stexwiger Enge) zusammen (Duphorn u. a. 1995). Der seeartige Charakter der Innenschlei zwischen Schleswig und Missunde ist auf verzögert abgetautes Toteis zurückzuführen. Die flussartige Mittelschlei zwischen Missunde und Rabel wurde als eiszeitliches Tunneltal von unter dem Eis fließendem Schmelzwasser angelegt. Die flache Außenschlei zwischen Rabel und Schleimünde wurde dagegen durch Bewegungen der Gletscher ausgeschürft. Im Zuge der Littorina-Transgression wurde das Tal der Schlei vor etwa 7000 Jahren sukzessiv von der Ostsee überflutet und entwickelte sich zum Brackwasserbiotop. Durch die lange und flache Form der Förde sowie ihre relativ schmale Mündung gerieten die weit landeinwärts gelegenen Abschnitte der Schlei vergleichsweise spät unter marinen Einfluss. Die Mündung der Schlei wird zudem seit etwa 4000 Jahren durch aufeinander zuwachsende Nehrungshaken zunehmend von der Ostsee abgeriegelt. Dies bedingt einen geringen Wasseraustausch mit der Ostsee sowie einen rasch abnehmenden Einfluss des Salzwassers in den inneren Gewässerbereichen. Die heutige Mündung und die Fahrrinne an der Stexwiger Enge werden künstlich offen gehalten. Unter natürlichen Bedingungen wäre die Schlei heute eine Kette von Strandseen. Obwohl über das holozäne Transgressionsgeschehen in der Schlei bisher nur wenige und mit unterschiedlichen Methoden erfasste Kenntnisse vorliegen, erlauben diese doch Einblicke in die Entstehungsgeschichte der Schlei. So konnten 1995 an vier Bohrkernen aus der Großen Breite der Schlei pollenanalytische und sedimentologische Daten gewonnen werden (Kramer 1995). Weitere Ergebnisse lieferten Untersuchungen an Holzproben aus der Schlei, die 2002 im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit durchgeführt wurden (Labes 2002). Diese Beispiele sollen dafür genutzt werden, die verwendeten Methoden zur Rekonstruktion von Meeresspiegelständen zu erläutern und kritisch zu hinterfragen.
Risikobewertung ökologischer Systeme an der deutschen Nordseeküste im Klimawandel
This issue, 2004
Protection Management on the German North Sea Coast" (KRIM) the subproject "Climate Change and Coastal Ecology" examines the ecological aspects of the processes that take place in the coastal landscape. The analysis of the ecological systems of the fore-and hinterland confirmed that the zoning of the biotope types within the salt marsh is determined mainly by hydrology and the associated morphodynamics (system analysis). Via these impact paths it is possible to determine climate change sensitivities for individual biotope types and for landscape sectors (sensitivity analysis). Analysis of how different users esteem these ecological systems has shown a strong competition between the user perspectives "coastal protection" and "nature protection" within the ecological properties of the foreland (function analysis). Climate-induced changes in the structure, functionality and productivity of the ecosystems and the resulting restrictions for the users mentioned could be assessed in a risk analysis. Therefore, our definition of an "ecological risk" use anthropocentric yardsticks. The loss of requirements on ecological properties from the view of the user perspective "coastal protection" was integrated to a space-oriented value (function-value "coastal protection"). This enables the calculation and comparison of the risk-potential of different development scenarios of sea level rise and coastal protection variants, which are conceivable in the future.