Effects of Air Intake Pressure to the Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emissions on a Small SI Engine (original) (raw)
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Effects of Fuel Injection Pressure to Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions of SI Engine
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The present study investigated the effects of fuel injection pressure to fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions for the Spark Ignition (SI) engine. A series of experiments were carried out in 4-cylinders gasoline engine with capacity of 1500 cc. The default fuel injection pressure was 2.8 kg/cm2. In this study, the fuel injection pressures were varied from 1.4 to 4.2 kg/cm2. The engine speeds were retained on 800, 2000, and 3000 rpm. Fuel consumption was evaluated by using a burette under static condition and a gas analyser was used to measure exhaust gas emission. As a result, fuel injection pressure affects significantly to the fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission. The lowest fuel consumption and gas (CO and HC) emissions were reached when the injection pressure was 2 kg/cm2 for all engine speeds. When the injection pressure indicated above and below the default engine specification, a higher fuel consumption and gas emission occurred. Therefore, a better control of the fuel injection system needs to be considered during the engine operation to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission.
Experiments were conducted for evaluating the performance parameters, control of pollution levels and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, air-cooled, Bajaj make, 2.2 kW BP, 3000 rpm, two-stroke, catalytic coated (copper coated on the piston crown and on the inner surface of cylinder head), methyl alcohol-gasoline blend (80% gasoline, 20% methyl alcohol, by volume) operated SI engine with a compression ratio of 7.5:1, connected to an electrical swinging field dynamometer with resistive loading for. The engine performance parameters are brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and volumetric efficiency (VE), while, the engine exhaust emissions are carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and aldehydes (formaldehydes and acetaldehydes). The combustion characteristics are peak pressure (PP), time of occurrence of peak pressure (TOPP), maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR), maximum heat release (MHR) and temperature of exhaust emissions at exhaust port opening (EPO). The performance parameters, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics were determined at full load operation of the engine, while, BTE was determined at peak load operation. Alcohol-gasoline blend fueled copper coated combustion chamber considerably improved the performance, reduced the pollutants with sponge iron catalyst in the catalytic converter fitted to the exhaust pipe, and improved the combustion parameters over conventional engine with pure gasoline operation.
Performance Testing Of 2-Stroke SI Engine by Using External Vaporized Carburetor
2015
The general demand in the market today is for two wheelers with excellent fuel economy, superb power performance and cleaner & greener emissions. A simple device for mixture preparation in a spark ignition engine (external vaporizing carburetor) with the ability to provide the engine with a homogeneous and correctly proportioned combustible mixture for different operating conditions has been tested in this study. This carburetor works on the principle of adiabatic vaporization of liquid gasoline fuel before introduction into the engine cylinder. This vaporization is achieved by passing atmospheric air suck by blower, the blower is used to pass atmospheric air forcefully into the chamber through perforated tube. The chamber contain petrol up to perforated tube level. One opening is given to the chamber for supply air-fuel mixture to the carburetor in vapor form. The performance and exhaust gas emissions of the engine were studied using gasoline and oil (lubricating oil), using both c...
Emission Characteristics Of Two-Stroke Si Engine With Direct Fuel Injection (Dfi
Emission reduction and enhanced efficiency are the prime requirement for present day automotive engines. 2-Stroke IC Engines have definite advantages when compared to 4-Stroke IC Engine in terms of weight, power, and cost. 2 stroke IC Engine has the ability to produce greater power than 4 stroke IC Engines for the same displacement volume of the cylinder. Reduction in emissions along with SFC of such engines still makes them a viable alternative for their use in light motor cycles and micro light aircrafts. Extensive review of the available literature on the subject reveals that systematic methodology for choosing the right piston chamber geometry, location of inlet and exhaust port with respect to the transfer port, intake / exhaust port, opening and closing timings could be optimised for a given operating compression ratio and fuel composition to increase the efficiency of such engines. The present paper discussus the influence of direct fuel injection instead of supplying the air fuel mixture through a carburetor, on the performance of the 2 stroke cycle SI engine. A DFI system has been incorporated into the test engine by modifying its combustion chamber and bypassing the carburetor system. The performance of the engine and the emission characteristics have been studied at various operating conditions.
IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2013
This paper describes simultaneous attainment in improving fuel consumption, output and reducing HC and CO Emissions with a preheated direct injection SI engine. In the present work, many modifications were made for the developed direct fuel injection system. The performance of the 350 cc Bullet engine under all modification is compared with an objective to achieve better power and emission characteristics with the latter. The complete atomization of fuel is necessary to achieve proper mixing that is, the mixture can be homogenous. To achieve this the atomization of fuel is done by using preheating the fuel before it is ignited by the nozzle thus the fuel preheated atomizes well compared to cooler fuel. The present work gives way for improvement of performance of the engine. For motorcycle application, a central injection, spray guided DI combustion may offer the characteristics required to meet many of challenges of this difficult application. To demonstrate the potential of such an application, a 350cc engine has been developed using an air-assist DI spray guided significant fuel economy improvements when compared to the baseline carbureted engine, as well as potential to meet current and future emission legislations with a variety of system configurations.
Lowering of Exhaust Emission in Modern Two-Stroke Engine
Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport, 2015
In the article the results of experimental tests carried out on the modified SI two-stroke experimental combustion engine with direct fuel injection system and the prototype of the oxidizing catalytic converter are presented. Volumetric exhaust emissions of the most important chemical components are many times smaller than standard limits of gaseous emissions given by EU directive for the new stationary engines applied in non-road vehicles and machines Spark ignition two-stroke engine fitted with a catalytic reactor is characterized by high temperature of exhaust gases, which the energy may be used in cogeneration systems. The paper presents the test stand, volumetric concentration of the main components of exhaust gases, results of converted emissions and fuel consumption as a function of air excess coefficient at chosen rotational speeds together with the assessment of the test results. There is decreasing of CO and HC emission during increasing of air excess coefficient and a strong increase of CO 2 behind the catalytic converter. Application of catalytic converter in the outflow system together with direct fuel injection of the tested two-stroke engine enables to achieve values of exhaust emission of main toxic chemical components close to automobile four stroke engines. The paper presents also the comparison of exhaust gas emission of this engine with other engines equipped with different fuelling systems. Presented work is the successor of a wide range of research work in the field of development of modern two-stroke engines carried out in the
Hydrogen has been known as a clean and suitable fuel to replace conventional fossil fuels. One of the common hydrogen production methods is using water electrolysis process. This method produces oxygen as well as hydrogen by ratio of 1:2. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of inlet air enrichment by adding produced hydrogen and oxygen to an internal combustion engine. For this purpose, an electrolysis system consisting of four cells have been built and the produced gas mixture was transferred to the inlet manifold of the engine via a rubber hose. The experimental results showed that addition of hydrogen and oxygen to the inlet air under full load can cause reduction in CO and hydrocarbon gas (HC) by 21% and 19% respectively, and increases power and torque by 5.5% under similar conditions.
Experimental investigation of multi cylinder S.I. Engine emissions by using oxygen enriched air
This research paper gives an explanation of the formation process of toxic exhaust gas components during combustion process of oxygen-enriched mixtures in SI engine. Emissions from the exhaust of internal combustion engine affects the environment globally and also it has negative impact on human health.. Various strategies have been being developed to regulate the pollution in the urban development. Increase the concentration of oxygen in the intake air is also one of the methods to reduce emissions of CO and HC. In order to reduce the emissions the oxygen was supplied at different flow rates i.e.at 3lpm, 6lpm and 9lpm.Investigation work shows that carbon monoxide(CO) emissions decreases at increased amount of oxygen concentration in the intake air but at the same time carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions increases due to proper combustion in the combustion chamber.
The performance and emissions of a spark-ignited, port-injected, gasoline-fuelled, water-cooled, small-size modern motorcycle engine were investigated. For this purpose, an experimental test-rig was built up utilizing a small motorcycle engine for carrying out the practical tests. Experimental tests were performed for a range of engine speeds, various air-fuel ratios with a WOT condition and fixed timing of injection and ignition events. The experimental test-rig results consist of torque, power, brake mean effective pressure (bmep), AFR and emissions of the exhaust gas for various engine-dynamometer speeds. The accuracy of the test-rig measurement was verified by comparing both torque and brake power with benchmark data, which appear in the motorcycle technical manual. The acquired results indicated that conservation of the conventional mode of small engine characteristics is the distinctive impression for the tested engine. Further achievements are planned based on utilizing the developed test-rig and the attractive potential of a dual-fuel technique for reducing emissions and producing acceptable levels of torque and power.
Exhaust Gas Analysis of SI Engine and Performance Of Catalytic Converter
2013
Exhaust system, the least concerned section by the people has the most effective role on the environment as it is that portion of an automobile through which exhaust gases get out from the combustion chamber to pollute the air by their contaminated contents. The exhaust system components like catalytic converter, muffler and resonator make it possible to let out the least possible contaminated gas from the engine exhaust manifold. The performance of the emission control system particularly by the catalytic converter and the noise control are the main concern of this paper. To make a comparison of the exhaust gas emission providing with catalytic converter or not, an exhaust gas analyzer was used to collect experimental data. All the experimental data and graphical representation concludes that the carbon content in the exhaust gas from the car, Toyota E-90 has been reduced to a great extent with the help of catalytic converter & the noise has been reduced as well for the proper atta...