Lowering of Exhaust Emission in Modern Two-Stroke Engine (original) (raw)
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Comparison of Performance of Two-Stroke Engine with Catalytic Converter
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Exhaust Gas Analysis of SI Engine and Performance Of Catalytic Converter
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Exhaust system, the least concerned section by the people has the most effective role on the environment as it is that portion of an automobile through which exhaust gases get out from the combustion chamber to pollute the air by their contaminated contents. The exhaust system components like catalytic converter, muffler and resonator make it possible to let out the least possible contaminated gas from the engine exhaust manifold. The performance of the emission control system particularly by the catalytic converter and the noise control are the main concern of this paper. To make a comparison of the exhaust gas emission providing with catalytic converter or not, an exhaust gas analyzer was used to collect experimental data. All the experimental data and graphical representation concludes that the carbon content in the exhaust gas from the car, Toyota E-90 has been reduced to a great extent with the help of catalytic converter & the noise has been reduced as well for the proper atta...
As the fossil fuels are fastly depleting and the pollution levels are increasing with their use, necessitating the search for alternate fuels. Alcohol is a potential and renewable fuel for SI engine, because its properties are compatible to those of gasoline fuels. Aldehydes, with their carcinogenic nature are one of the major pollutants, when SI engines are run with alcohols. As these pollutants poses serious health hazards for human beings and causes environmental pollution, their reduction assumed importance. This paper reported the exhaust emissions and their control from a single cylinder, air-cooled, Bajaj make, two-stroke SI engine, with a brake power of 2.2 kW at a rated speed of 3000 rpm with a compression ratio of 7.5:1. The exhaust emissions of CO and UBHC were determined with Netel Chromatograph CO/UBHC analyzer. Aldehyde levels were determined by DNPH method. The test fuels are pure gasoline and methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol, by volume). The crown surface of piston and inside surface of the cylinder head were coated with copper for a thickness of 300 microns. A catalytic converter with air injection with sponge iron (SPI)/manganese (Mn) ore as catalyst was provided to the engine. In comparison with the conventional engine (CE) with experimental fuels, the performance of catalytically activated engine was found to be improved. Air injection in to catalytic converter significantly decreased the exhaust emissions with sponge iron (SPI) as catalyst over manganese (Mn) ore.
Comparative Studies on Control of Emissions of Two Stroke and Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engines
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET), 2021
Alcohols are proved to be efficient fuels for petrol engine, as their octane rating are very high and that too, there are renewable in nature. The exhaust emissions of petrol engine cause human hazards, once they are inhaled in and also cause environmental effects like Greenhouse effect and acid rains. Hence control of these pollutants is an immediate step and an urgent task. Investigations were carried out to determine and control the exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) emissions of two stroke and four stroke of single cylinder, spark ignition (SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation. The engine was provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst. There was provision for injection of air into the catalytic converter. CCE showed reduction of pollutants, when compared with CE with both test fuels. 4-Stroke engine decreased exhaust emissions effectively in comparison with 2-stroke engine with
Comparative Study of Exhaust Emission of Commonly Used Fuel in an Internal Combustion Engine
The aim of this work is to find out composition of exhaust gases from I.C engine when CNG, LPG, Petroleum are used. The main consequence of exhaust gases are environmental pollution. The environmental pollution depends upon presence of pollutants like CO, NOx, HC & PM. This paper aspires to find out the fuel that emits minimum pollution when used in the same automobile, thereby finding a cleaner, environment friendlier fuel. The results presented in the project are obtained from an experimental study carried out on a Maruti Alto Car. Experimental investigation indicates that CNG, LPG and petrol have significant effect on exhaust gases. In spark ignition engines, the output parameter is achieved by controlling various input fuels. This paper discusses the effects of various input fuels on exhaust gases.
Modeling and Research Analysis of Catalytic Converter in a Small Si Two-Stroke Engine
2002
In modern two-stroke SI engine applying one or two segments of catalytic converter in exhaust system is needed to fulfil requirements of emission of toxic components in burnt gases. In the paper catalytic conversion of toxic components in exhaust gas as dependence of mixture preparation is presented obtained from experiment and simulation. Paper gives mathematical model of gas flow in a exhaust system with taking into account resistant of gas flow through catalytic converter. On the base of mathematical model calculations of physical parameter of gas was done with overall engine output parameters. This enables optimisation of whole exhaust system at conservation of high temperature in the monolith. In the paper result of simulation were given in comparison to original engine. Also experimental results made on stand with 250 cc two-stroke two-cylinder engine with the same geometrical parameters of exhaust system as in calculations are included and compared with computational results....
Emission Characteristics Of Two-Stroke Si Engine With Direct Fuel Injection (Dfi
Emission reduction and enhanced efficiency are the prime requirement for present day automotive engines. 2-Stroke IC Engines have definite advantages when compared to 4-Stroke IC Engine in terms of weight, power, and cost. 2 stroke IC Engine has the ability to produce greater power than 4 stroke IC Engines for the same displacement volume of the cylinder. Reduction in emissions along with SFC of such engines still makes them a viable alternative for their use in light motor cycles and micro light aircrafts. Extensive review of the available literature on the subject reveals that systematic methodology for choosing the right piston chamber geometry, location of inlet and exhaust port with respect to the transfer port, intake / exhaust port, opening and closing timings could be optimised for a given operating compression ratio and fuel composition to increase the efficiency of such engines. The present paper discussus the influence of direct fuel injection instead of supplying the air fuel mixture through a carburetor, on the performance of the 2 stroke cycle SI engine. A DFI system has been incorporated into the test engine by modifying its combustion chamber and bypassing the carburetor system. The performance of the engine and the emission characteristics have been studied at various operating conditions.
Experiments were conducted for evaluating the performance parameters, control of pollution levels and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, air-cooled, Bajaj make, 2.2 kW BP, 3000 rpm, two-stroke, catalytic coated (copper coated on the piston crown and on the inner surface of cylinder head), methyl alcohol-gasoline blend (80% gasoline, 20% methyl alcohol, by volume) operated SI engine with a compression ratio of 7.5:1, connected to an electrical swinging field dynamometer with resistive loading for. The engine performance parameters are brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and volumetric efficiency (VE), while, the engine exhaust emissions are carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and aldehydes (formaldehydes and acetaldehydes). The combustion characteristics are peak pressure (PP), time of occurrence of peak pressure (TOPP), maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR), maximum heat release (MHR) and temperature of exhaust emissions at exhaust port opening (EPO). The performance parameters, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics were determined at full load operation of the engine, while, BTE was determined at peak load operation. Alcohol-gasoline blend fueled copper coated combustion chamber considerably improved the performance, reduced the pollutants with sponge iron catalyst in the catalytic converter fitted to the exhaust pipe, and improved the combustion parameters over conventional engine with pure gasoline operation.
Strojarstvo
Preliminary note In the presented study, the effects of using dual-spark plug and variation of the spark plug location on the exhaust emissions of an SI engine operating in different conditions were investigated theoretically. A quasi-dimensional two-zone thermodynamic cycle model was developed for this purpose. CO 2 , CO and NO concentrations in the exhaust emissions were determined for each of operating condition. Obtained results showed that there are considerable effects using dual-ignition and varying spark plug location on exhaust emissions. Using dual-ignition decreases exhaust emissions especially by shortening flame travel length and minimizing combustion duration. Istraživanje efekta dvojnog paljenja na emisiju izlaznih plinova kod SI motora koji radi u različitim uvjetima koristeći kvazi-dimenzionalni termodinamički ciklički model Prethodno priopćenje U radu se teorijski istražuju efekti korištenja dvije svjećice i varijacije njihova položaja na emisije SI motora pri njih...
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
In recent years, the internal combustion engine-powered vehicles have come under massive attack due to the various problems created by them and the most serious of these is air pollution. In the present era, there are many emissions from the automobile such as Carbon-mono-oxide (CO), Unburned Hydrocarbons (UBHC), Oxide of Nitrogen (NOX), Soot and other particulate emissions and to reduce these engines exhaust emissions, fuel composition plays a vital role. For effective combustion, various parameters like cetane number, specific heat capacity, latent heat of evaporation and Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, etc. are essential. The first approach which has used in this investigation is the modification of fuel in the diesel engine to minimise its exhaust gases emission and their impacts on the environment. Exhaust emission is one of a kind emission, contributing to the greenhouse effect in the world. In this study the blend formulation between Ethanol, Antioxidant and Diesel Fuel were prepared on which experiments continued on a single-cylinder water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine using 0% (neat diesel fuel), 10 % (E10-D), 15% (E15-D), and 22.5% (E22.5-D) and 25% (E25-D) Ethanol and Diesel blended fuels and further adding 2% antioxidant on abovementioned composition. The performance of diesel engine simulated at 1,350-1,450 rpm with 8-10 kg engine loads. After the completion of the investigation, from the result analysis, we came to know that the NOX level in emissions decreases with ethanol and antioxidants as compared to pure diesel. The result of our work successfully reduces NOX, the most obnoxious emissions.