Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immediate early gene activity (original) (raw)
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Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV): Molecular biology and oncogenesis
2009
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a double-stranded DNA herpesvirus belonging to the c-herpesvirinae subfamily. KSHV has been associated with the development of three neoplastic diseases: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). In this review, we discuss the three KSHV-associated malignancies, KSHV genome, latent and lytic aspects of the viral lifecycle, putative viral oncogenes, as well as therapeutic regimens used for the treatment of KS, PEL, and MCD.
Latent BK virus infection and Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis
International Journal of Cancer, 1996
We have analyzed by PCR skin lesions from classic, endemic and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), as well as from KS-derived cell lines, the presence of ubiquitous transforming viruses. BK virus (BKV), a transforming human papovavirus which has been associated with human tumors, was detected in IOOYO of KS skin lesions and 75% of KS cell lines. KS specimens contained a full-length, intact BKV early region, but minor rearrangements were observed in some tumors. BKV was also detected with a high prevalence (57-67%) in genital tissues and sperm, thus fulfilling the role of a sexually transmitted agent in KS. The closely related JC virus (JCV), which has never been associated with human malignancies, was present in I I-2Ooh of KS specimens and was detected with a low prevalence 0-2 I YO) in genital tissues and sperm. Simian virus 40 (SV40) was not detected in any KS lesions. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sequences were detected in 20-25% of KS lesions. Malignant human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 and benign HPV types 6 and I I were detected in KS specimens with a similar prevalence of I1-83Oh. suggesting that the presence of HPVtransforming sequences is not a specific trait of HPV interaction with KS tissue. Furthermore, JCV, SV40, HSV and HPV DNA sequences were not detected in KS cell lines, suggesting that these viruses are not associated to KS neoplastic cells in KS tissue. KS cell lines were also negative for DNA sequences of KS-HV, the novel herpesvirus detected in primary KS lesions. The constant association of BKV DNA with KS lesions and KS cell lines suggests that BKV-transforming functions may participate in the development of KS.
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus pathogenesis
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2017
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), taxonomical name human gammaherpesvirus 8, is a phylogenetically old human virus that co-evolved with human populations, but is now only common (seroprevalence greater than 10%) in sub-Saharan Africa, around the Mediterranean Sea, parts of South America and in a few ethnic communities. KSHV causes three human malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and many cases of the plasmablastic form of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) as well as occasional cases of plasmablastic lymphoma arising from MCD; it has also been linked to rare cases of bone marrow failure and hepatitis. As it has colonized humans physiologically for many thousand years, cofactors are needed to allow it to unfold its pathogenic potential. In most cases, these include immune defects of genetic, iatrogenic or infectious origin, and inflammation appears to play an important role in disease development. Our much improved understanding of its life cycle and its ...
Cancer, 1996
BACKGROUND. The evidence of an infectious agent other than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acting as a possible etiologic cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has received considerable attention in the last years. Recently, DNA sequences from a new herpesvirus (HHV-8) have been observed in several cases of KS. The discovery suggests that this virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of KS. To evaluate these results, we determined the frequency of HHV-8 DNA sequences in 78 specimens of KS according to different epidemiologic origins (sporadic KS: 6, immunosuppressive drug-associated: 11, and AIDS-associated: 61), clinical forms (cutaneous: 69, mucocutaneous: 4 and visceral: 5) and histologic variants (earlypatch: 40, late-plaque or nodular: 38).
Spectrum of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, or Human Herpesvirus 8, Diseases
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2002
SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), discovered in 1994, is a human rhadinovirus (gamma-2 herpesvirus). Unlike other human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6, and HHV-7), it is not widespread in the general population and has many unique proteins. HHV-8 is strongly associated with all subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease, and a rare form of B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma. In addition, HHV-8 DNA sequences have been found in association with other diseases, but the role of the virus in these diseases is largely unconfirmed and remains controversial. The seroprevalence of HHV-8, based on detection of latent and lytic proteins, is 2 to 5% in healthy donors except in certain geographic areas where the virus is endemic, 80 to 95% in classic KS patients, and 40 to 50% in HIV-1 patients without KS. This viru...
The Lancet, 1995
colleagues (Sept 23, p 799) report that the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in blood precedes and presages Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). One of their hypotheses is that KSHV may infect endothelial cells and promote their transformation in spindle cells with the help of cofactors under the control of the immune system. If this hypothesis is correct and admits a monoclonal origin of KS,' KSHV should be found in the different progressive histological stages of the disease.
Seroepidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
Seminars in Cancer Biology, 1999
Since the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus KSHV ) also referred to as HHV-8, human herpesvirus-8 was discovered it has been shown that the virus is associated with ( ) all cases of Kaposi's sarcoma KS classical, endemic, or AIDS associated. In the numerous countries where the seroprevalence of this virus has been studied, data demonstrate that the virus is not ubiquitous in general healthy human populations as is the case with other human herpesviruses. Many seroprevalence studies to detect antibodies to HHV-8 have now been conducted using a variety of immunologic techniques. While these assays are not in total agreement and may overstate or understate the positivity of sera in the general population, they all show similar general antibody trends. For general populations the seroprevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is the highest, approximately 40% positive; in Mediterranean countries the seroprevalence is approximately 10%; whereas northern European, southeast Asian, and Caribbean countries have seroprevalence rates in the 2á4% range. In the United States, a ' mixing bowl' country the seroprevalence is in the range of 5á20%. In people with KS whether AIDS associated, classical, or endemic and other HHV-8 associated diseases such as multicentric Castleman's disease and certain body cavity lympho-( ) ( ) mas BCL , also called primary effusion lymphoma PEL the seroprevalency rates are ) 90%. In populations with HIV-1 infection but no diagnosis of KS, the seroprevalency ( ) rates are elevated 20á50% above those in the general population except in southeast Asia and the Caribbean where no AIDS associated KS has been reported. No correlation has been found between the presence of KSHV antibodies and other malignancies. Key words: HHV-8 r Kaposi's sarcoma r KSHV r seroepidemiology r seroprevalence áŽ1999 Academic Press From the