using social media for hate speech is not fredoom of speech (original) (raw)
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Online hate speech and the safety of Internet users
SECURITY DIMENSIONS, 2019
Background: Hate speech is a very important problem nowadays. One can meet it in one's immediate surroundings (conversations with friends), the media, the Internet, or in the so-called public space (for example, inscriptions on the walls). One form of hate speech is online hate speech, which, together with certain other phenomena, is referred to as hejt in the Polish language. The authors of the article focus on presenting online hate speech in relation to various age and social groups. Objectives: The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of hate speech on the web and its impact on the safety of Internet users. Methods: The article uses basic theoretical and empirical methods. Content published on the Internet is analyzed and case studies are described. Interviews with experts (psychologists, police officers, sociologists, media and hate speech specialists) were also conducted and their views are presented. Conclusions: In the discussion about hate speech, prevention is extremely important. According to the authors, broad prevention consisting of professionally prepared content, enriched with film materials, presented by an expert or a trained teacher, should be included in the core curriculum of schools as one of the mandatory issues raised during the lessons.
Hate speech and social media: Combating a dangerous relationship
Media Education, 2023
The article proposes a reflection on the configuration of the contemporary digital agorà as a powerful 'hate factory' , focusing on the dangers deriving from pervasive and planetary practices of divisive news construction and sharing trough the social media. In the first part, it will be argued that the increase of lexical choices based on hate or verbal violence must be connected to the characteristics of the contemporary hybrid media system, and considered as a concrete threat for democracies, which challenges institutions to find innovative ways to face it at a legislative as well as at a cultural level. In the second part of the article, some EU recent normative actions against hate speech will be presented in order to underline links with the 2022 "Code on hate speech", promoted by Italian Authority for Communications (AGCOM) in Italy: this document established the binding criteria for the programming of Italian audiovisual media service providers, in order to prevent and combat hate speech by avoiding any dissemination, justification, minimization of violence, hatred or discrimination both in information and entertainment. From all these institutional initiatives clearly emerges the need to reinforce the legal framework for tackling hate speech and discrimination, starting from the normative lack of strict rules in many European countries.
Hate Speech Forms and Implications in English and Kurdish Social Media
Journal of University of Human Development
Social media platforms have become a favorable way of communication, sharing opinion and views about different topics around the world freely. Freedom of expression or free speech is the right to say whatever one likes; it has been sometimes conflated with hate speech. The latter is a public communication that expresses hate or advocates violence toward a person or group based on their race, religion or sex. The aim of the current study is to see the reactions of Kurdish and English commentators on similar political posts on Facebook platform, and what forms of hate speech were used more in each of them based on Bahador’s (2020) Intense Scale of Hate Speech model. After analyzing three similar posts, it has been concluded that the majority of the English commentators used negative character, while the majority of the Kurdish commentators used Dehumanization and Demonization, in which it was only found in one comment on the English posts.
Hate speech review in the context of online social networks
Aggression and Violent Behavior
Advances in Internet Technologies (ITs) and online social networks have made more benefits to humanity. At the same time, the dark side of this growth/benefit has led to increased hate speech and terrorism as most common and powerful threats globally. Hate speech is an offensive kind of communication mechanism that expresses an ideology of hate using stereotypes. Hate speech targets different protected characteristics such as gender, religion, race, and disability. Control of hate speech can be made using different national and international legal frameworks. Any intentional act directed against life or related entities causing a common danger is known as terrorism. There is a common practice of discussing or debating hate speech and terrorism separately. In the recent past, most of the research articles have discussed either hate speech or terrorism. Hate speech is a type of terrorism and follows an incident or trigger event of terrorism. Online social networks are the result of ITs and evolved rapidly through the popularity among youth. As both the activities are near to close and makes use of online social networks, the collective discussion is appropriate. Therefore we have a review on hate speech with different classes and terrorism with cyber use in the framework of online social networks. With the help of combined effort from the government, the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and online social networks, the proper policies can be framed to counter both hate speech and terrorism efficiently and effectively.
The Future of Social Crime Control in the Hate Speech in Social Media with Media Literacy
ICCD, 2021
Many media develop and in the end make people not only as spectators or consumers of information but also as producers of information. Information technology is currently developing rapidly, quickly, easily, and very sophisticatedly, so that it becomes a necessity and lifestyle for the world community without exception, people in Indonesia are also affected by the development of information technology at this time. One aspect of technological development is the emergence of many social media sites such as Google or Mozilla Firefox and others, but the most popular among social media users include Facebook. The development of social media such as Facebook not only has a positive impact, but also has a negative impact, resulting in various types of violations and even crimes. Acts or crimes what needs serious attention is the crime of hate speech. Hate speech can be control by media literacy because its perspective that is used actively, when individuals access the media with the aim o...
Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi, 2014
The aim of this paper is to explain the need for a revision of the term "hate speech" in the era of Web 2.0 and to introduce two new terms into the literature of hate speech with the help of application of "speech act theory", that is "hate discourse" and "hate speech act." The need for the revision arises from the examination of the methodology used to analyze hate speech, which is critical discourse analysis (CDA). Even though CDA seems fairly sufficient for hate speech analysis in traditional media, it could be rather difficult to apply into the analysis of hate speech disseminated in social media because of the nature of the tremendous data found in Web 2.0. Therefore it is believed that these two new terms could be beneficial to find more practical and new ways to combat against hate speech disseminated through social media.
Hate Speech: The Phenomenon of Offensive Language
KnE Social Sciences
A characteristic inherent in a democratic State is a guarantee of freedom of opinion and expression by every citizen. However, the space for freedom cannot be misused to express various ideas or views so that it becomes a tool to attack human rights and the freedom of others manifested in the form of hate speech. Acts of hate speech are currently getting more and more attention from various circles, not only for law enforcers and practitioners, politicians, information and communication technology experts. But it is also a very serious concern for the Indonesian government to form and give birth to regulations concerning to handling of hate speech. Moreover, caring for diversity and harmonization in diversity in the era of globalization of information technology is the biggest challenge today. In this study, phenomenology is used as research design whereas purposive sampling from online media is used to collect the data. The aim is to maintain unity in the midst of a multicultural c...
JOURNAL OF AWARENESS
Cyber hate speech has been increasing rapidly in Turkey, as in the rest of the world, the devastating effects of the cyber hate speech on youth is irrefutable. It has been seen that the rate of cyber hate speech among youth is relatively higher in Istanbul and Izmir. Stop Cyber Hate Speech, E friendship is possible project aims to inform and raise awareness among youth aged 18-30 from vairous backgrounds about cyber hate speech. The project was implemented in Izmir and Istanbul,with twenty youth from the host community and twenty youth from different backgrounds. Throughout the project, online and in-person trainings focused on cyber hate speech were implemented in these chosen cities. Education workshops from guest speakers along with the interactive activities were part of the training program. A dissemination stage of the project included daily informative instagram posts, online live sessions with experts on cyber hate speech and online workshops to increase the sustainability o...