Where is the Land of Sura of the Hieroglyphic Luwian inscription KARKAMIŠ A4b and Why Were Cappadocians Called Syrians by Greeks? (original) (raw)

The Mighty Weapon of Tarhunt

Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday. P. S. Avetisyan, R. Dan, and Y. H. Grekyan (eds.). Oxford: Archaeopress., 2019

The Luwian noun /warp(i)-/, attested mostly in hieroglyphic transmission, is traditionally interpreted as ‘virtue’, ‘courage’, ‘skill’ or the designation of other abstract positive qualities. The comprehensive analysis of contexts where this noun occurs is conducive to demonstrating that it denoted a physical object ‘weapon, tool’. This conclusion is reached based on the application of the combinatory method and, where applicable, the analysis of parallel contexts in the related traditions. The concluding section of the paper addresses the possible etymological connections of /warp(i)-/ ‘weapon, tool’.

Defendenti 2015 - Le pouvoir royal proche-oriental au Ier millénaire av. J.-C. : Le cas du royaume de Tabal en Anatolie méridionale

Les mises en scènes de l'autorité dans l'Antiquité. Actes du colloque "Expressions et Représentations de l'Autorité dans les Mondes Anciens", ENS de Lyon du 20 au 22 novembre 2013, 2015

Dès le XIIe siècle av. J.-C., après la chute de l’empire hit­tite, qui avait dominé l’Anatolie ainsi que la Syrie du Nord pen­dant la deuxième moitié du IIe mil­lé­naire, toute une série d’états de dimen­sions loca­les se for­ment dans les mêmes régions. Ces royau­mes ont été appe­lés par les cher­cheurs « états néo-hit­ti­tes », sou­li­gnant ainsi leurs liens cultu­rels et poli­ti­ques forts avec les tra­di­tions de l’empire hit­tite, dont ils ont avaient conservé une des lan­gues et une des écritures offi­ciel­les : le lou­vite hié­ro­gly­phi­que. En Anatolie méri­dio­nale, un des ces états néo-hit­ti­tes, dési­gné, par les textes néo-assy­riens contem­po­rains, par le nom de « Tabal », déve­loppe une image bien défi­nie de la royauté, connue sur­tout par une série de stèles et d’ins­crip­tions en lou­vite hié­ro­gly­phi­que, gra­vées sur la roche, selon l’héri­tage de la pro­pa­gande royale impé­riale hit­tite. Dans le corpus des ins­crip­tions de Tabal l’auto­rité locale se pré­sente selon un modèle hié­ra­ti­que, met­tant en évidence ses rela­tions avec les divi­ni­tés, tandis qu’on n’y trouve aucune allu­sion aux contacts avec les autres enti­tés poli­ti­ques contem­po­rai­nes, comme l’empire néo-assy­rien ou les autres états néo-hit­ti­tes. Les rois de Tabal se pré­sen­tent à leur public comme s’ils étaient le seul pou­voir au monde ; monde qui d’ailleurs, pour eux, cor­res­pon­dait juste au ter­ri­toire du Tabal. L'article pro­pose une ana­lyse de ces sour­ces épigraphiques et ico­no­gra­phi­ques, d’un point de vue typo­lo­gi­que ainsi que de leurs conte­nus, qui mettra en évidence la façon selon laquelle la royauté de Tabal choi­sit de mettre en scène son auto­rité, refu­sant de ren­trer dans une dyna­mi­que extra­ré­gio­nale et dans une his­toire « glo­bale », pour­tant typi­ques de la tra­di­tion hit­tite. À la même époque, les chan­cel­le­ries de l’état assy­rien pré­sen­tent par contre la royauté dans une pers­pec­tive impé­riale, comme un pou­voir uni­ver­sel, des­tiné à domi­ner le monde entier.

Where Did the Kings of Danuna of EA 151 rule?

In: Jana Mynářová – Pavel Onderka – Peter Pavúk (eds.): There and Back Again – the Crossroads II. Proceedings of an International Conference Held in Prague, September 15-18, 2014. Prague, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, 2015, 391-408.

The Scripts of North Syria in the Early First Millennium: The Inscription of Yariri (KARKAMIŠ A15b) Once Again

À la lumière des récentes découvertes et développements, cet essai aborde à nouveau la question des identifications des écritures nommées dans l'inscription de Yariri (KARKAMIù A15b). Sur la base de la bilingue louvito-phénicienne de Çineköy en conjonction avec une analyse des autres occurrences du mot « Assyrie » dans le corpus hiéroglyphique louvite, il démontre que le premier signe (*448) de la deuxième écriture nommée doit être interprété comme zú au lieu de sù. Ainsi, il devrait être identifié avec le Tyrien, autrement dit, l'écriture phénicienne. Il discute aussi les questions multiples et complexes de la quatrième écriture, taimani-, en arguant que le mot est très probablement dérivé du sémitique tymn « sud » et devrait sans doute être identifié avec l'écriture « nord-arabique ancienne » 1. Around 800 BCE, on a basalt statue base which supported his own statue (now missing), a eunuch and regent of the royal family of Karkamiš named Yariri inscribed a dedicatory inscription in Hieroglyphic Luwian (KARKAMIŠ A15b) 2. The text describes his irrigation and building 1. It is a privilege to offer this study in honor of Professor André Lemaire, who has done so much to advance the understanding of the scripts and languages of the ancient Near East. 2.

Harmanşah, Ömür; 2011. "Moving Landscapes, Making Place: Cities, Monuments and Commemoration at Malizi/Melid " Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 24.1: 55-83.

The urbanization of Syro-Hittite (Luwian and Aramaean) states is one of most complex yet little explored regional processes in Near Eastern history and archaeology. In this study, I discuss aspects of landscape and settlement change in northern Syria and southeastern Anatolia during the Early Iron Age (ca. 1200–850 BC), and suggest that the emergent geo-politics of the region involved the foundation of cities and construction of specific types of commemorative monuments including rock reliefs, steles and city gates. While defining new forms of territorial power, these monuments linked local polities to a shared Hittite past through their literary and visual rhetoric, and a discourse of inherited agricultural land. To contextualize the subject matter, I first discuss the gradual southward shift of an imperial Hittite center of power from central Anatolia towards Karkamiš and Tarhuntašša at the end of the Late Bronze Age, arguing against the widespread models of a sudden collapse of the Hittite Empire followed by dark ages. Furthermore, I present archaeological and epigraphic evidence for the formation of the regional state Malizi/Melid. This Syro-Hittite kingdom established itself in the Malatya-Elbistan Plains in eastern Turkey during the first centuries of the Early Iron Age as one of the earliest political entities to emerge from the ashes of the Hittite Empire. Monuments raised by Malizean ‘country lords’ in rural and urban contexts suggest a picture of a fluid landscape in transition, one that was configured through the construction of cities, and other practices of place-making.

Ahhiyawa and Danu(na): Greek ethnic groups in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Light of Old and New Hieroglyphic-Luwian Evidence, in: Niesiołowski-Spano, Ł. – Węcowski, M. (eds.) Change, Continuity, and Connectivity, 2018, 23-56.

2018

The topic of the present contribution is two ethnic terms of likely Aegean origin specified in the title, which appear, in different guises, in written sources of the late 2nd and early 1st millennium BC across the entire Eastern Mediterranean, from Egypt in the South to the Levant to Cilicia in the North (besides the Aegean itself). My discussion of them will be, however, not quite the same. As for the first one, Ahhiyawa or Hiyawa, I will summarize the recent discussion revolving around recognition of this name in the Hieroglyphic-Luwian inscription KARATEPE, adding some details and placing it in a more general historical context. The second and central part of the paper will concern Danu(na), in which a full linguistic reassessment of this term and a revision of different sources which mention it will be offered. The third part will discuss the distinction between the two terms, also touching upon the problem of ethnolinguistic boundaries in Late Bronze Age Greece.

THE PALEOGRAPHY OF ANATOLIAN HIEROGLYPHIC STONE INSCRIPTIONS

The present article seeks to provide an overview of aims, problems, and possible lines of inquiry as suggested by the thorough investigation of one of the Anatolian hieroglyphic signs *439 (wa/i), one of the most frequent signs, and one characterized by paleographic variants. The paper defines the chronological and geographic distribution of the variants, thus offering it as a new criterion for the dating and provenience of Anatolian hieroglyphic texts. It also offers an interpretation to the development of this sign in the context of the general development of the writing system from the twelfth to the end of the eighth centuries BCE.

“In the Shadow of Phoenicia: North Syria and ‘Palestinian Syria’ in Herodotus” Journal of Hellenic Studies 138 (2018) 67-79

Journal of Hellenic Studies, 2018

Scrutiny of Herodotus’ ethnographic accounts of northern Syria and the region he calls ‘Palestinian Syria’ reveals oddities and inconsistencies. Here it is argued that such problems may be resolved if a fundamental fact is recognized: the enormous early literary prestige of the Phoenicians has obscured the historical roles of these other peoples in the Histories. The character and extent of this process, specifically as it bears on Syria-Palestine during Iron Age II, is analysed here. It is hoped that a new appreciation of the Syrians as an ethnicity may be gained as a result. It is suggested as well that for important historical problems researchers should ascertain whether Herodotus is not actually talking about Syrians when he discusses Phoenicians.

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From Lower Land to Cappadocia

Extraction and Control: Studies in Honor of Matthew W. Stolper (ed. M. Kozuh et al.). Chicago: Oriental Institute, 2014, pp. 347-52.

Dinçol, A., Dinçol, B., Hawkins, J. D., Marchetti, N., & Peker, H. (2014). A Stele by Suhi I from Karkemish. Orientalia, 83(2), pp. 143–153.

The northern border of Tabal

In: Alice Mouton (ed.): Hittitology Today: Studies on Hittite and Neo-Hittite Anatolia in Honor of Emmanuel Laroche’s 100th Birthday. Istanbul, Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes Georges Dumézil – CNRS USR 3131, 2017, 201-211.