Comparison of 3D accuracy of terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry: an archaeological case study (original) (raw)
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CIPA, 2003
We present here the first steps towards the development of a tool for architectural and patrimonial survey which combines the laser scanning techniques, close range photogrammetry and a fine analysis closer to the studied field, here architecture and archaeology. The present work is the result of a join cooperation between, INN.TEC.srl, an Italian Innovation Technology Consortium, with a Center of Competence (Topotek) specialized in geomatic problems and in particular in the treatment of cloud of 3D points coming from Laser scanner, a French CNRS laboratory working on close range photogrammetry in the context of architecture and archaeology and a laboratory from the university of Rome III, specialized in the representation of architecture. We present a knowledge based survey tool which combines mixed means of Laser Scanner and photogrammetry measurement. The statement is articulated in three phases:
2003
We present here the first steps towards the development of a tool for architectural and patrimonial survey which combines the laser scanning techniques, close range photogrammetry and a fine analysis closer to the studied field, here architecture and archaeology. The present work is the result of a join cooperation between, INN.TEC.srl, an Italian Innovation Technology Consortium, with a Center of Competence (Topotek) specialized in geomatic problems and in particular in the treatment of cloud of 3D points coming from Laser scanner, a French CNRS laboratory working on close range photogrammetry in the context of architecture and archaeology and a laboratory from the university of Rome III, specialized in the representation of architecture. We present a knowledge based survey tool which combines mixed means of Laser Scanner and photogrammetry measurement. The statement is articulated in three phases:
3D Survey in Complex Archaeological Environments: An Approach by Terrestrial Laser Scanning
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2018
The survey of archaeological sites by appropriate geomatics technologies is an important research topic. In particular, the 3D survey by terrestrial laser scanning has become a common practice for 3D archaeological data collection. Even if terrestrial laser scanning survey is quite well established, due to the complexity of the most archaeological contexts, many issues can arise and make the survey more difficult. The aim of this work is to describe the methodology chosen for a terrestrial laser scanning survey in a complex archaeological environment according to the issues related to the particular structure of the site. The developed approach was used for the terrestrial laser scanning survey and documentation of a part of the archaeological site of Elaiussa Sebaste in Turkey. The proposed technical solutions have allowed providing an accurate and detailed 3D dataset of the study area. In addition, further products useful for archaeological analysis were also obtained from the 3D ...
Journal of Archaeological …, 2010
Graphic and metric archaeological documentation is an activity that requires the capture of information from different sources, accurate processing and comprehensive analysis. If monitoring of the state of conservation is required, this task has to be performed before intervention, during and after the completion of the works in a repetitive way. This paper presents the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in order to effectively produce, prior to intervention, accurate and high-resolution 3D models of a cave with engravings dating back to the Upper Palaeolithic era. The processing of the TLS data is discussed in detail in order to create digital surface models. The complexity of the cave required the integration of two techniques, TLS and close range photogrammetry to yield not only traditional drawings such as sections and elevations, but also photo-realistic perspective views and visual navigation worlds fully operational in 3D environments. This paper demonstrates the potential of integrating TLS and close range photogrammetry to provide both accurate digital surface models and photo-realistic outputs. This processed data can be used to systematically improve archaeological understanding of complex caves and relief panels of prehistoric art with tiny engravings.
B-1 Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning for Archaeological Site 3D Modeling- Some Critical Issues
2014
Abstract. This work is part of a thesis for the School of Specialization in Archaeology at the University of Trieste, Italy. The goal of the project is to test and evaluate 3D surveying and modeling methods to document the remaining ancient byzantine city walls of the archaeological site of Aquileia in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. The objectives are threefold: (1) to use 3D data to create maps and sections that provide information useful for archaeological purposes such as the investigation of architectural construction techniques or construction phases, (2) to evaluate and compare photogrammetric and laser scanner data in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the two 3D surveying techniques for archaeological applications and needs and (3) draw broader conclusions about the applicability of photogrammetry and laser scanning for documenting and analyzing ancient walls within a particular set of environmental circumstances. The paper presents the employed 3D surveyin...
The “Convento de Cristo”, located in the city of Tomar, represents the best that has been produced in the history of Portuguese architecture. This monumental site, built between the 12th and 17th century, includes a Templar castle and a convent of the Order of Christ, and is classified as World Heritage by UNESCO since 1983. In this paper we intend to discuss the potential and usability of the methods and tools of digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to the recording and production of base documentation as support to heritage interventions. A set of documentary case studies accomplished in this monumental site will be presented. In these case studies documentation for stratigraphical analysis prior to Rehabilitation and Restoration planning design, was produced regarding the knowledge of the historical and cultural evolution of the site. The archaeological recording was done at the level of deposits and walls. In the same context, documentation as support to Conservation interventions was also produced. The following approaches were used: i) rectified photography as a low-cost and very practical method, ii) automatic three dimensional reconstruction from multiple images with the state-of-the-art structure-from-motion (SFM) software VSFM (Visual SFM), followed by a dense reconstruction with the multi-view-stereo software CMVS+PMVS, in a approach that minimized the processing time, maintaining quality of output, iii) TLS as a tool for geometric and radiometric survey, iv) image interpretation and processing of TLS reflectance images as a tool for the differentiation of materials and constructive systems and assessment of the conservation state. Three dimensional data enabled spatial comparison between the phases of excavation. The complimentary potential between the techniques of TLS and automatic photogrammetry was demonstrated by using low altitude aerial images (taken with helium balloon with remotely controlled digital camera) allowing a more comprehensive documentation, in particular in those situations where TLS presents limitations (higher parts of buildings). Interpretation and processing of TLS reflectance images was demonstrated to be a valid tool for the inquiry of the architectural object that allows one to extract relevant information both for Archaeology and Conservation. It was possible to distinguish between several types of joints (even to perceive early interventions done with cement mortars), to detect several constructive patterns through the analysis of the stone cuts, to calculate a vegetation index, and to differentiate between organic and inorganic materials.
In this paper, the accuracy of 3D models of both laser scanning and photogrammetry is discussed for terrestrial applications. The models constructed by photogrammetry are based on digital stereoscopic restitution and structure from motion. These models, and the models generated by processing laser scanning data, are statistically compared with topographic measurements by a total station. The textquoteleft Sint-Baafstextquoteright Abbey (Ghent, Belgium) is used as a test case in this paper. This historic site contains a series of buildings and ruins, and from these objects, a number of exterior walls are selected for virtual 3D reconstruction. Firstly, the outlines and characteristic points of these walls are measured by a total station. Secondly, a series of extra targets are measured with total station as well, in order to correctly orientate and register multiple point sets from the terrestrial laser scanner. Based on previous research in comparable projects, the angular resolutio...
Applied Sciences
The discovery of a Roman mosaic from the 2nd century AD in Cantillana (Seville) generated interest and the need for exhaustive documentation, so that it could be recreated with real measurements in a 3D model, not only to obtain an exact replica, but with the intention of analyzing and studying the behavior of two main geomatics techniques. Thus, the objective of this study was the comparative analysis of both techniques: near object photogrammetry by SfM and terrestrial laser scanner or TLS. The aim of this comparison was to assess the use of both techniques in archaeological excavations. Special attention was paid to the accuracy and precision of measurements and models, especially in altimetry. Mosaics are frequently relocated from their original location to be exhibited in museums or for restoration work, after which they are returned to their original place. Therefore, the altimetric situation is of special relevance. To analyze the accuracy and errors of each technique, a tota...
USING 3D LASER SCANNERS ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
In order to fully understand and interpret an archaeological site, it must be recorded and documented in detail. There are two types of archaeological documentation -the, so-called, direct surveys which usually include a pencil, piece of paper and a tape measure, and the second type which includes indirect techniques like total stations, 3D optical instruments, drones or a simple camera. More time to collect data is required when applying the first approach, meaning that more people are a prerequisite for speeding up the process, which leads to "not fully precise" and subjective data acquisition. On the other hand, indirect techniques, like 3D laser scanning discussed in this paper, are less time consuming and provide more accurate documentation. 3D scanning may also improve object accessibility, can aid expert understanding, and enhance relations with the general public.