Chemical composition of essential oils from some Salvia species (original) (raw)
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis from Algeria
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2007
The essential oil for the present investigation was obtained from the air-dried leave + flowers of Salvia cryptantha as described in the experimental. Composition of water-distilled essential oils of S. cryptantha growing wild in Turkey were analysed by GC and GC-MS. At least 16 compounds were isolated and identified, corresponding to 98.5 % of the oil. The major compounds were camphor (25.6 %), 1,8-cineole (20.3 %), β-pinene (12.8 %), n-hexane (10.6 %), heptane (8.9 %), borneol (5.1 %) and α-pinene (4.1 %). The oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes.
Composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. from various European countries
Natural Product Research, 2007
Variations in the essential oil composition of Sulvkr ofJicinulis L. growirtg in Estonia ancl in other European countries were determined. The oils rvere obtained in yields ol 2.2-24,8mLkg-r. In three samples, the content of essentiirl oil did not conform to the EP standarcl (l0mLkg-r). Varialions in the essential oil composition of serge were studied using capillary gas chromatographic methods. A total ol 40 comportents were identified. The principal colnponents in the sage oils rvere 1,8-cineole, ciunphor, a-thujone, p-thu.ione. borneol, and yiridiflorol. The chenotypes ol sage were not determined in investigated samples. The concentration of the rnain compounds in the drugs cultivated in Estonia varied in about the same ralnge as the concentrations ol'these compounds in the oils of drugs obtained fronr other countries. The comparatively high concentration oltoxic thujones seenl to be chirtacteristic to sage leaves cultivated in Estoniir.
Chemical Investigation of decanted and hydrophilic fractions of Salvia sclarea essential oil
The decanted and recovered (hydrophilic fraction) essential oils of Salvia sclarea obtained from a field distillation unit and Clevenger apparatus distilled essential oil were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 20 components representing 96.45 %-99.53 % of the oils were identified. The major components of the oils were linalool (27.08 %-62.51 %), linalyl acetate (nil-43.01 %), α-terpineol (2.12 %-20.58 %), β-myrcene (2.03 %-7.29 %), geraniol (0.74 %-4.84 %), (E)-β-ocimene (1.19 %-4.83 %) and geranyl acetate (0.36 %-3.11 %). The oxygenated monoterpenes were found to be higher in the recovered oil (90.28 %) followed by Clevenger distilled oil (87.13 %) and decanted oil (80.39 %). Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were found to be higher in the decanted oil (17.38 % and 1.45 %, respectively) compared with Clevenger oil (11.38 % and 0.64 %, respectively) and recovered oil (6.06 % and nil, respectively). One of the major components of the decanted oil, linalyl acetate, was not present in the recovered oil obtained from the field distillation unit.
Comparison of Salvia sclarea L. Essential Oil Components in Wild and Field Population
Aerial parts of Salvia sclarea were collected in full flowering stage from natural sites on June 2011. Also, the seeds of this plant cultivated in research farm on November 2011. Aerial parts of the cultivated plants harvested at full flowering stage. The essential oils (Eos) obtained by hydro-distillation of dried aerial parts and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty components were characterized for cultivated plants with linalyl acetate (35.9%), germacrene D (13.3%), linalool (12.8%) and sclareol (9.27%) dominating constituents, 45 constituents were identified for wild plants with linalyl acetate (34.0%), linalool (18.5%), germacrene D (10.0%) and sclareol (8.7%) as the major constituents.
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2009
The chemical compounds identified from the essential oils of the leaves, flowers and fruits of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC. (Rutaceae) cultivated in Vietnam are being reported. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation while the chemical constituents were analysed by means of gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28, 35 and 26 compounds accounting for 98.6 %, 99.7 % and 92.3 % of the total oil contents were identified respectively from the leaf, flower and fruit oil. The major constituents of the leaf oil were (E, E)-α-farnesene (19.6 %), β-elemene (17.3 %), βcaryophyllene (15.3 %), α-humulene (12.3 %) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (11.4 %). However, β-elemene (23.7 %), β-caryophyllene (22.8 %), β-selinene (18.2 %) and phytol (9.4 %) were the principal components of the flower oil while the fruit oil comprised mainly of limonene (41.2 %), sabinene (18.0 %) and terpinen-4-ol (6.6 %).
Essential Oil Constituents of Salvia argentea L. from Tunisia: Phenological Variations
The essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of Salvia argentea L. were analyzed at three developmental stages (vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages). The highest content of oil (0.15%, w/w) was obtained at full flowering. The current study showed consistent compositional variations among the three studied stages. In fact, manool and manoyl oxide characterised the vegetative stage while viridiflorol, camphor, methyl eugenol and 1,8-cineole prevailed during flowering and the fruiting phase was marked by the prevalence of viridiflorol, Į-humulene, ȕ-ionone and methyl eugenol. Additionally, a wide array of bioactive terpenic compounds was commonly found at different stages, making S. argentea an advocated herb in pharmaceutical science.
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2018
In this study, 18 specimens of the genus Salvia representing 4 species, Salvia multicaulis Vahl, Salvia reuteriana Boiss., Salvia virgata Jacq. and Salvia syriaca L., were collected from their natural habitats throughout southwest Iran. The essential oil (EO) content of each specimen was extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and then was characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry methods. The EO content ranged from 0.03 to 0.5 % (w/w) and 38 components were detected in the samples. The main components were found to be caryophyllene oxide (52.4 %), (E)-caryophyllene (37.7 %), germacrene-B (35.5 %), germacrene-D (23.8 %), α-pinene (17.2 %), bicyclogermacrene (15 %), spathulenol (15 %) and linalool acetate (14.4 %). The relative composition of compounds was used to carry out a chemotaxonomic study on the species using hierarchical cluster analysis. The specimens fell into four chemotype groups based on the seven major constituents. Results showed a significant variation in content and composition of EO both within and among Salvia species. The differences of the EO content and composition of Salvia species could be used to differentiate among the species.
GC and GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. growing wild in Lebanon
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. (Lamiaceae), growing wild in Lebanon, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC-MS. Ninety-two compounds, representing 92.7% of the oil, were identified. The major components were hexadecanoic acid (15.5%), phytol (5.4%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (4.6%), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (4.5%) and 4-vinylguaiacol (4.4%).