Market work and household work as deterrents to schooling in Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Is child work a deterrent to school attendance and school attainment?: Evidence from Bangladesh
International Journal of Social Economics, 2011
Purpose-The aim of this paper is to examine the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5-17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach-This paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child's time input in schooling; then it measures the "schooling-for-age" as a learning achievement or schooling outcome using logistic regression models. Findings-The results from this paper show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender-disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. The results further reveal that child work has the highest impact on schooling of Bangladeshi children, followed by supply side correlates (presence of a school in the community), parental education and household income, respectively. Practical implications-The results obtained in this paper are of interest to policy makers seeking to design policies that increase school outcome and reduce child labor. Originality/value-The paper contributes to the limited empirical literature that has explored the impact of child work on schooling on Bangladesh by considering supply side correlates of schooling, and unpaid household work in modeling child labor.
Impact of child labour on school attendance and school attainment: Evidence from Bangladesh
The paper examines the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5-17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh. This paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child's time input in schooling; then it measures the "schooling-for-age" as a learning achievement or schooling outcome. The results from the logistic regressions show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender-disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. Household permanent income, parental education and supply side correlates of schooling (presence of a primary (grade 1-6) school and secondary (grade 6-10) school in the village) are appeared to be significant determinants of schooling in rural Bangladesh. The results of this study further show that the effect of household permanent income, parental education and presence of secondary school is higher for grade attainment than school attendance.
Household schooling and child labor decisions in rural Bangladesh
Journal of Asian Economics, 2007
Using empirical methods, this paper examines household schooling and child labor decisions in rural Bangladesh. The results suggest the following: poverty and low parental education are associated with lower schooling and greater child labor; assetowning households are more likely to have children combine child labor with schooling; households choose the same activity for all children within the household, regardless of gender; there is a weak association between direct costs and household decisions; finally, higher child wages encourage households to practice child labor.
Trade-off between child labour and schooling in Bangladesh: the role of parents' education
Monash University Department of Economics Discussion Papers, 2011
This paper investigates the effect of child labour on child schooling using the 2002 dataset from the Bangladesh National Child Labour Survey (NCLS). The study provides evidence on the sensitivity of the results to the methodology adopted and the gender of the child. Working hours have an adverse effect on the child's schooling outcome and the result is robust to the procedure used, but the precise nature of the relationship varies between the parametric and non-parametric approaches. While the former suggests a U-shaped relationship between working hours and child schooling, there is a monotonic and inverse relationship between the two in case of the latter. The study also provides evidence that suggests that the gender of the child affects the nature of the relationship, as do the parental characteristics, especially parental education. These results attain special policy significance in view of the evidence that both parents show a significant preference for educating a female child that appears to be at odds with the picture of gender bias in favour of the male child in South Asia portrayed in the literature.
Child labour and school attendance: evidence from Bangladesh
International Journal of Social Economics, 2008
Purpose – The objective of this paper is to understand better the determinants of child labour and schooling in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh and considers the children aged 5-17 years living in rural households in which the mother and father are both present. The sample size is 1,628 children. A
2019
This paper seeks better understanding the determinants of child labour and schooling of rural children in Bangladesh. Although literature identified the foremost factors of child labour which constrain schooling attainment of children, however literature has not clarified which determinants encourage children to combine school and work during their study period or solely work without schooling and how the effects of factors vary according to the gender of children as well. The present study contributes to fulfilling these gaps by studying the rural children of Bangladesh. Results show that some particular factors significantly affect to increase to combined (school and work) or work only outcomes and the effect size (size of odds) varies according to the gender of children. There is no significant factor which has a larger effect on the work only outcome for females compared to males.
Is child work a deterrent to school attendance and school attainment?
International Journal of Social Economics, 2011
PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5‐17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child's time input in schooling; then it measures the “schooling‐for‐age” as a learning achievement or schooling outcome using logistic regression models.FindingsThe results from this paper show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender‐disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. The results further reveal that child work has the highest impact on schooling of Bangladeshi children, followed by supply side correlates (presence of a school in the community), parental education and household income, respectively.Practical implicationsThe results obtained in this paper are of intere...
Child Work and Schooling in Bangladesh: The Role of Birth Order
Journal of Biosocial Science, 2007
SummaryUsing data from Bangladesh, this paper examines how the birth order of a child influences parental decisions to place children in one of four activities: ‘study only’, ‘study and work’, ‘neither work nor study’ and ‘work only’. The results of the multinomial logit model show that being a first-born child increases the probability of work as the prime activity, or at least a combination of school and work, rather than schooling only. The results confirm that later-born children are more likely to be in school than their earlier-born counterparts.
School attendance of child labor: A pilot survey in Gaibandha district of Bangladesh
International NGO Journal, 2009
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of some selected determinants on school attendance of child laborers in Bangladesh. For this, the data were collected from 1157 child laborers of Gaibandha district, using purposive sampling technique based on the scheduled questionnaire. To analyze the collected data, univariate analysis, χ χ χ χ 2-test statistic and logistic regression technique are used respectively. The results have been revealed that 63.80% child labors have completed their primary level education and 70.80% child labors have left school at age (5-17) years. Also, it is found that 80.80% child aged from 5 to 17 years were not going to school but 79.80% child labors have interest to go to school. The effect of respondents' age, working hour per day and working place on school attendance was found to be negative while educational qualification of father and father alive has positive significant effect on school attendance. The interesting point is that mother's education has strong impact than father's education. Poverty was found to be the major cause of child labor to leave their school. Long-time work of the child labor revealed fewer attendants to the school. it is evident from the study that children of large families are more vulnerable to less schooling. Finally, this paper provides some suggestive policy measures which may be very effective to increase school attendance of the child laborers.
This paper examines the impact of programs that provide incentives for school attendance in rural Bangladesh-a food-for-education program for poor primaryschool children and a secondary-school scholarship scheme for girls. Detailed timeuse data were available from a 1991-92 village study conducted prior to the programs' implementation as well as for two points in time in 1995 and 1996 when the programs were in place. The time children spent in school increased dramatically, especially for adolescent girls. Families were able to take advantage of the school programs because of the short school days required and because of the compatibility of household work with schooling. Data from 1992 and 1995 show that a sudden increase occurred in marriage postponement for adolescent girls, because the secondary-school scholarship program required parents to sign a bond assuring that their daughters would not be married before age 18. The effects of the incentives varied by gender. Adolescent boys were less likely to remain in school and more likely to leave to do wage work. Parents may have decided to send adolescent girls to school and adolescent boys to work in response to the incentives.