Impact of child labour on school attendance and school attainment: Evidence from Bangladesh (original) (raw)
Related papers
Is child work a deterrent to school attendance and school attainment?: Evidence from Bangladesh
International Journal of Social Economics, 2011
Purpose-The aim of this paper is to examine the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5-17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach-This paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child's time input in schooling; then it measures the "schooling-for-age" as a learning achievement or schooling outcome using logistic regression models. Findings-The results from this paper show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender-disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. The results further reveal that child work has the highest impact on schooling of Bangladeshi children, followed by supply side correlates (presence of a school in the community), parental education and household income, respectively. Practical implications-The results obtained in this paper are of interest to policy makers seeking to design policies that increase school outcome and reduce child labor. Originality/value-The paper contributes to the limited empirical literature that has explored the impact of child work on schooling on Bangladesh by considering supply side correlates of schooling, and unpaid household work in modeling child labor.
Child labour and school attendance: evidence from Bangladesh
International Journal of Social Economics, 2008
Purpose – The objective of this paper is to understand better the determinants of child labour and schooling in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh and considers the children aged 5-17 years living in rural households in which the mother and father are both present. The sample size is 1,628 children. A
School attendance of child labor: A pilot survey in Gaibandha district of Bangladesh
International NGO Journal, 2009
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of some selected determinants on school attendance of child laborers in Bangladesh. For this, the data were collected from 1157 child laborers of Gaibandha district, using purposive sampling technique based on the scheduled questionnaire. To analyze the collected data, univariate analysis, χ χ χ χ 2-test statistic and logistic regression technique are used respectively. The results have been revealed that 63.80% child labors have completed their primary level education and 70.80% child labors have left school at age (5-17) years. Also, it is found that 80.80% child aged from 5 to 17 years were not going to school but 79.80% child labors have interest to go to school. The effect of respondents' age, working hour per day and working place on school attendance was found to be negative while educational qualification of father and father alive has positive significant effect on school attendance. The interesting point is that mother's education has strong impact than father's education. Poverty was found to be the major cause of child labor to leave their school. Long-time work of the child labor revealed fewer attendants to the school. it is evident from the study that children of large families are more vulnerable to less schooling. Finally, this paper provides some suggestive policy measures which may be very effective to increase school attendance of the child laborers.
Market work and household work as deterrents to schooling in Bangladesh
World Development, 2006
This research investigates factors that deter Bangladeshi children from attending school, including market work and household work examined separately. The likelihood that a child will be continuously in school is estimated using separate logistic regression models for younger and older boys and girls in urban and rural areas. We find that child labor decreases the probability of continuous schooling. We demonstrate the importance of examining separate demographic groups as well as separate types of work. Finally, we test the robustness of our results using three alternative measures of schooling and find that our results are robust to these three measures.
Is child work a deterrent to school attendance and school attainment?
International Journal of Social Economics, 2011
PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5‐17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child's time input in schooling; then it measures the “schooling‐for‐age” as a learning achievement or schooling outcome using logistic regression models.FindingsThe results from this paper show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender‐disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. The results further reveal that child work has the highest impact on schooling of Bangladeshi children, followed by supply side correlates (presence of a school in the community), parental education and household income, respectively.Practical implicationsThe results obtained in this paper are of intere...
Trade-off between child labour and schooling in Bangladesh: the role of parents' education
Monash University Department of Economics Discussion Papers, 2011
This paper investigates the effect of child labour on child schooling using the 2002 dataset from the Bangladesh National Child Labour Survey (NCLS). The study provides evidence on the sensitivity of the results to the methodology adopted and the gender of the child. Working hours have an adverse effect on the child's schooling outcome and the result is robust to the procedure used, but the precise nature of the relationship varies between the parametric and non-parametric approaches. While the former suggests a U-shaped relationship between working hours and child schooling, there is a monotonic and inverse relationship between the two in case of the latter. The study also provides evidence that suggests that the gender of the child affects the nature of the relationship, as do the parental characteristics, especially parental education. These results attain special policy significance in view of the evidence that both parents show a significant preference for educating a female child that appears to be at odds with the picture of gender bias in favour of the male child in South Asia portrayed in the literature.
2019
This paper seeks better understanding the determinants of child labour and schooling of rural children in Bangladesh. Although literature identified the foremost factors of child labour which constrain schooling attainment of children, however literature has not clarified which determinants encourage children to combine school and work during their study period or solely work without schooling and how the effects of factors vary according to the gender of children as well. The present study contributes to fulfilling these gaps by studying the rural children of Bangladesh. Results show that some particular factors significantly affect to increase to combined (school and work) or work only outcomes and the effect size (size of odds) varies according to the gender of children. There is no significant factor which has a larger effect on the work only outcome for females compared to males.
Household schooling and child labor decisions in rural Bangladesh
Journal of Asian Economics, 2007
Using empirical methods, this paper examines household schooling and child labor decisions in rural Bangladesh. The results suggest the following: poverty and low parental education are associated with lower schooling and greater child labor; assetowning households are more likely to have children combine child labor with schooling; households choose the same activity for all children within the household, regardless of gender; there is a weak association between direct costs and household decisions; finally, higher child wages encourage households to practice child labor.
Child Work and Schooling in Bangladesh: The Role of Birth Order
Journal of Biosocial Science, 2007
SummaryUsing data from Bangladesh, this paper examines how the birth order of a child influences parental decisions to place children in one of four activities: ‘study only’, ‘study and work’, ‘neither work nor study’ and ‘work only’. The results of the multinomial logit model show that being a first-born child increases the probability of work as the prime activity, or at least a combination of school and work, rather than schooling only. The results confirm that later-born children are more likely to be in school than their earlier-born counterparts.
Child Work and Schooling Costs in Rural Northern India
Labour markets and economic …, 2006
Child Work and Schooling Costs in Rural Northern India It is widely held that work by children obstructs schooling, so that working children in impoverished families will find it difficult to escape poverty. If children's school attendance and work were highly substitutable activities, it would be advisable to quell work in the interest of schooling and, if less child work were desirable for its own sake, to boost school attendance so as to reduce child work. Hence, this article examines the effects of schooling costs upon both children's propensities to work and to attend school in rural northern India in a bid to assess the extent of trade-off between the activities. Analyses of data from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, two Northern Indian states, reveal a positive relation between child work and schooling costs, a negative relation between school enrollment and schooling costs, and that the decrease in the probability of child work from a decrease in schooling costs is comparable in magnitude to the corresponding increase in the probability of school enrollment, implying children's work and school attendance are strongly substitutable activities. Thus, unlike recent studies of child work in India's South Asian neighbors of Bangladesh and Pakistan, this paper uncovers evidence of substantial trade-off between child work and school attendance.