Resveratrol Attenuates Exercise-Induced Adaptive Responses in Rats Selectively Bred for Low Running Performance (original) (raw)
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Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013
High capacity runner (HCR) rats have been developed by divergent artificial selection for treadmill endurance running capacity to explore an aerobic biology-disease connection. The beneficial effects of resveratrol supplementation have been demonstrated in endurance running and the antioxidant capacity of resveratrol is also demonstrated. In this study we examine whether 12 weeks of treadmill exercise training and/or resveratrol can enhance performance in HCR. Indeed, resveratrol increased aerobic performance and strength of upper limbs of these rats. Moreover, we have found that resveratrol activated the AMP-activated protein kinase, SIRT1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (p<0.05). The changes in mitochondrial fission/fusion and Lon protease/HSP78 levels suggest that exercise training does not significantly induce damage of proteins. Moreover, neither exercise training nor resveratrol supplementation altered the content of protein carbonyls. Changes in the levels of forkhead transcription factor 1 and SIRT4 could suggest increased fat utilization and improved insulin sensitivity. These data indicate, that resveratrol supplementation enhances aerobic performance due to the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway.
The journal of physiological sciences : JPS, 2017
Mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial content are hallmarks of aging that leads to decreased physical endurance. Our aim was to explore the anti-aging effect of resveratrol (RSVT) supplementation, a polyphenol, and/or exercise training, started at an older age, on improving physical activity, therefore, help in frailty avoidance and promotion of healthy aging in elderly. Eighteen-month-old aged mice received RSVT (15 mg/kg/day) and/or exercise trained for 4 weeks showed significant longer time to exhaustion with decreased blood lactate and free fatty acids levels associated with improved oxidative stress evidenced by decreased gastrocnemius muscle lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes activities, catalase and superoxide dismutase, when compared to aged mice control group. These changes were accompanied by over-expression of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA, the master regulator of mitochondri...
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2014
Trainability is important in elite sport and in recreational physical activity, and the wide range for response to training is largely dependent on genotype. In this study, we compare a newly developed rat model system selectively bred for low and high gain in running distance from aerobic training to test whether genetic segregation for trainability associates with differences in factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Low response trainer (LRT) and high response trainer (HRT) rats from generation 11 of artificial selection were trained five times a week, 30 min per day for 3 months at 70 % VO 2 max to study the mitochondrial molecular background of trainability. As expected, we found significant differential for the gain in running distance between LRT and HRT groups as a result of training. However, the changes in VO 2 max, COX-4, redox homeostasis associated markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS)), silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT1), NAD + /NADH ratio, proteasome (R2 subunit), and mitochondrial network related proteins such as mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and mitochondrial fusion protein (Mfn1) suggest that these markers are not strongly involved in the differences in trainability between LRT and HRT. On the other hand, according to our results, we discovered that differences in basal activity of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and differential changes in aerobic exercise-induced responses of citrate synthase, carbonylated protein, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1-α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and Lon protease limit trainability between these selected lines. From this, we conclude that mitochondrial biogenesis-associated factors adapt differently to aerobic exercise training in training sensitive and training resistant rats.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2015
Physical inactivity reduces, and exercise training increases, mitochondrial capacity. In rodents, exercise training effects can be augmented by large doses of resveratrol supplementation but whether this can occur in humans with a smaller dose is unclear. This study sought to determine the effects of resveratrol supplementation in combination with exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. Sixteen healthy young adults were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to consume either placebo or 500 mg of resveratrol plus 10 mg of piperine, a bioenhancer to increase bioavailibilty and bioefficacy of resveratrol. Participants ingested the pills daily for 4 weeks and completed 3 sessions per week of submaximal endurance training of the wrist flexor muscles of the nondominant arm. The contralateral arm served as an untrained control. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Changes in mitochondrial capacity from baseline to ...
Human Antibodies, 2019
OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed to assess the effect of Resveratrol supplementation, endurance exercise and acute exercise training on oxidative stress and tissue damage markers. METHODS: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups including resveratrol group, exercise group, exercise + resveratrol group (n = 16) and control group (n = 16). RES was orally administered to male rats for 28 day at a dose of 10 mg per kg body during exercise. Following the familiarization sessions, rats were acclimated to a calibrated motor driven rodent treadmill for endurance exercise and acute exercise implementation. Changes in oxidative stress and tissue damage markers including 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), protein carbonyl were biochemically measured using commercial ELISA kits based on the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS: The endurance and acute exercise training led to an increase in the levels of CPK and LDH, However, following the endurance and acute exercise training, a reduction in the level of carbonyl and 8-OHdG was observed. RES supplementation did not have any effect on the levels of CPK and LDH; nevertheless, reduced significantly carbonyl, and 8-OHdG levels. Based on this evidence, RES may have protective effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence of the antioxidant effects of RES after exercise. However, several factors such as type and duration of exercise, the type of model, the amount of RES supplementation and the time-course consideration can affect the quality of the results. For this reason, further studies in this field are required.
The Journal of Physiology, 2012
• Resveratrol, an antioxidant found in red wine, has beneficial effects on cardiac and skeletal muscle function, similar to the effects of endurance exercise training. • Combining resveratrol supplementation with exercise training augments the beneficial effects of exercise alone. • We show that endurance capacity is enhanced in rats whose diet includes resveratrol during a 12 week endurance-training programme. • Increased endurance was associated with increases in skeletal muscle force, cardiac function, and oxidative metabolism. • Our results establish that resveratrol is an effective ergogenic aid that enhances exercise performance over exercise alone.
PLoS ONE, 2013
Antioxidant supplements are widely consumed by the general public; however, their effects of on exercise performance are controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an antioxidant cocktail (a-lipoic acid, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10) on exercise performance, muscle function and training adaptations in mice. C57Bl/J6 mice were placed on antioxidant supplement or placebo-control diets (n = 36/group) and divided into trained (8 wks treadmill running) (n = 12/ group) and untrained groups (n = 24/group). Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the running performance of trained mice nor did it affect training adaptations; however, untrained female mice that received antioxidants performed significantly better than placebo-control mice (p # 0.05). Furthermore, antioxidant-supplemented females (untrained) showed elevated respiratory capacity in freshly excised muscle fibers (quadriceps femoris) (p # 0.05), reduced oxidative damage to muscle proteins (p # 0.05), and increased expression of mitochondrial proteins (p # 0.05) compared to placebocontrols. These changes were attributed to increased expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1a (PGC-1a) (p # 0.05) via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (p # 0.05) by antioxidant supplementation. Overall, these results indicate that this antioxidant supplement exerts gender specific effects; augmenting performance and mitochondrial function in untrained females, but does not attenuate training adaptations.
Resveratrol and exercise (Review)
Biomedical Reports, 2016
Although it is recommended for a healthy lifestyle, moderate exercise is known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle injury. Hence there are efforts to develop dietary strategies to counter the oxidative stress caused by physical activity. Recently, there has been an interest in the capability of resveratrol (RES) to modulate physical performance and prevent oxidative stress. Despite the inconsistency among reports regarding the topic, it has been suggested that RES delays fatigue by hindering lipid peroxidation. It is hypothesized that RES administration produces favorable effects on hepatic cell rejuvenation, exerts a regulatory effect on glucose metabolism, and preserves liver glycogen reserves that are diminished during physical activity. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the association between RES and exercise. The aim of the current review is to interpret the association between RES and exercise. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Resveratrol metabolism 3. Resveratrol transport to tissues 4. Resveratrol excretion 5. Resveratrol and exercise 6. Resveratrol and exercise in experimental animals 7. Resveratrol in muscle tissue and exercise 8. Resveratrol and exercise in humans 9. Antioxidant effect of resveratrol in exercise 10. Conclusion
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2017
Older men (n = 12) and women (n = 18) 65-80 years of age completed 12 weeks of exercise and took either a placebo or resveratrol (500 mg/d) to test the hypothesis that resveratrol treatment combined with exercise would increase mitochondrial density, muscle fatigue resistance and cardiovascular function more than exercise alone. Contrary to our hypothesis, aerobic and resistance exercise coupled with resveratrol treatment did not reduce cardiovascular risk further than exercise alone. However, exercise added to resveratrol treatment improved the indices of mitochondrial density, and muscle fatigue resistance more than placebo and exercise treatments. In addition, subjects that were treated with resveratrol had an increase in knee extensor muscle peak torque (8%), average peak torque (14%) and power (14%) after training, whereas exercise did not increase these parameters in the placebo treated older subjects. Furthermore, exercise combined with resveratrol significantly improved mean...
Different Timing of Changes in Mitochondrial Functions following Endurance Training
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2012
The objective of this study was to investigate the lime course of the endurance training-induced adaptations in two major mitochondrial fijnctions. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three training groups-a 1-d training group, a 5-d training group, and a 10-d training group. The training protocol consisted of 30 niin of running on a motorized treadmill (26 ni min '. 15% grade). Nuclear respiratory factor-1; transcription factor A. mitochondrial; Superoxide dismutase-2: glutathione peroxidase-4; and citrate synthase (CS) messenger RNA levels were measured by qPCR. Mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 release were assessed using permeabilized fibers of white gastrocnemius in siiu. Calculation of free radical leak was perfonned in two conditions where substrates were identical in both measurements. CS activity was assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: An early time-dependent modulation in messenger RNA levels was observed with training: nuclear respiratory factor-1 and Superoxide dismuta.se-2 levels increased after acute exercise, transcription factor A, mitochondrial and CS levels improved after 5 d, and glutathione peroxidase-4 levels increased after 10 d. CS activity improved by 29% ± 8% (P < 0.01) after 5 d together with a 50% ± 7% reduction in the free radical leak (P < 0.05). Finally, 10 d of endurance training did not significantly alter mitochondrial HiOj release but increased mitochondrial respiration rates in situ (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that mitochondrial adaptations follow a sequential program in which mitochondrial respiration and free radical leak adaptations occur according to a different timing. Collectively, these results suggest early mitochondrial qualitative adaptations in response to endurance training. Key Words: MITOCHONDRIA. ENDURANCE TRAINING. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES T he mitochondrion, through the electron transport chain (23) and the phosphorylation apparatus, is the main supplier of cellular ATP under aerobic conditions in skeletal tnusclc. This organelle is extremely sensitive to cellular environmental changes, particularly in response to exercise. Contractile activity produces physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes within the contracting muscle cells, and the magnitude of these changes is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise