Bioactivity And Surface Characteristics Of Titanium Implants Following Various Surface Treatments: An In Vitro Study (original) (raw)
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Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals, 2015
By surface modification of titanium foams, the bioactivity and bone bonding ability of the implants can be increased. The aim of the present research is to compare the effect of two different types of surface modifiers on the bioactivity of porous titanium implants. Two different types of surface modifiers (alkali and hydrogen peroxide) were performed on the surface of rigid and porous titanium implants. Scan ning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to study the effect of performed modifiers on the outer and inner pores of the titanium foams. Thin film x ray diffractometry (TF XRD) was also used to identify the formed phase. Further, soaking of the titanium foams in simulated body fluids (SBF) was performed to com pare the bioactivity of surface modified titanium foams. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectroscopy was employed to measure the changes of the calcium and phosphorus ions concentration of the SBF during the soaking times. Contact angle measurement was utilized to compare the wettability of surfaces modified rigid titanium implants. The results revealed that the surface treatment using alkali modifier was more effective than hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) modifier from the view of enhancement of bioactivity and increasing the surface wettability.
Effect of different surface treatments on bioactivity of porous titanium implants
Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019
Highlights medical grade Ti6Al7Nb alloy implants manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) heat treatment, chemical treatment, and impregnation with bioactive materials treatments effect on bioactivity of SLM derived implants tested in vitro XRD, SEM/EDX, XPS analyses. The work aims to characterize the structure and to evaluate in vitro the effect of different surface treatments on the bioactivity of medical grade Ti6Al7Nb alloy implants manufactured by selective laser melting. In order to improve the bioactivity of these samples, they were subjected to heat treatment, chemical treatment, and impregnation with bioactive materials. To evaluate the apatite forming ability, the samples were immersed in simulated body fluid solution) and characterized before and after immersion by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The composition and the texture of the surfaces after the applied treatments have a selective effect on apatite layer development on the surface of samples.
Improvement of in vitro titanium bioactivity by three different surface treatments
Dental Materials, 2006
Objective: Dental implants are usually made from commercially pure titanium or titanium alloys. The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of surface treatments of commercially pure titanium samples on in vitro bioactivity. Methods: Commercially pure (cp) titanium (Ti) sheets were submitted to three different surface treatments, including, for all samples, etching with an HCl/H 2 SO 4 solution. Part of each etched sample was further submitted either to anodic oxidation by using an H 3 PO 4 solution or to thermal oxidation. Treated and nontreated samples were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometry and photoelectron X-ray spectroscopy (XPS). The in vitro assessment was carried out through the immersion of samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). In vitro testing was carried out by SEM and by the determination of calcium (Ca) content in solution by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The non-treated titanium samples were used as the control group. Results: This study has shown that, after up to 7-day exposure, a calcium phosphate layer precipitated only on samples submitted to at least one of the three treatments used. This result, based on SEM images, is in good agreement with Ca content and XPS analysis, in which remarkable effects of surface modifications on Ti samples are highlighted. Significance: These results suggest that suitable surface treatments, such as employed here, may improve in vitro titanium bioactivity in a SBF solution at 37 8C. This behavior suggests a possibility of a further favorable in vivo response.
Effect of cleaning and sterilization on titanium implant surface properties and cellular response
Acta Biomaterialia, 2012
Titanium (Ti) has been widely used as an implant material due to the excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of its oxide surface. Biomaterials must be sterile before implantation, but the effects of sterilization on their surface properties have been less well studied. The effects of cleaning and sterilization on surface characteristics were bio-determined using contaminated and pure Ti substrata first manufactured to present two different surface structures: pretreated titanium (PT, Ra = 0.4 lm) (i.e. surfaces that were not modified by sandblasting and/or acid etching); (SLA, Ra = 3.4 lm). Previously cultured cells and associated extracellular matrix were removed from all bio-contaminated specimens by cleaning in a sonicator bath with a sequential acetone-isopropanol-ethanol-distilled water protocol. Cleaned specimens were sterilized with autoclave, gamma irradiation, oxygen plasma, or ultraviolet light. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine surface chemical components, hydrophilicity, roughness, and morphology, respectively. Small organic molecules present on contaminated Ti surfaces were removed with cleaning. XPS analysis confirmed that surface chemistry was altered by both cleaning and sterilization. Cleaning and sterilization affected hydrophobicity and roughness. These modified surface properties affected osteogenic differentiation of human MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Specifically, autoclaved SLA surfaces lost the characteristic increase in osteoblast differentiation seen on starting SLA surfaces, which was correlated with altered surface wettability and roughness. These data indicated that recleaned and resterilized Ti implant surfaces cannot be considered the same as the first surfaces in terms of surface properties and cell responses. Therefore, the reuse of Ti implants after resterilization may not result in the same tissue responses as found with never-before-implanted specimens.
Surface characterization of titanium-based implant materials
The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants
This study examined the effects of different treatments (polished, electropolished, and grit-blasted) on the surface morphology and chemistry of commercially pure titanium and titanium-6% aluminum-4% vanadium. The structure and composition of the surfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Auger microprobe analysis, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface roughness values at large scales were nearly identical for grit-blasted and electropolished samples, while at smaller scales, electropolished and polished samples had nearly identical quantitative roughness values. The surface oxide compositions were found to be primarily titanium dioxide on both materials for all surface treatments. No vanadium was seen with either x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or Auger microprobe analysis for the alloy, indicating a possible surface depletion. Calcium was present on the grit-blasted samples, and calcium and chlorine...
Materials
The success of titanium dental implants depends on their osseointegration into the bone, which is determined by the composition and surface properties of the implant in close contact with the bone. There is a wide variety of implants on the market. Is it possible to identify the implant with the best composition and surface topography for optimal osseointegration? To this aim, 13 brands of dental implants from nine distinct manufacturers have been selected and their composition and surface topography determined. The obtained results show differences between these implants, in this case, the Ssk averages of the three measurements performed on each implant were positive, or 0.4 (0.1–0.8), indicating that the roughness of all implants analyzed was primarily textured and not flat. Like Sa, we found the highest Sdr for implants subjected only to sandblasting. In addition, only the ALS-active® implant had a modified microstructure on its surface. However, analysis of the NANOTITE implant ...
Materials, 2020
The implant surface features affect the osseointegration process. Different surface treatment methods have been applied to improve the surface topography and properties. Trace of different elements may appear on the implant surface, which can modify surface properties and may affect the body’s response. The aim was to evaluate the roughness based on the surface treatment received and the amount and type of trace elements found. Ninety implants (nine different surface treatment) were evaluated. Roughness parameters were measured using white-light-interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for Ra, Rq, Rt, and Rz of each implant system was calculated, and Fisher’s exact test was applied, obtaining Ra values between 0.79 and 2.89 µm. Surface chemical composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at two times: as received by the manufacturer (AR) and after sputter-cleaning (SC). Traces of several elements were found in all groups, decreasing in favor of the Ti c...
Implant dentistry, 2017
The aim was to compare the osseointegration degree and secondary implant stability between implants with different surface treatments. A novel electrochemical treatment was applied to modify the sandblasted and acid-etched surface (SLA) to obtain the new hydrophilic Feeling (FEL) surface presenting a highly soluble and homogenous film made of calcium and phosphorus nanocrystals. Twenty 3.8 × 10-mm dynamix implants (Cortex) were inserted in sheep iliac crests. Sheep were killed after 2 months. Bone-to-implant contact percentage (%BIC) and biomechanical parameters, such as implant stability quotient (ISQ) and value of actual micromotion (VAM), were evaluated for each implants. No implant failures were observed. Implants of test group showed %BIC value 30% higher in respect with control group (P = 0.001). No statistical differences were detected between the 2 groups in VAM and ISQ values. Both surface treatments were highly osteoconductive because they were able to significantly increa...
Methods for the physical and chemical characterisation of surfaces of titanium implants
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2003
At present, one is still searching for physical and chemical methods which are suitable for the characterisation of biocompatibility of implant surfaces. In this paper, we analysed differently structured titanium surfaces (the roughness average of the various structures differs by four orders of magnitude) with a number of electrochemical and physical methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, surface profiling and scanning electron microscopy. The aim of the work is to compare the specific methods regarding their significance, and to correlate the results. Beside the extraction of physical and electrochemical parameters which are typical for the above-mentioned methods, the possibility of the determination of the fractal dimension of the surface structures is also examined. Cell biological examinations concerning the mechanism of cell adhesion were used to verify the ability of the parameters measured by the referred methods to describe the biocompatibility of the analysed surfaces. D
Insights into Surface Treatment Methods of Titanium Dental Implants
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2012
Titanium is the most widely used material for dental implants, due to its desirable properties, e.g., high biocompatibility, low density, high stiffness and strength, etc. More importantly, titanium implants may osseointegrate with living bone, meaning that new bone grows directly onto the surface of the implant, without any intermediate soft tissue layer. A successfully osseointegrated implant generally has a strong bonding to the adjacent bone; consequently, it usually functions well and remains stable for long service period. It also has been clinically proven that surface treatment methods can improve the rate and quality of titanium implants' osseointegration. This article focuses on two such methods, i.e., surface roughening and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. In addition, we discuss a promising new methodology, which attempts to modify the surface charge of titanium materials. This paper focuses on the current best surface treatment methods for titanium dental implants developed and improved in the past two decades, i.e., 1990-2010.