Antifungal effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in root canals (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2009
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with an intracanal medication against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis inoculated in root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six human single-rooted teeth with single root canals were used. The canals were contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis for 21 days and were then instrumented with 1% NaOCl. The roots were divided into 3 groups (n=12) according to the intracanal medication applied: calcium hydroxide paste, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, and 2% CHX gel associated with calcium hydroxide. The following collections were made from the root canals: a) initial sample (IS): 21 days after contamination (control), b) S1: after instrumentation, c) S2: 14 days after intracanal medication placement; S3: 7 days after intracanal medication removal. The results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Both 1% NaOCl irrigation and the intracanal medications were effective in eliminating E. faecalis and C. albicans inoculated in root canals.
Antimicrobial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine in infected root canals
Collegium antropologicum, 2009
The aim of this study was to identify bacteria from the infected root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, and to evaluate the antibacterial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX), as an irrigant, in reducing the microbial flora 48h after root canal preparation. A total of 44 subjects were randomly divided in the experimental group and the control group. The first bacterial samples from all root canals were obtained in the beginning, before any treatment. During mechanical instrumentation, root canals were irrigated three times, with 0.2% CHX in the experimental group, and with saline solution in the control group. All canals were dried and temporarily sealed with zinc oxide-sulfate cement. After 48 h the second samples were obtained. Bacterial samples were subjected to microbiologic processing. The study indicates that 0.2% CHX is significantly effective in reducing the microbial flora, and could be used as an irrigant solution.
Antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine by two different tests
Australian Endodontic Journal, 2008
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with an intracanal medication against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis inoculated in root canals. Material and Methods: Thirty-six human single-rooted teeth with single root canals were used. The canals were contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis for 21 days and were then instrumented with 1% NaOCl. The roots were divided into 3 groups (n=12) according to the intracanal medication applied: calcium hydroxide paste, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, and 2% CHX gel associated with calcium hydroxide. The following collections were made from the root canals: a) initial sample (IS): 21 days after contamination (control), b) S1: after instrumentation, c) S2: 14 days after intracanal medication placement; S3: 7 days after intracanal medication removal. The results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level. Results and Conclusions: Both 1% NaOCl irrigation and the intracanal medications were effective in eliminating E. faecalis and C. albicans inoculated in root canals.
In Vivo Antimicrobial Effect Of 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite In Root Canals Treatment In Duhok City
The Internet Journal of Microbiology, 2019
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the bacterial reduction after conventional root canal treatment using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: The study criteria included 100 patients requiring root canal treatments due to pulpitis. The diagnosis was made based on objective clinical signs (examination, probing, percussion, palpation) and X-ray investigation. The clinical procedures were carried out under strict aseptic precautions. All patients were subjected to biomechanical preparation followed by irrigation using sodium hypochlorite at a concentration of 5.25% which is considered the highest concentration without causing any toxic effect on the patient. All microbiological samples were taken immediately after the access preparation baseline (S1) and after the completion of the root canal instrumentation and disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (S2) and sent for microbiological analysis. Results: One hundred patients with infected root canal were selected for this in vivo study. All S1 samples were positive for microbial isolates, 71 samples harbored cultivable bacterial isolates, 22 were fungus (Candida albican), and 7 samples showed no growth so in total adding up to 151 isolates identified from 100 patients. Bacterial isolates before chemomechanical treatment showed the highest prevalence belonging to Enterococcus faecalis followed by Streptococci, Staphylococci and Candida albican. After the chemomechanical treatment with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite no cultivable bacteria were isolated from 38 patients root canals, and therefore the treatment managed to eradicate 54% of the 151 isolated bacterial species from the 71 infected root canals. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was effective in eradicating a high number of the bacterial isolates along with the fungus identified in infected root canals. This high concentration of sodium hypochlorite presented no toxic damage to the root canal or the area around it when handled with care.
2017
Objective: Candida albicans,is one of the most resistant pathogens found in root canals with necrotic pulp and in recurrent root canal failure cases. Removal of this resistant microorganisms from the root canal poses a special challenge by routine instruments and conventional irrigants. The objective of the study is to compare the anti-fungal efficacy of Fluconazole with two most commonly used root canal irrigating solution (3% NaOCl) Sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA through specific methodology that can project Fluconazole as an antifungal irrigant of choice. Method: Twenty-five extracted human maxillary central incisors were used in this study with biomechanical preparation done to Protaper F3. Teeth were randomly divided into three test groups (n=5) and a positive control group. After cleaning and shaping, root canals were contaminated with C. albicans and incubated for 72 hours. Then the root canals were irrigated with the antifungal solutions and enlarged to Protaper F4. Genera...
Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 2010
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 0.2%, 1%, and 2% chlorhexidine in root canals instrumented with the ProTaper Universal™ system. Methods: Fifty human mandibular premolar teeth were infected with a mixture of Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 root canals according to the irrigant used. All root canals were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal™ system. Assessment of the antimicrobial action of the irrigant was performed before, during, and after instrumentation. Data were analyzed statistically by Chi-squared test and the Fisher exact test at 5% significance level. Results: The 0.2% chlorhexidine solution was ineffective against all test microorganisms. The 1% chlorhexidine solution was effective in eliminating P. aeruginosa and C. albicans after the use of the F1 and F3 instruments, respectively. The 2% chlorhexidine...
Journal of Ege University School of Dentistry, 2010
To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of super oxidized water (SOW), NaOCl, chlorhexidine, and EDTA against E. faecalis and C. albicans using disc diffusion (DDT) and direct contact (DCT) tests. In DDT, 20 µl of each solution was impregnated to paper discs and the discs were placed on agar plates containing either microorganism. The inhibition zones were measured after 24 h. In DCT, each solution was placed on the surface of agar plates that had been inoculated with each microorganism. After predetermined periods, transfers were made from the contact area between the test specimen and the cultured agar and from the area that had not been in contact with the test specimens. The results were read as presence/absence of microbial growth and statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test test. In the DDT, all solutions exhibited inhibition zones in varying degrees. CHX and EDTA showed significant antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis and C. albicans (p<0.05). In the DCT, all irrigants eliminated both microorganisms in all time intervals (p>0.05). Albeit, EDTA's antimicrobial activity increased with the prolonged contact time. NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA were effective against both microorganisms. However, the antimicrobial efficiency of SOW differed between tests.
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2009
The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite adjusted to pH 12, 7.5, and 6.5 in human root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis. One hundred sixty-five human single-rooted teeth were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 48 h. Teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups according to the irrigation pattern used: group 1, 4.2% NaOCl pH 12; group 2, 4.2% NaOCl pH 7.5; and group 3, 4.2% NaOCl pH 6.5. Samples from the root canals were collected, and bacterial growth was analyzed by turbidity of the culture medium. None of the irrigating solutions used in this study demonstrated 100% effectiveness against E. faecalis. The antibacterial effectiveness of 4.2% NaOCl at pH 6.5 was significantly increased (P = .03) compared with 4.2% NaOCl at pH 12 (chi-squared test: P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Bactericidal activity of NaOCl solution is enhanced by weak acidification of 4.2% NaOCl solution at pH 6.5.
Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine on Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canal Treatment
Root canal treatment plays an important role in saving the tooth. In Endodontics it is a routine treatment that involves removing the contaminated dentine, infected pulp, inflamed and dead pulp tissue by cleaning and shaping the canal with intracanal medication, disinfecting with irrigants to eliminate the all causative microorganisms. For the long-standing success of the endodontically treated tooth, it is necessary to eliminate persistent bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis. The ruinous components of Enterococcus Faecalis, including its capacity to tackle diverse microorganisms, attack dentinal tubules, and contradict nutritional difficulty. Using a good aseptic debridement procedure of diseased pulp and contaminated dentin with a combination of 2% chlorhexidine is the best way to eliminate E. faecalis in root canal procedure. Following a systematic review and metanalysis, the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated. Aim: The goal of this review was to determine and compare the efficacies of root canal disinfectant 2% chlorhexidine with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2),17% EDTA, MDTA. Materials and Methods: Literature research is performed in sources of data like MEDLINE, online library journal PubMed NIH, NCBI, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, ORAL HEALTH GROUP, Scopus ETC. Electronic information bases had been looked through utilizing the resulting keywords: Root canal irrigants, 2% chlorhexidine, Enterococcus faecalis, Calcium hydroxide NaOCl Root canal irrigation medicine. Our search was done on articles distributed to date. Results: After reviewing the titles and abstracts, many articles met the eligibility. The use of chemical agents with 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite and 2 percent chlorhexidine resulted in microbial eradication at 100 percent compared to using only 5.25% sodium hypochlorite alone or calcium hydroxide alone which decreased by 97.7 percent compared to baseline microbial count and reduced by 68.42 percent at the same dilutions after mechanical cleaning respectively.. Conclusion: In this review study,2% Chlorhexidine has greater disinfection than calcium hydroxide and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.