Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Commiphora berryi (Arn) Engl bark extract against CCl 4-induced oxidative damage in rats (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 2010
The chloroform and ethanolic extracts of Azima tetracantha Lam. leaves were studied to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities in CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of the extracts at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg once daily for 12 days significantly restored normalization of serum enzyme levels, viz. glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and markers viz. total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and albumin and the results were comparable to the effects of Silymarin. The ethanolic extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg was found to be more potent when compared to chloroform extract at similar dose. The hepatoprotection is also corroborated by histopathology of treated animals. In regard to antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract exhibited a significant effect showing increased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters, viz. catalase, GSH, total thiols, and decreased level of malondialdhyde (MD...
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
Background: This study aims to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Commelina nudiflora against CCl 4-induced hepatic injury in rats. Method: Antioxidant activities were determined. Phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In the in vivo study, Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with C. nudiflora (150, 300, and 450 mg kg body weight (b.wt.)) once daily for 14 days followed by two doses of CCl 4 (1 ml/kg b.wt.). After 2 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and hepatoprotective analysis was performed. Results: In vitro studies have shown that the extract possessed strong antioxidant activity and has ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-free radicals effectively. GCMS analysis of the C. nudiflora extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. Administration of C. nudiflora significantly reduced the impact of CCl 4 toxicity on serum markers of liver damage, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). C. nudiflora also increased antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes and ameliorated the elevated hepatic formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by CCl 4 in rats. Histopathological examination indicated that C. nudiflora protect the liver from the toxic effect of CCl 4 and healed lesions such as necrosis, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte injury as irregular lamellar organization and dilations in the endoplasmic reticulum. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that pretreatment of C. nudiflora decreased the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified protein adducts and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Furthermore, overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 is also reduced. Conclusion: These findings exhibited the potential prospect of C. nudiflora as functional ingredients to prevent ROS-related liver damage.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: The present investigations were undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Combretum albidum G Don against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Combretum albidum (EECA) was determined by using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication of rats as experimental models. The extent of liver damage and effect of the plant extract was assessed by various biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total billrubin (TB) and total protein (TP) in blood serum and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in liver were determined. Histopathological changes in the liver of different groups were also studied. Results: The administration of EECA at dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg/b.w., orally had decreased the rise of ALT, AST, ALP, TB and TBRAS levels and the effects were comparable to standard drug (Silymarin 25 mg/kg/b. w,) the GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and TP levels were significantly increased in the animals received EECA. The histopathological studies show decreased necrosis and hepatocellular degeneration when compared to the CCl4 intoxicated liver. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the hepatoprotective and the antioxidant activity of the whole plant of Combretum albidum therefore scientifically supports the use of this plant in traditional medicine for treatment of liver disorders.
Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Carissa opaca leaves on CCl4-induced damage in rat
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011
Background: Carissa opaca (Apocynaceae) leaves possess antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects, and so may provide a possible therapeutic alternative in hepatic disorders. The effect produced by methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves (MCL) was investigated on CCl 4-induced liver damages in rat. Methods: 30 rats were divided into five groups of six animals of each, having free access to food and water ad libitum. Group I (control) was given olive oil and DMSO, while group II, III and IV were injected intraperitoneally with CCl 4 (0.5 ml/kg) as a 20% (v/v) solution in olive oil twice a week for 8 weeks. Animals of group II received only CCl 4. Rats of group III were given MCL intragastrically at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw while that of group IV received silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw twice a week for 8 weeks. However, animals of group V received MCL only at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw twice a week for 8 weeks. The activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) were determined in serum. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSR) and quinone reductase (QR) activity was measured in liver homogenates. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) concentration was also assessed in liver homogenates. Phytochemicals in MCL were determined through qualitative and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: Hepatotoxicity induced with CCl 4 was evidenced by significant increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and H 2 O 2 level, serum activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and γ-GT. Level of GSH determined in liver was significantly reduced, as were the activities of antioxidant enzymes; CAT, POD, SOD, GSH-Px, GSR, GST and QR. On cirrhotic animals treated with CCl 4 , histological studies showed centrilobular necrosis and infiltration of lymphocytes. MCL (200 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) co-treatment prevented all the changes observed with CCl 4-treated rats. The phytochemical analysis of MCL indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phlobatannins, terpenoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, and cardiac glycosides. Isoquercetin, hyperoside, vitexin, myricetin and kaempherol was determined in MCL. Conclusion: These results indicate that MCL has a significant protective effect against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rat, which may be due to its antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties.
2014
Article history: Received on: 24/07/2013 Revised on: 04/01/2014 Accepted on: 23/02/2014 Available online: 27/02/2014 The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of two edible parts (leaves and stems) of Rumex dentatus L. on inflammatory factors and oxidant/antioxidative status of rat. Determination of total phenolic content of the two parts and isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites from the promising leaves extract were carried out. The hepatic antioxidant parameters; glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were measured. Liver marker enzymes and hepatic function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases as well as cholestatic markers; alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, serum total protein content, urea, creatinine were evaluated. In addition, inflammatory markers; interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor were estimated. Histopat...
Comparative Clinical Pathology
Medicinal plants play a vital role in the healthcare of many people in Africa and other developing countries. Of these, Hura crepitans L. is used in some parts of Nigeria and Ghana in the management of liver diseases. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) of H. crepitans stem bark in CCl 4 -induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver injury was induced by single oral administration of 1 mL/kg b.wt CCl 4 (1:1 v/v olive oil). The effect of AE and EE was assessed at 250 mg/kg p.o. Serum and liver biochemical markers were measured, and liver was assessed for oxidative stress, morphological changes, and expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. EE, AE, and silymarin displayed significant hepatoprotective activities by ameliorating the activities of transaminase (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) following increases induced by CCl 4 . It further enhanced the antioxidant defence enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, while preventing lipid peroxidation. Extract further attenuated liver damage and inflammation by offering some inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression, leading to downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-23 . This study demonstrated AE and EE to be hepatoprotective, and the mechanism of hepatoprotection was through the enhancement of the antioxidant defence system with resultant mitigation of lipid peroxidation. They also showed hepatoprotective effect through the inhibition of NF-κB, thus leading to the reduction in inflammation.
2021
Background: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the central pathogenic events in liver diseases. In this study, the protective and therapeutic role of Carica Papaya Linn. seeds extract (SE) was evaluated against the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC 4) in rats. Methods: The air-dried papaya seeds were powdered and extracted with distilled water. The phytochemical ingredients, minerals, and antioxidant potentials were studied. For determination of the biological role of SE against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 , five groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared (8 rats per each): C: control; SE: rats were administered with SE alone; CCl4 : rats were injected subcutaneously with CCl4 ; SE-CCl4 group: rats were administered with SE orally for 2 weeks before and 8 weeks during CCl4 injection; SE-CCl4-SE group: Rats were administered with SE and CCl4 as mentioned in SE-CCl4 group with a prolonged administration with SE for 4 weeks after the stopping of CCl4 injection. Then, the markers of OS [lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], inflammation [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β], apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)], liver and kidney functions beside liver histopathology were determined. Results: The phytochemical analyses revealed that SE contains different concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and minerals so it has potent antioxidant activities. Therefore, the treatment with SE pre, during, and/or after CCl4 administration attenuated the OS induced by CCl4 where the LP was reduced, but the antioxidants (GSH, SOD, GST, and GPx) were increased. Additionally, these treatments reduced the inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 , since the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and p53 were declined. Accordingly, liver and kidney functions were improved. These results were confirmed by the histopathological results. Conclusions: SE has protective and treatment roles against hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4 administration through the reduction of OS, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 and its metabolites in the liver tissues. Administration of SE for healthy rats for 12 weeks had no adverse effects. Thus, SE can be utilized in pharmacological tools as anti-hepatotoxicity.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2011
The present study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Symplocos racemosa (EESR) bark on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rats. CCl4 with olive oil (1 : 1) (0.2 ml/kg, i.p.) was administered for ten days to induce hepatotoxicity. EESR (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o.) were administered concomitantly for fourteen days. The degree of hepatoprotection was measured using serum transaminases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, albumin, and total protein levels. Metabolic function of the liver was evaluated by thiopentoneinduced sleeping time. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring liver malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. Histopathological changes of liver sample were also observed. Significant hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl4 in experimental animals. EESR treatment showed significant dose-dependent restoration of serum enzymes, bilirubin, albumin, total proteins, and antioxidant levels. Improvements in hepatoprotection and morphological and histopathological changes were also observed in the EESR treated rats. It was therefore concluded that EESR bark is an effective hepatoprotective agent in CCl4-induced hepatic damage, and has potential clinical applications for treatment of liver diseases.
The rhizomes of Ginger (Zingiberofficinale), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra), the bark of Cinnamon tree,(Cinnamomumzeylanicum) and the calyces of red Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)are herbs used in thishepatoprotective studies. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of water extract mixtures using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats.In vitroantioxidant activity of plant water extracts was determined using DPPH. The water extractmixtures wereadministered for 10 days; on the 10thday all rats were challenged with CCl4 except control group animals. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and albumin levels were determined to prove the hepatoprotectiveeffect.The enzyme activities were significantly increased in CCl4 treated rats. The four water extract mixtures exhibited significant (P<0.05) protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatoxocity and nephrotoxicity by decreasing the levels of serum markers, specially AST and creatinine , respectively.On the other hand, the serum lipid profiles were slightly improved ; HDL-cholesterol significantly (P<0.05) increased in all the water extract mixtures used.