Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2019
In the present study, juvenile (live body weight, 54.3 ± 8.2 g), preadult (live body weight, 822.5 ± 33.9 g), and adult (live body weight, 1,562.8 ± 41.8 g) pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to estimate their dietary essential amino acid (EAA) requirements using the whole‐body amino acid (AA) pattern. The results showed that whole‐body moisture, crude protein, total lipid, and ash contents expressed on a wet weight basis (%) were significantly different among the studied growth phases. No significant differences were observed in the dietary EAA requirements estimated for the three growth phases of pacu. These dietary EAA requirements were found to be different than those previously estimated for the same fish through its muscle AA pattern. Based on whole‐body EAA to total EAA ratios {A/E ratios; [(each EAA/total EAA) × 1,000]}, EAA requirements were estimated to be histidine (0.42%), arginine (1.36%), threonine (0.82%), valine (0.90%), methionine (0.45%), isoleucine (0.83%), ...
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2010
Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production cost. This work evaluated effects of dietary protein : energy ratio on growth and body composition of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 ± 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent satiation with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) and 10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 or 14.2 MJ kg−1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n = 3). Weight gain, specific growth rate increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when CP increased from 220 to 271, 268 and 281 g kg−1 respectively. Pacu was able to adjust feed consumption in a wide range of dietary DE concentration. Fish fed 260 CP diets showed best (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and FCR with 11.7–12.6 MJ kg−1; but for the 380 CP-diets group, significant differences were observed only at 14.2 MJ kg−1 dietary energy level, suggesting that pacu favours protein as energy source. DE was the chief influence on whole body chemical composition. Minimum dietary protein requirement of pacu is 270 g kg−1, with an optimum CP : DE of 22.2 g MJ−1.
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
The present study aimed to determine the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids (EAAs) for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles by the amino acid (AA) deletion method. A completely randomized design which consisted of 11 treatments and three replicates each was used. The treatments included a control diet (CD) containing 55% of nonpurified natural ingredients and 45% of purified synthetic amino acids and ingredients, and other ten isonitrogenous and isoenergetic EAA limiting diets (LDs), each being deficient in 44.4 ± 0.02% of the respective EAA. Pacu juveniles with initial average body weight of 6.22 ± 0.09 g were distributed among 33 fiber glass tanks. Fish were fed with semipurified and extruded diets for 113 days two times a day until apparent satiation. The ideal ratio of each dietary EAA was calculated on the basis of the relationship between body N retention and amount of EAA deleted from the respective EAA LD. Based on the AA deletion method, the ideal ratios o...
Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis)
Aquaculture, 2010
The objectives of this study were to develop an amino acid test diet for Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis) and estimate its lysine (Lys) requirement based on growth performance. A basal test diet was formulated using Pacific threadfin muscle and a mixture of precoated crystalline amino acids as the protein sources to achieve the same amino acid profile as in Pacific threadfin muscle with the exception of Lys. An 8-week growth trial was conducted with juvenile fish (initial body weight, 3.0 ± 0.1 g) fed eight isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isoenergetic (19.1 MJ/kg diet) semi-purified diets containing 1.26% to 2.91% Lys. The fish were cultured in an indoor flow-through system with 31‰ seawater at 25°C. There were three replicate groups per dietary treatment. No mortalities occurred during the growth trial. Fish fed diets containing 2.23-2.43% Lys had higher specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention than those fed diets containing less than 1.69% Lys. Excess dietary Lys also decreased growth of fish significantly. The basal diet (1.26% of Lys) resulted in higher liver but lower carcass to body weight ratio. Fish fed the diet containing 1.26% Lys showed significantly higher whole-body lipid and energy levels but lower moisture and protein levels than those fish fed the other diets. Broken-line analysis of the growth data indicated that the Lys requirement was 1.79% of diet (5.1% protein) under current culture conditions.
Levels of crude protein in diets for pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus) from 150 to 400g reared in cages
Archivos de Zootecnia
A limiting factor in the production of aquatic organisms refers to the formulation of low cost diets with protein sources that meet the nutritional requirements of animals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of reared caged pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in the Itaipu reservoir. Fish with an average initial weight of 150.5 ± 2.1 g were randomly distributed in 20 cages (100 fish/cage) and fed one of five levels of crude protein (CP) (18.5, 20.7, 23.7, 25.6, and 28.3 %), three times a day until apparent satiety. Growth performance, muscle composition and hematological profile were evaluated. A quadratic effect was observed (p<0.05) on the average final weight and average weight gain. A linear effect was observed on the feed conversion rates, moisture and muscle fat. The results from the carcass yield and hematological profiles did not present differences (p>0.05). The derivation of the equations indicated that the required percentage of CP in the diet...
The Effect of Essential Amino Acid (Lysine) in Commercial Feed of Patin Catfish (Pangasius sp
World’s Veterinary Journal , 2021
The Patin catfish (Pangasius sp.) is a species of fish that is widely cultivated both in quarantine and in ponds. The success of Patin catfish cultivation is influenced by several factors, one of them is the feed. Patin catfish need essential amino acids to meet their needs. The addition of the amino acid (lysine) in the commercial feed not only affects the metabolism of the fish but also the content of Omega-3 and Omega-6 would be found in the fish. This study was conducted to observe the influences of essential lysine on the content of Omega-3 and Omega-6 of Patin catfish. This was an experimental study with a completely randomized design method, consisting of four treatments and five replications. The treatment which was given to experimental fish was commercial feed with the addition of lysine at different doses. The result indicated that the addition of lysine in commercial feed for 30 days of this research had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the increase in the content of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in Patin catfish meat (Pangasius sp.). Based on the results of the current study, Patin catfish can be a good source of Omega-3 and omega 6 if the feed that is used in the cultivation process, contains lysine as an amino acid source.
Assessment of dietary lysine requirement for silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) juveniles
Aquaculture, 2011
A 10-week rearing trial was conducted to assess the lysine requirement of juvenile silver perch, and to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine levels on the morphological measurements, body composition, hematological traits and muscle carnitine status of the fish. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain multiple intact proteins and pre-coated crystalline amino acids. L-lysine HCl was supplemented to the experimental diets at the expense of a dispensable amino acid mixture to achieve lysine levels from 0.90 and 2.70% of dry diet. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 10 fish and was fed to apparent satiation five times daily. At the end of the trial, percent weight gain increased with increasing dietary lysine from 0.90% to 2.10%, then the value decreased slightly. A similar trend was observed in the feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, productive protein value and daily protein deposition. The condition factor, hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat and viscerosomatic index were markedly affected by the dietary lysine level. Crude protein contents of the whole body, muscle and liver were significantly depressed in the fish fed lysine-deficient diets, while the whole body lipid content was higher in these fish. The hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration and free lysine levels in plasma were lower in the silver perch given lower lysine diets. Although muscle carnitine status was not clearly affected by the dietary lysine level, the values of free carnitine and acid soluble carnitine tended to be lower in the fish fed lower lysine diets. Based on the quadratic broken-line model, the dietary lysine requirement for maximum growth of the silver perch juveniles was satisfied at 2.32% lysine in the dry diet, corresponding to 5.96% of the dietary protein. Furthermore, 2.06% of chemically available lysine in the diet (equivalent to 5.30% dietary protein) was required for the optimal growth of the fish.
Aquaculture Research, 2009
Haematopoiesis and blood cells' functions can be influenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. This paper studied the effects of dietary protein:energy ratio on the growth and haematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5±0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 11.72, 12.55, 13.39, 14.22 MJ kg−1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n=3). Weight gain and specific growth rate were affected (P<0.05) by protein level only. Protein efficiency ratio decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all levels of dietary energy. Daily feed intake decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary energy. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was affected (P<0.05) by DE and interaction between dietary CP and DE. Total plasma protein increased (P<0.05) with dietary protein and energy levels. Plasma glucose decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary protein. The CP requirement and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of pacu fingerlings, determined using broken-line model, were 271 g kg−1 and 22.18 g CP MJ−1 DE respectively. All dietary CP and DE levels studied did not pose damages to fish health.
Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)
Aquaculture
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g −1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95-100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40-2.45% of dry diet (5.71-5.83% of dietary crude protein).
Effect of dietary lysine on the growth performance of Pangasius hypophthalmus
Depik
The success of intensive striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultivation requires quality feed that contains not only protein according to fish needs but also a complete essential amino acid profile to support the fish growth. One solution to overcome this problem is done through the addition of lysine in the feed commercial. This study aimed to examine the effect of lysine addition on the efficiency of feed utilization, growth and body composition of striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus). The study consisted of 4 (four) treatments those were with dosages of 0% / kg of feed (A); 0.6% / kg of feed (B); 1.2% / kg of feed (C); and 2.4% / kg of feed (D) of lysine for every kg of feed. The experimental diet in this study was a commercial feed in the form of pellets which was added with the lysine. A fixed feeding rate of 5%/weight of biomass/day was applied at frequency 3 times a day. The experimental fish used were striped catfish fingerling has an average weight of 4.13 ± 0.26 g/...