Growth performance and body composition of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) in response to dietary protein and energy levels (original) (raw)
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Aquaculture Research, 2009
Haematopoiesis and blood cells' functions can be influenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. This paper studied the effects of dietary protein:energy ratio on the growth and haematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5±0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 11.72, 12.55, 13.39, 14.22 MJ kg−1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n=3). Weight gain and specific growth rate were affected (P<0.05) by protein level only. Protein efficiency ratio decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all levels of dietary energy. Daily feed intake decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary energy. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was affected (P<0.05) by DE and interaction between dietary CP and DE. Total plasma protein increased (P<0.05) with dietary protein and energy levels. Plasma glucose decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary protein. The CP requirement and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of pacu fingerlings, determined using broken-line model, were 271 g kg−1 and 22.18 g CP MJ−1 DE respectively. All dietary CP and DE levels studied did not pose damages to fish health.
Levels of crude protein in diets for pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus) from 150 to 400g reared in cages
Archivos de Zootecnia
A limiting factor in the production of aquatic organisms refers to the formulation of low cost diets with protein sources that meet the nutritional requirements of animals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of reared caged pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in the Itaipu reservoir. Fish with an average initial weight of 150.5 ± 2.1 g were randomly distributed in 20 cages (100 fish/cage) and fed one of five levels of crude protein (CP) (18.5, 20.7, 23.7, 25.6, and 28.3 %), three times a day until apparent satiety. Growth performance, muscle composition and hematological profile were evaluated. A quadratic effect was observed (p<0.05) on the average final weight and average weight gain. A linear effect was observed on the feed conversion rates, moisture and muscle fat. The results from the carcass yield and hematological profiles did not present differences (p>0.05). The derivation of the equations indicated that the required percentage of CP in the diet...
Effects of different Dietary Protein Sources on Growth Rate of Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus
The present study was conducted to compare the performance of growth, survival and carcass composition of pacu, Piaractus brachypomus fed on different experimental diets. Pacu (1.00 ± 0.02g) were fed with nine practically prepared diets for 90 days. Ground Nut Cake (GNC), Fish Meal (FM) and Cotton Seed Meal (CSM) were used at three different protein levels (20%, 25% and 30%), basal supplemented with rice bran and maize. The growth performance of P. brachypomus was found to be best when fed with diet FM25 (126.50gm) and the least with GNC20 (117.13 gm). Survival rates were best in pacu fed on all the treatment, which showed 100% survival rate at the end of the experiment except on GNC20 and CSM20 (90%).
2018
A 60 days feeding trial was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) in Sutchi catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The same aged uniform size fingerlings of P. hypophthalmus were randomly distributed into groups of 40 fish (averaging 2.55 ± 0.05g in weight) per 70-L fiber glass tank in triplicates following completely randomized design. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain two levels of crude protein (25 and 30%) and three lipid levels (5, 10 and 15%) formed 25/5, 25/10, 25/15, 30/5, 30/10 and 30/15% P/E ratio contained 15.50, 17.36, 19.38, 16.52, 18.38 and 20.35 kJ g gross energy. Feeding rate and frequency were 10-8% of their body weight 3-2 times daily. The highest (P<0.05) weight gain was observed for fish consuming that diet which contained 30/10% P/E ratio. The optimum dietary P/E ratio found for P. hypophthalmus fingerlings is 16.33 mg protein kJ of GE, for a diet containing crude protein 30%, crude lipid 10% and gross ...
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2015
The study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of various dietary protein sources on the carcass composition of Piaractus brachypomus. Fish were fed twice daily with nine diets prepared with GNC, FM and CSM each varying in protein content (20%, 25% and 30%) and their growth rate and proximate composition were recorded for comparison. Carcass composition of P. brachypomus showed, the highest protein content in pacu fed with FM30 diet (61.3%). Lowest protein was found in the initial sampling (55.5%). Highest ether extract was recorded in initial sampling fed (19.58%). Lowest ether extract was found in FM30 (19.10%). Ash content was high in fish fed with FM20 and FM30 diet (17.3%) and low during initial sampling (17.08%). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in proximate composition among the treatments regarding moisture, crude protein, ether extract and total ash.
Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 2014
The expansion in the market of ornamental fish depends on the intensification of production systems and the generation of appropriate technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to know the nutritional requirements of each species for the formulation of nutritionally balanced diets. A 30-day feeding trial was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dietary digestible protein to energy ratio in diets for Betta splendens fingerlings. Fifty-six all-male B. splendens with 1.03 ± 0.11 g average weight were randomly stocked into 56 1L-aquaria in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, comprising eight treatments and seven replication. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. Diets were formulated to contain 28.0, 35.0, 42.0 and 49.0% DP and 3,600 and 3,200 kcal/kg DE. The growth parameters evaluated in this trial were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR). No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for WG, FCR and SGR. However, a higher FI was observed for fish fed diets containing 42.0% DP (P < 0.05). A positive effect of DP and DE on PER was observed in this study. Generally, according to the increase of DE levels, a reduction on PER was observed. Based on this experimental condition, we recommend the use of 28.0% DP and 3,200 kcal/kg DE in diets for B. splendens.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2018
The objective this study was to find out the protein requirement from Shrimp waste meal for superior growth and survival of juveniles of Pacu under laboratory conditions. Three experimental diets were prepared from Shrimp waste maintaining the crude protein levels at 25, 30 and 35% (treatment T1, T2 and T3). Within an experimental period of 90 days, the control group of fishes attended an average weight of 9.81 ± 0.34g with an intermittent growth of 6.27 ± 0.31g and 8.00 ± 0.05g at the end of 30 days and 60 days. Pacu juveniles in T2 fed with 30% crude protein showed better increment in weight of 10.21 ± 0.46g, 23.00 ± 0.43g and 33.22 ± 0.60g at the end of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days respectively along with increment in total length. A significant difference (P
Aquaculture Research, 2004
E¡ects of varying dietary digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) on protein retention e⁄ciency (PRE), weight gain, protein deposition and carcass composition for silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus, Mitchell) were studied. Using digestibility data for silver perch, we formulated three series of diets with di¡erent DE contents (13, 15 or 17 MJ DE kg À1). For each series, a 'summit' diet containing an excess of protein for silver perch (based on previous research) and a'diluent'diet with only 10^13% DP were formulated. By blending the summit and diluent diets together in di¡erent ratios, ¢ve diets with di¡erent DP contents were produced for each DE series. A commercial diet was also included to give 16 experimental diets in total. Eight juvenile ¢sh (mean initial weight 1.2 g) were stocked into each of 64 Â 70-L acrylic aquaria and then each of the 16 diets was randomly allocated to four replicate aquaria. Tanks were supplied with partially recirculated water (75%) at 25^27 1C. Fish were fed restrictively, twice per day, based initially on 3.5% body weight day À1 with 40% of the ration given at 08:30 hours and 60% given at15:00 hours for 59 days. Quadratic functions were ¢tted to each energy series to describe the relationship between DP content of diets and PRE (the asymptote of these functions were used to predict maximum PRE). For low DE (13 MJ kg À1), mid-DE (15 MJ kg À1) and high DE (17 MJ kg À1), the dietary DP contents to give maximum PRE were 24.7%, 26.1% and 30.1% respectively. Carcass fat decreased with increasing DP and increasing DP:DE ratio. Varying the dietary protein and DE also in£uenced other indices of ¢sh performance.'Optimum'dietary protein therefore depends on several factors. For ¢sh fed, restrictively, the protein content needed to maximize PRE is lower than the content needed to maximize weight gain or minimize carcass fat. For ¢sh fed to satiation, the lowest protein content for maximum weight gain is lower than for ¢sh fed restrictively.
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2019
In the present study, juvenile (live body weight, 54.3 ± 8.2 g), preadult (live body weight, 822.5 ± 33.9 g), and adult (live body weight, 1,562.8 ± 41.8 g) pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to estimate their dietary essential amino acid (EAA) requirements using the whole‐body amino acid (AA) pattern. The results showed that whole‐body moisture, crude protein, total lipid, and ash contents expressed on a wet weight basis (%) were significantly different among the studied growth phases. No significant differences were observed in the dietary EAA requirements estimated for the three growth phases of pacu. These dietary EAA requirements were found to be different than those previously estimated for the same fish through its muscle AA pattern. Based on whole‐body EAA to total EAA ratios {A/E ratios; [(each EAA/total EAA) × 1,000]}, EAA requirements were estimated to be histidine (0.42%), arginine (1.36%), threonine (0.82%), valine (0.90%), methionine (0.45%), isoleucine (0.83%), ...