Growth and survival of Pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) fed on crude protein from shrimp waste meal (original) (raw)
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Aquaculture Nutrition, 2010
Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production cost. This work evaluated effects of dietary protein : energy ratio on growth and body composition of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 ± 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent satiation with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) and 10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 or 14.2 MJ kg−1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n = 3). Weight gain, specific growth rate increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when CP increased from 220 to 271, 268 and 281 g kg−1 respectively. Pacu was able to adjust feed consumption in a wide range of dietary DE concentration. Fish fed 260 CP diets showed best (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and FCR with 11.7–12.6 MJ kg−1; but for the 380 CP-diets group, significant differences were observed only at 14.2 MJ kg−1 dietary energy level, suggesting that pacu favours protein as energy source. DE was the chief influence on whole body chemical composition. Minimum dietary protein requirement of pacu is 270 g kg−1, with an optimum CP : DE of 22.2 g MJ−1.
Effects of different Dietary Protein Sources on Growth Rate of Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus
The present study was conducted to compare the performance of growth, survival and carcass composition of pacu, Piaractus brachypomus fed on different experimental diets. Pacu (1.00 ± 0.02g) were fed with nine practically prepared diets for 90 days. Ground Nut Cake (GNC), Fish Meal (FM) and Cotton Seed Meal (CSM) were used at three different protein levels (20%, 25% and 30%), basal supplemented with rice bran and maize. The growth performance of P. brachypomus was found to be best when fed with diet FM25 (126.50gm) and the least with GNC20 (117.13 gm). Survival rates were best in pacu fed on all the treatment, which showed 100% survival rate at the end of the experiment except on GNC20 and CSM20 (90%).
Levels of crude protein in diets for pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus) from 150 to 400g reared in cages
Archivos de Zootecnia
A limiting factor in the production of aquatic organisms refers to the formulation of low cost diets with protein sources that meet the nutritional requirements of animals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of reared caged pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in the Itaipu reservoir. Fish with an average initial weight of 150.5 ± 2.1 g were randomly distributed in 20 cages (100 fish/cage) and fed one of five levels of crude protein (CP) (18.5, 20.7, 23.7, 25.6, and 28.3 %), three times a day until apparent satiety. Growth performance, muscle composition and hematological profile were evaluated. A quadratic effect was observed (p<0.05) on the average final weight and average weight gain. A linear effect was observed on the feed conversion rates, moisture and muscle fat. The results from the carcass yield and hematological profiles did not present differences (p>0.05). The derivation of the equations indicated that the required percentage of CP in the diet...
Nile perch (Lates niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758), is a carnivorous fresh water fish that have good market demand and suitable for aquaculture. The present study was designed to determine the effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of juveniles Nile perch. Five experimental diets with increasing levels of protein (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 g crude protein 100 g-1 feed) were prepared and fed in duplicate groups of Nile perch (initial weight : 8.67±0.17 g) reared in ten 50 L tank for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary protein level significantly influenced weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio. The WG and SGR increased with increasing the protein level up to 45% content. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in Nile perch fed 45% protein and highest in those fed 30% protein. Fish fed with the 30% protein diet had the lowest survival and those fed 50% protein diet had the highest survival. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Moisture among the dietary treatments. Protein and lipid showed linear increase as dietary protein levels increased. Fish fed diet ≥ 45% protein had the highest protein content, followed by fish fed 30 to 40% protein and lowest in the initial fish. Fish fed diet containing 50% protein had the highest lipid carcass content, whereas the lowest lipid content among treatment was observed in the initial fish. Under the experimental conditions applied, juvenile L. niloticus, require 45% dietary protein for optimized growth.
Aquaculture Research, 2009
Haematopoiesis and blood cells' functions can be influenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. This paper studied the effects of dietary protein:energy ratio on the growth and haematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5±0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 11.72, 12.55, 13.39, 14.22 MJ kg−1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n=3). Weight gain and specific growth rate were affected (P<0.05) by protein level only. Protein efficiency ratio decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all levels of dietary energy. Daily feed intake decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary energy. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was affected (P<0.05) by DE and interaction between dietary CP and DE. Total plasma protein increased (P<0.05) with dietary protein and energy levels. Plasma glucose decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary protein. The CP requirement and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of pacu fingerlings, determined using broken-line model, were 271 g kg−1 and 22.18 g CP MJ−1 DE respectively. All dietary CP and DE levels studied did not pose damages to fish health.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2015
The study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of various dietary protein sources on the carcass composition of Piaractus brachypomus. Fish were fed twice daily with nine diets prepared with GNC, FM and CSM each varying in protein content (20%, 25% and 30%) and their growth rate and proximate composition were recorded for comparison. Carcass composition of P. brachypomus showed, the highest protein content in pacu fed with FM30 diet (61.3%). Lowest protein was found in the initial sampling (55.5%). Highest ether extract was recorded in initial sampling fed (19.58%). Lowest ether extract was found in FM30 (19.10%). Ash content was high in fish fed with FM20 and FM30 diet (17.3%) and low during initial sampling (17.08%). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in proximate composition among the treatments regarding moisture, crude protein, ether extract and total ash.
Effect of dietary protein content on growth rate, survival and body composition of juvenile cauque river prawn, Macrobrachium americanum (Bate 1868), 2017
We determined the effect of four concentrations of dietary crude protein, 30.7, 37.2, 41.8 and 46.8% on growth rate, survival and body composition of the juvenile cauque river prawn (Macrobrachium americanum). The prawns were hatched in the laboratory from the spawn of one wild ovigerous female. Prawns consuming 37.2% crude protein reached a final weight of 0.58 g (feed conversion ratio of 2.15), which was significantly better than the other treatments. Survival was 100% in all treatments. Protein content in the diets had no significant effect on whole body proximate composition and amino acid profile. Juveniles consuming the 37.2% crude protein diet grew faster than those fed the other diets. Specific growth rate was adjusted to the two-slope broken-line regression analysis model to estimate the optimal protein requirement. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the 37.2% protein level diet is optimal for juvenile cauque river prawn M. americanum in the experimental conditions of this study.
Growth performance of Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) fed with different protein sources
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The present study was conducted to compare the performance of growth and survival of Pacu, Piaractus brachypomus fed on different experimental diets. Pacu (1.00 ± 0.02g) were fed with nine practically prepared diets for 90 days. Ground Nut Cake (GNC), Fish Meal (FM) and Cotton Seed Meal (CSM) were used at three different protein levels (20%, 25% and 30%), basal supplemented with rice bran and maize. The growth performance of P. brachypomus was found to be best when fed with diet FM25 (126.50gm) and the least with GNC20 (117.13gm). Survival rates were best in all the treatment, which showed 100% survival rate at the end of the experiment except on GNC20 and CSM20 (90%).
2015
The present study was carried out in order to establish an economical affective diet so that the white leg shrimp grows well in the suthern part conditin of Iran. With the consideration of 3 dietary energy levels (E1=262, E2=312 and E3=362 kcal 100 g -1diet) and 6 ratios of fish meal:soybean meal (P1=100%, P2=80%, P3= 60%, P4=40%, P5= 20% and P6=0%), 18 experimental diets were established. Completely randomized design was used to assign 54 polyethylene 300 litrs round tanks provided by aeration and flow through water systems and was stocked by 19 juvenile as 3 replicates to each shrimps (0.77±00 g). After 56 days growing period maximum growth and nutritional performances were respectively observed in the P6E1(containing 100% soybean meal and 262 kcal 100 g -1diet) and P5E1(containing 80% soybean meal and 262 kcal 100 g -1diet). Also most survival rate of the shrimp was in the P5E2 (containing 80% soybean meal and 312 kcal 100 g 1diet) and P3E3 (containing 40% soybean meal and 362 kc...
Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 2018
The effect of five diets with different crude protein levels (27, 33, 38, 43, and 48%) on growth and survival of Macrobrachium americanum prawns was determined. Optimum dietary protein level was also calculated. Specimens were collected in the Coyuca River, Guerrero, Mexico, and classified into seven weight groups with 0.67 g intervals amplitude. Five diets with different levels of crude protein were formulated and supplied to individuals of the seven weight groups as an experimental treatment. Weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), food intake (FI), protein intake (PI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), food conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) were calculated weekly along the 70 days experiment. A quadratic model was fitted to weekly mean weight gain and to WG% rates data to estimate protein requirement for every week of the experiment and weight group. A mortality model was also fitted to mortality data to compare mortality trend among the different experimental diets. 33% protein level resulted in the best treatment because of the parameters calculated, cost to produce and survival trend. Weekly optimum level of protein calculus varied on a range from 39.4 to 43.3% and optimal crude protein percentage for the seven weight ranges was between 49% for smaller prawns (0.248-0.918 g) and 35.7% for the larger prawns (4.271-4.940 g). Thus, it is recommended juvenile feeding prawns with different crude protein levels while the culture time elapses to achieve the maximum weight gain.