11. Bench grafting in Custard apple (original) (raw)
Related papers
The aim of this research was to observe histological developments during the early stages of graft formation between some spur apple varieties and apple rootstocks in order to assess compatibility/incompatibility related to different growing rate of the plants used. As rootstocks, one year-old clonally propagated A2, B118, M111 (vigorous) and M7, M16, Pj80 (semi-dwarfing) were used. Scions were taken from one-year-old shoots of Scarlet Spur, Red Spur and Redchief spur apple varieties. Rootstocks were planted in the field in winter 2007 and whip-grafted in April 2008. An evident incompatibility was not observed in the combinations. Sufficient callus proliferation was visible in all the combinations. Successful cambial and vascular connection was apparent in the 90-day sections. In the 120 th and following sections, it was observed that callus usually filled all the gaps between the rootstock and the scion. Xylem and phloem strands successively bridged the union. However, especially Pj80/Redchief and M16/Red Spur should be followed up in subsequent years in the field conditions because of the excessive callus formation between the stock and the scion.
Producing Plant Material at Intermediate Grafted Apple
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
Tree precocity represents an important characteristic that shortens the youth of the tree and influences the cost of maintenance of the orchard during the first years of production. Low vigour rootstocks ensure precocity but do not always ensure a good ramification and are more demanding in terms of culture conditions. Testing the way apple tree behaves using seven varieties (ʽPinova’, ʽSirius’, ʽMutsu’, ʽGoldRush’, ʽMars’, ʽKarneval’ and ʽTopaz’) grafted in eight combinations out of which four with an intermediary stock showed different reactions determined by the rootstock and by the intermediary itself regarding tree height, capacity to form branches of fruit and fruit buds. Tree height was influenced by the vigour of the rootstock; the largest trees were produced using the rootstock ʽMM106’ while the ʽB9’ used as interstem greatly reduced the vigour of the trees grafted on ʽA2’ and ʽMM111’. The ramification capacity depended on the grafting combination; the number of formed bran...
This research was designed to observe the stages of graft union in relation to different growth rate between the rootstock Ottawa 3 and three apple varieties, Smoothee, Summerred and Braeburn. Three to five graft samples of each rootstock/scion combinations were taken at 30 days interval until 12 months passed after from grafting. Samples were fixed in ethanol (70%). Transverse sections in 20-30 µm thickness were cut with a rotary microtome. Five base stages of graft formation were examined on samples: (1) development and positions of necrotic layers, (2) proliferation of callus cells, (3) formation of callus bridge at the graft interface, (4) cambial continuity and (5) formation of vascular tissues. In the sections prepared from subsequent samples of graft combinations were seen as a good union. Necrotic layers were eliminated in the callus, except for the outer cortex. In outer cortex region, necrotic layers were transformed to bark. Callus filled the gaps between interface of the stock and the scion. Cambial continuity occurred successfully and vascular tissues were connected. Thus, no evidences for tissue incompatibility were found in this study. Histological observations showed a compatible graft union between the graft partners which have different growing characteristics in relation to tissue formation.
Histological Development of Grafting in Apple in Cold and High Altitude Conditions
Asian journal of advances in agricultural research, 2017
The purpose of this study is to briefly describe graft fusion in relation tissue formation in some apple varieties grafted by chip and T buddings on MM106 in cold climatic and high altitude conditions. Effects of enviromental conditions on plant growing is well known. Plants grow strongly in warm and humid places.But, in cold climate and high altitude conditions grow weak. Therefore, graftings which made in different ecological condition may show different grafting formation time. In such places it is important that the graft fusion takes place rapidly. The short-term fusion will be effective in faster and stronger development of grafted plants.For his reason, it is important to know the most useful grafting method in high and cold places.In this research, it was observed that stocks and scions fits very well and no large gaps and although the callus formation was shorter in chip budding, it soon filled all the voids, and as a result, the cambial continuity and strong vascular connection occurred in short time. For these reasons, chip budding were found more suitable due to less necrotic tissues formation and wounds heal more quiclky compared to classic "T" budding for production of apple sapling in cold climate and high altitude conditions.
Apple graft formation in relation to growth rate features of rootstocks
African Journal of …, 2009
African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 (5), pp. 530-534, May 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991-637X © 2009 Academic Journals ... Apple graft formation in relation to growth rate features ... Oguz Dolgun1*, Adnan Yıldırım2, ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2014
The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable budding methods in different apple cultivars. In this study, MM 109 was used as rootstock under field conditions. Granny Smith, Red Chief, Golden Delicious and Mondial Gala apple cultivars were used as grafting scions. The chip and T budding were grafting methods. All budding operations were done on the 25 th April in 2012. Bud taking rate, bud sprouting rate, graft shoot diameter, shoot length and graft combinations were determined in this study. Bud taking and sprouting success resulted in sufficient values for all cultivars and grafting types. Also, satisfactory values for graft diameter and length shoot were obtained. The conclusion was that chip buddings were superior to T buddings; and Mondial Gala was superior to other cultivars in terms of graft shoot quality. Successful results were obtained in all grafting combinations of chip budding. The success could be attributed in chip budding that it caused the less necrotic tissue in blanking between rootstock and scion then better cambial continuity and vascular integration occurred.
Effects of Grafting Combinations on the Fruit Quality for the Pinova Apple Tree
2019
The quality of apple fruits is influenced by variety and within each variety by the rootstock and by the culture technology applied. The research presented in this paper highlighted the influence of the rootstock on the fruit quality. The experiment was conducted during 2016-2017 in the Vâlcea plant nursery, in Romania, as a comparative study for the ʻPinovaʼ variety with several rootstocks (M9, B9, M20, Pi80, M106), including variants with grafting interstems (B9/A2, B9/M111). The size of the fruit was larger for the trees grafted on the rootstock B9 with the interstem M111, while the firmness was positively influenced by the rootstocks M9 and B9/A2. The content of soluble dry substance was favourably influenced by the rootstocks M20, B9 and Pi 80, while the titratable acidity had higher values for the fruits produced by the trees grafted on M106 and M9/M111. The total anthocyanins content was higher for the fruits obtained from the trees grafted on the rootstock B9 with the inters...
Effect of Scion on Grafting Success and Other Characteristics of Apple Fruit
2016
An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (North), Mingora Swat, Pakistan in 2014. Scion wood of five apple cultivars (Summer Red, Treco Gala, Spartan, Red Chief, Pink Lady) were bench grafted on rootstocks MM-111. Increase in graft take success (100%), plant height (114.33 cm), scion diameter (17.4 mm), number of leaves plant (228) and number of branches (3.66) were noted for cultivar 1 Pink Lady. The minimum graft take success (56.33%), plant height (37.33 cm), scion diameter (8.33 mm) and number of leaves per plant (50), were noted for cultivar Red Chief. While, the minimum numbers of branches (2.33) were noted for cultivar Summer Red and Treco Gala. Therefore, it was suggested that cultivar Pink Lady must be cultivated in prevailing climatic condition to obtained maximum growth and production in apple fruit.