Predictive value of high-molecular weight adiponectin in subjects with a higher risk of the development of metabolic syndrome: From a population based 5-year follow-up data (original) (raw)
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Diabetes & Metabolism, 2017
Aim.-Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine and may play a key role in the interplay between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, this large population-based cohort investigated whether adiponectin at baseline and/or a decrease in adiponectin during follow-up is associated prospectively with the risk of incident MetS. Methods.-Using a prospective study design, the development of MetS was examined in 1134 healthy participants from the community. Plasma adiponectin was measured at study entry and again after a median follow-up of 9.4 years (IQR: 9.2-9.7). During follow-up, 187 participants developed MetS, and 439 presented with at least two components of MetS. Results.-During follow-up, adiponectin decreased in participants who developed MetS, whereas adiponectin was increased in those who did not develop MetS (P < 0.001). Those with low adiponectin levels (quartile 1) at baseline had an increased risk of developing MetS (OR: 2.92, 2.08-6.97; P < 0.001) compared with those with high levels (quartile 4). After adjusting for confounding variables, low adiponectin levels at baseline remained independently associated with MetS (OR: 2.24, 1.11-4.52; P = 0.017). Similarly, participants with a decrease in adiponectin during follow-up also had an increased risk of MetS (OR: 2.96, 2.09-4.18; P < 0.001). This association persisted after multivariable adjustments, including for baseline adiponectin (OR: 4.37, 2.77-6.97; P < 0.001). Finally, adiponectin levels at follow-up were inversely associated with an increase in the number of components of MetS (P < 0.001); geometric mean adiponectin levels were 9.5 mg/L (95% CI: 9.0-10.0) for participants with no components vs 7.0 mg/L (95% CI: 6.3-7.9) for those with four to five components. Conclusions/interpretation.-Low plasma adiponectin levels at baseline and decreasing adiponectin levels during follow-up are both associated with an increased risk of MetS.
Atherosclerosis, 2011
Objective: Adipose-tissue derived adiponectin has gained a lot of interest as a marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to assess whether adiponectin levels in young adults predict the incidence of MetS after 6-year follow-up. To gain insight on the interrelations between MetS, adiponectin and cardiovascular risk, we also examined the associations of adiponectin and carotid atherosclerosis according to MetS status. Methods: This analysis was part of a population-based, longitudinal cohort study conducted among 1693 Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study individuals (age 31.9 ± 4.9 years in 2001) participating in followups in 2001 and 2007. Results: In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, MetS components, LDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, leptin, smoking and family history of coronary disease, 1-unit increase in baseline adiponectin levels was associated with reduced odds (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, P = 0.04) of incident MetS. Of the MetS components, adiponectin levels were inversely associated with the incidence of hyperglycemia in multivariable analyses (OR = 0.94 (0.90-0.99), P = 0.04). When studying the adiponectin × MetS interaction on IMT, we observed a significant interaction when examining IMT in 2001 (r = −0.11 (MetS(−)) vs. r = −0.17 (MetS(+)), P for interaction 0.047) and IMT in 2007 (r = −0.12 (MetS(−)) vs. r = −0.21 (MetS(+)), P for interaction 0.005), suggesting the inverse association between adiponectin and IMT is stronger among those with MetS. Conclusions: Among young adults, high adiponectin levels were associated with decreased incidence of MetS. Moreover, our data suggest that individuals with MetS are more vulnerable to the proatherogenic effects of low adiponectin levels.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2006
Background-Anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory molecules purportedly play an important role in developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little is known as to the relative importance of these molecules in the association with MetS. Methods and Results-We studied 624 middle-aged Japanese men without medical history of cardiovascular disease or cancer and investigated the associations of circulating tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin with MetS. We used the respective definitions proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III), the International Diabetes Federation, and the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Decreased serum adiponectin was observed in those with any of the ATP-III-MetS components, whereas this was not the case with increased TNF-␣, IL-6, or CRP. Adiponectin and CRP levels linearly deteriorated with an increasing number of ATP-III-MetS components (trend PϽ0.001, respectively). Significantly higher CRP and lower adiponectin levels were observed in those who met any MetS criteria, whereas increased TNF-␣ was observed in only those with ATP-III-MetS. Finally, odds ratios (ORs) for MetS prevalence of a 1-SD increase/decrease in log-transformed 4 markers were calculated with multivariate logistic regression analyses. Consequently, decreased adiponectin was associated most strongly with ATP-III-MetS adiponectin: OR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.44 to 2.51]; PϽ0.001; CRP: OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.74]; Pϭ0.03; TNF-␣: OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.67]; Pϭ0.12; and IL-6: OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.63 to 1.19]; Pϭ0.37). This result was not altered by using the other 2 criteria. Conclusions-The present results raise the possibility that decreased serum adiponectin might be fundamentally involved in the development of MetS. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:871-876.)
Adiponectin: An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor. The REFERENCE Study
Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), 2008
Emerging cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as adiponectin, glycosilated hemoglobin, waist circumference and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level can aid CV risk stratification. It has been shown that classic factors alone are not sufficient to explain CV risk fully. The adiponectin level has been linked to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease. This study investigated how the levels of adiponectin and other emerging risk factors are related to CV events in the Spanish population. This cross-sectional study involved 999 patients. They were divided into cases, who had experienced a first CV event in the 3 months prior to the study, and controls. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters recorded both after the event and 3 years before the study started were obtained. Both a low adiponectin level and a high hsCRP level were associated with the occurrence of a CV event. In addition, obesity and a triglyceride level &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 150 mg/dL, both observed 3 years before the study, were also associated with the occurrence of an event. There was an inverse relationship between the plasma adiponectin level and waist circumference. Multivariate analysis identified the following significant variables: hsCRP level, a family history of early CV disease and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level 3 years earlier. A low adiponectin level is associated with abdominal obesity. Emergent risk factors do not improve the predictive ability of the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm (which includes total cholesterol, HDL-C, blood pressure and smoking). Further studies evaluating their contribution are needed.
Atherosclerosis, 2011
Objective: Our aim was to determine whether plasma adiponectin levels were an independent predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods and results: Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 3188 male and female participants from cycle 6 of the Framingham offspring Study (mean age: 57 years in both men and women; BMI: 28.5 kg/m 2 in men and 27.3 kg/m 2 in women), using a novel fully automated assay. Plasma adiponectin levels (median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]) were significantly higher in female than in male CHDfree subjects (14.8 [10.7,20.5] g/ml versus 9.0 [7.0,12.2] g/ml, p < 0.001). Participants were followed for a mean of 7.5 years. After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, diabetes, use of cholesterol-lowering medication, total cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and C-reactive protein levels, a higher plasma adiponectin level was a significant predictor of lower risk of future CHD events (n = 117) in men (HR 0.49, p < 0.0022). A similar trend was observed in women, but was no longer significant after multivariate adjustments. Conclusions: Our data indicate that plasma adiponectin levels are an independent predictor of CHD in Caucasian men initially free of CHD.
Lipids in Health and Disease
Background: Given the increasing rate of overweight and the burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease development, better understanding of the syndrome is of great importance. Therefore, the objectives were to examine whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin are associated with MetS, and whether this association is mediated by components of the MetS. Methods: During 2011-2012, 284 individuals (159 men, 53 ± 9 years, 125 women 52 ± 9 years) without cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, high-grade inflammatory disease, living in the greater Athens area, Greece, participated in clinical examination. Adiponectin and IL-6 were measured in fasting plasma samples. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. Results: MetS was present in 37 % (IDF) and 33 % (AHA/NHLBI) of the study population (P < 0.001). Adiponectin was inversely associated with MetS (odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval: 0.829, 0.762-0.902 for MetS-IDF, and 0.840, 0.772-0.914 for MetS-AHA/NHLBI). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentration mediated the association between adiponectin and MetS-IDF (z-test, standard error, P-value: 2.898, 0.012, 0.004, for BMI; 2.732, 0.012, 0.006 for waist circumference; 2.388, 0.011, 0.017 for HDL-cholesterol; 2.163, 0.010, 0.031 for triglyceride; 2. 539, 0.010, 0.011 for insulin). Similarly, BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentration mediated the association between adiponectin and MetS-AHA/NHLBI (z-test, standard error, P-value: 2.633, 0. 011, 0.008 for BMI; 2.441, 0.011, 0.015 for waist circumference; 1.980, 0.010, 0.048 for HDL-cholesterol; 2.225, 0.009, 0.026 for insulin). However, adiponectin remained significantly associated with MetS. IL-6 was not significantly associated with MetS. Conclusion: MetS components, in particular obesity and lipid indices, as well as serum insulin levels, mediate the association between adiponectin and MetS as defined by both the IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria.
Low plasma adiponectin concentration is an indicator of the metabolic syndrome
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2006
Objective: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine known to be decreased in obesity. It functions in glucose and fatty acid metabolism and also has an anti-inflammatory role in microvasculature. We wanted to investigate the role of adiponectin as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome (MS) and see how the plasma adiponectin levels relate to new criteria of MS proposed by the International Diabetes Federation. Methods: Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured from total of 1041 Finnish subjects with an ELISA -a novel method planned in our laboratory. Results: In both the sexes, the plasma adiponectin levels were lower in subjects with MS when compared with subjects with no diagnosis of MS (P!0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels did not differ between subjects with National Cholesterol Education Program (ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation-defined MS. Lower adiponectin levels were associated with different components of the MS and there was a trend towards decreasing adiponectin levels with an increasing number of components of MS in both the sexes. Subjects in the lowest adiponectin quartile had a significantly higher probability of having MS (P!0.001), 4.4-fold in males and 7.5-fold in females, when compared with the corresponding individuals in the highest quartile. The probability increased in every lowering quartile of adiponectin level and was independent of body mass index. Conclusion: We conclude that adiponectin levels correlate with most of the components of the MS and the metabolic cluster per se.
Association of Adiponectin with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Western U
2019
Introduction: Obesity is common and unequivocally associated with several serious complications as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Despite considering obesity as a defaulter in reducing life expectancy, an exponential weight gain from one generation to the next is not inevitable. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), central obesity is a must criterion to define MetS. A number of obesity related peptide hormones have been recognised to play a role in the pathogenesis of MetS. Adiponectin is a recently identified most abundant adipose-tissue derived protein that is potentially antiatherogenic & anti-inflammatory in nature. Out of all adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, only adiponectin founds to be reduced with increasing obesity. Material Method: Adiponectin (ADI) level varies depending on gender, age & ethnic background therefore we aim to circulate and explore the relation of serum adiponectin with escalating components of MetS in study population of Meerut (U.P) India. It is necessary to find accountability of adiponectin in MetS prior to its implementation in clinical practice. The study was conducted on MetS patients attending OPD of Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut from December 2016-December 2017. Total of 175 subjects (122 with MetS and 53 non-MetS) were included. Their anthropometric parameters, sugar, Lipid & Adiponectin level were measured. Result: On comparison between controls & the subject of MetS, level of serum adiponectin was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the subjects with MetS. Adiponectin is positively correlated with age, diastolic B.P, cholesterol, HDL & LDL while negatively correlated with BMI, systolic B.P, Fasting glucose, TG & VLDL. Serum adiponectin is decreasing with the increasing number of MetS components being insignificantly higher among females than males (p≥0.05).