Mycoplasma canis and urogenital disease in dogs in Norway (original) (raw)
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Isolation and Identification of Mycoplasma Species in Dogs
Agriculture Journal IJOEAR, 2020
Mycoplasmas can be associated with several canine health issues, mainly when dogs do not respond to antimicrobial treatment usually aimed at bacterial infections. Different mycoplasma species can be found in both healthy and sick animals; however, the following subjects have yet to be fully understood: The role played by mycoplasmas in canine habitats and the various diseases caused by them. The aim of the present study is to assess the presence of mycoplasma in dog samples at NUDMIC/UFF, RJ, Brazil, over a timeframe of ten years. Out of all assessed dogs, 9.67% (15/155) had respiratory symptoms, whereas the rest of them were asymptomatic. Moreover, 29.96% of the cultured samples (77/257) were positive for mycoplasmas. Typical colonies of said samples were divided into 42.86% (33/77) of oropharynx samples, 51.95% (40/77) of urogenital samples and 5.19% (4/77) of samples from other sources. Species Mycoplasma canis, Mycoplasma edwardii and Mycoplasma cynos were identified by PCR and/or immunoperoxidase. The most common species was M. canis. M. cynos was found in a dog with signs of respiratory disease. Despite the recent improvement in early identification and the biomolecular knowledge surrounding canine mycoplasma, the etiopathogenesis of canine mycoplasmosis remains uncertain..
This review aims to summarise our current understanding of the role of mycoplasmas in domestic dogs. Canine mycoplasmology is a small field, with less than 50 publications in the past 40 years. In this time we have gained knowledge about the number of species and have made associations with infections in dogs. However much evidence is still lacking. The importance of all canine mycoplasmas remains unknown, yet certain species are associated with canine anaemia (Mycoplasma haemocanis), respiratory disease (Mycoplasma cynos) and urogenital tract infections (Mycoplasma canis). Mycoplasmas can be isolated in pure culture from canine clinical specimens and it is hoped that this review will stimulate veterinarians to consider mycoplasmas as a potential cause of disease in dogs, especially when antibiotic therapy is failing.
Mycoplasmas associated with canine infectious respiratory disease
Microbiology-sgm, 2004
Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a complex infection that occurs worldwide predominantly in kennelled dogs, and several bacterial and viral micro-organisms have been associated with outbreaks of CIRD. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the species of mycoplasma present in healthy dogs and those with CIRD. As part of an extensive study investigating the micro-organisms involved in CIRD, the species of mycoplasma present throughout the respiratory tract of dogs with and without CIRD were determined. Mycoplasmas were cultured from tonsillar, tracheal and bronchial lavage samples, and identified to the species level by PCR and sequencing. Mycoplasma cynos was demonstrated on the ciliated tracheal epithelium by in situ hybridization and was the only mollicute found to be associated with CIRD, but only in the lower respiratory tract. Isolation of M. cynos was correlated with an increased severity of CIRD, younger age and a longer time in the kennel.
Strain typing of Mycoplasma cynos isolates from dogs with respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2009
The association of Mycoplasma cynos with canine infectious respiratory disease is increasingly being recognised. This study describes the strain typing of 14 M. cynos isolates cultured from trachea and bronchoalveolar lavage samples of six dogs with respiratory disease, from two separate kennels in the United Kingdom. The genetic similarity of the isolates was investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Most of the isolates from four dogs housed at a re-homing kennel were genetically similar and some isolates Manuscript Page 2 from different dogs were indistinguishable by both PFGE and RAPD. These isolates were cultured from dogs with non-overlapping stays in the kennel, which may indicate maintenance of some strains within kennels. A small number of isolates showed much greater genetic heterogeneity and were genetically distinct from the main group of M. cynos strains. There was also a high degree of similarity of the M. cynos type strain (isolated from a dog with respiratory disease in Denmark in 1971) to at least one of the United Kingdom isolates using PFGE analysis, which may suggest possible conservation of pathogenic strains of M. cynos.
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2020
Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) have been investigated using species specific PCR and sequencing in 170 dogs from Kyrgyzstan. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the infection rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. The molecular prevalence of hemoplasma infection was 5.29% (CI 2.57-9.34). It was found that, five (2.94%, CI 1.06-6.22) samples were found to be infected with Mhc, one (0.59%, CI 0.03-2.57) sample with CMhp and three (1.76%, CI 0.44-4.52) samples with both species. These results demonstrate that dogs can be exposed to each haemoplasma species and provide first molecular evidence for these species in Kyrgyzstan.
Evidence for vertical transmission ofMycoplasma haemocanis, but notEhrlichia ewingii, in a dog
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2019
A 2-year-old female intact pregnant Beagle was evaluated after the owner surrendered her to a shelter. Prepartum and 2 months postpartum at the time of routine spay, the dam was whole-blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Ehrlichia ewingii. She was also whole-blood PCR positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis prepartum and continuously for 5 months thereafter. The dam delivered 5 healthy puppies, 1 of which was whole-blood PCR positive for M. haemocanis. All 5 puppies had antibodies against Ehrlichia spp. at 1 month of age but not thereafter, and all puppies were Ehrlichia spp. PCR negative for 5 months of follow-up. Therefore, this study supports a potential role for vertical transmission in the maintenance of M. haemocanis in dogs as reservoir hosts. In contrast, in this case there was no evidence that E. ewingii was transmitted transplacentally or during the perinatal period.
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2017
This is the first study to investigate the occurrence, risk factors and hematological findings of hemoplasmas in dogs from Chile. Complete blood count and 16S rRNA conventional PCR for Mycoplasma spp. were performed in 278 blood samples from rural (n=139) and urban (n=139) dogs in Valdivia. Real time 16S rRNA PCR (qPCR) allowed species identification. Mycoplasma spp. occurrence was 24.8%. ´Candidatus M. haematoparvum´ (CMhp) was identified in 12.2% and Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) in 11.9% dogs. It was not possible to identify species in two Mycoplasma spp. samples by qPCR. Sequencing allowed identifying one of them as ´Candidatus M. turicensis´ (CMt). Frequency in rural localities was higher (41.7%) than in urban (7.9%). Rural locality, maleness and older age were risk factors for hemoplasmosis. Hemoplasma-positive dogs had a higher total protein. This is the first report of Mhc, CMhp and CMt in dogs from Chile, with a high occurrence in rural localities.
First report about canine infections with Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum in Serbia
Acta veterinaria, 2010
There are two species of haemotropic mycoplasmas that infect dogs which are known so far. These are Mycoplasma haemocanis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum". In the case of dogs, the clinical picture of these infections manifests itself in immunocompromised dogs, although the organisms are also present in immunocompetent dogs which do not show any signs of infection. The vector for these microorganisms is the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The goal of this research was to confirm the presence of canine infections with haemotropic mycoplasmas in our geographic area, regarding the facts that the vector of canine haemotropic mycoplasmas, the Rhipicephalus sanguineus is widely spread in nature, and that the epidemic indications and the clinical signs of canine infections are also present. By means of light microscopic examination of stained peripheral canine blood smears, scanning electron microscopic examination of canine erythrocytes, as well as PCR and sequence analysis of the genome, the presence of canine infections with "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum" in our geographic area has been identified for the first time.