Modeling and optimization of a Ker charge pump loaded by a resistive circuit (original) (raw)
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A Resistor-Network Model of Dickson Charge Pump Using Steady-State Analysis
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This paper presents a new average behavioral model, named a resistor-network (RN) model, that accurately predicts the electrical characteristics of the Dickson charge pump (DCP) circuit in the slow-switching limit and the fast-switching limit regions based on steady-state analysis. The RN model describes the steady-state behavior of a single-stage DCP using a network of resistors, which can then be cascaded to model N-stage DCP, taking into account the top- and bottom-plate parasitic capacitances. The RN model provides a comprehensive insight into various design parameters of the DCP, including the input/output current, output voltage, load characteristics, losses caused by parasitics, and power efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed RN model accurately predicts the output voltage and power efficiency of the DCP over a wide range of switching frequencies, from 0.1 Hz to 1 GHz, with an error of less than 2% at the maximum power efficiency. The RN model provides designe...
DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CMOS CHARGE PUMPS
A charge pump is a kind of DC to DC converter that uses capacitors as energy storage elements to create a higher or lower voltage power source. Charge pumps make use of switching devices for controlling the connection of voltage to the capacitor. The use of charge transfer switches (CTSs) can improve the voltage pumping gain. Applying dynamic control to the CTSs can reduce reverse currents. This paper includes voltage and power analysis of various charge pump circuits. And a comparison is drawn between the three charge pumps analyzed.
2015 6th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2015
Dickson charge pump is a switches-capacitor network providing a voltage gain and having open-circuit resistance dependent on the topology frequency and the size of storage capacitors. In this paper, the current status of research and development in the field of Dickson charge pump is extensively reviewed. Dickson charge pump is inductor-less DC to DC converter which uses a capacitor for its energy storage. The aim of this paper is to compare various techniques of Dickson charge pump currently explored in industry and academia. The parameters especially efficiency and voltage are compared. We have also discussed and evaluated the optimised criteria of capacitor sizing according to clock signals provided such that the charge pump performance could be properly optimised. We have simulated the transient response of DCP and provided the comprehensive study.
The mobiles market is very active; constructors do not stop to add functionalities to their mobiles. Power supplies relies on batteries .However batteries provide a limited operating time and ustable voltage ; given the highly variable nature of batteries (e.g., 2.7–4.2 V for Li-ion), systems often require supply voltages to be both higher and lower than the battery voltage (e.g., power amplifier for CDMA applications).In order to ensure a correct behavior of embedded sub-circuits of mobiles which need a stable and clean voltage , DC-DC converters are employed to generate different stable and fixed voltage from battery.
Efficiency of Innovative Charge Pump versus Clock Frequency and MOSFETs Sizes
Measurement Science Review, 2016
Charge pumps are circuits that produce the voltage higher than supply voltage or negative voltage. Today, charge pumps became an integral part of the electronic equipment. The integration of charge pumps directly into the system allows manufacturers to feed a complex system with many specific power requirements from a single source. However, charge pump efficiency is reduced by many phenomena. This paper is focused on the question of efficiency of proposed variant of the charge pump. In this article, the efficiency dependence on a number of stages, output current, clock frequency and MOSFETs sizes was simulated by Eldo. The aim of this study is to determine the MOSFETs sizes and theirs influence to efficiency and the output voltage. Complex optimization of the charge pump circuit will follow in further text.
2016 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 2016
Charge pump is circuit that produces voltage higher than supply voltage or negative voltage. Today, charge pumps became an essential parts of electronic equipment. The integration of charge pumps directly into the target system allows manufacturers to feed a complex system with many specific power requirements from a single source. However, charge pump efficiency is relatively small. This paper is devoted to questions of efficiency of presented variant of charge pump. Thus efficiency as dependence on number of stages, clock frequency, output current and MOSFETs sizes of presented charge pump was simulated. The aim of this study is determination of MOSFETs sizes and theirs influence to efficiency and output voltage. Complex optimization of this circuit will follow in the next period.
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review
This paper proposes an inductor-based DC-DC conversion technique using the 5-stage Dickson charge pump that achieves efficiency up to 96%. The converter that the Dickson charge pump is built on is a novel series inductor and parallel capacitive construction, that is profitable for energy harvesting applications. In this paper, we have shown the use of an inductor in five stage Dickson charge pump to generate an output voltage of 8.76 V at 20 Ω resistive load with a 50 MHz external frequency. Least drop in voltage is at output capacitor that is used as an energy storage element. In the experiment, the integrated charge-up converter is based on LC tank features. This unique simulation study is done in the T-Spice 0.18µm CMOS process using an input voltage of 1.8 V, using high Vt and low oxide thickness Tox for reducing threshold voltage drop in latter stages.
Design Topologies of a CMOS Charge Pump Circuit for Low Power Applications
Electronics
Applications such as non-volatile memories (NVM), radio frequency identification (RFID), high voltage generators, switched capacitor circuits, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, and DC–DC converters employ charge pump (CP) circuits as they can generate a higher output voltage from the very low supply voltage. Besides, continuous power supply reduction, low implementation cost, and high efficiency can be managed using CP circuits in low-power applications in the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. This study aims to figure out the most widely used CP design topologies for embedded systems on the chip (SoC). Design methods have evolved from diode-connected structures to dynamic clock voltage scaling charge pumps have been discussed in this research. Based on the different architecture, operating principles and optimization techniques with their advantages and disadvantages have compared with the final output. Researchers mainly focused on designing the cha...
On the design of power- and area-efficient Dickson charge pump circuits
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2014
This paper aims at investigating some methods for designing an area-and power-efficient Dickson charge pump circuit for on-chip high-voltage source generation. A comprehensive study on two conventional methods, with one of them based on optimizing the number of stage for minimum silicon area (minimum area method) and the other for maximum power efficiency (optimal power method), will be presented by considering both top-and bottom-plate parasitic capacitances. It was found that when the parasitic factors are as large as 0.1, the area and power efficiencies of the charge pumps designed with either the optimal power or minimum area method do not have much degradation. However, when the parasitic factors are small, charge pumps designed with the optimal power and minimum area methods can, respectively, result in a large area and poor power efficiency. The power efficiency of the charge pump designed with the minimum area method may be reduced by 50 %, while the area of the charge pump designed with the optimal power method can be 1-2 times larger, when the parasitic factors are 0.01. Hence, neither the optimal power nor minimum area methods should be used when the parasitic factors are small, unless the power or area is the only concern in the design. With this con-nection, the number of stage which leads to an area and power-efficient charge pump is suggested. Validity was proved by the good agreement between the simulated and the expected results for some designed charge pump circuits of the proposed design strategy.
Design aspects of the SC circuits and analysis of the cross-coupled charge pump
2016 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 2016
Ahstract-This paper presents some real properties of the cross-coupled charge pump that is used in low power microelectronic integrated systems operating with high voltage (FLASH, EEPROM memories). SC-circuits characterization and design aspects are firstly discussed. Theoretical analysis of the cross-coupled charge pump with accompanying equations has been done. Some real properties have been simulated by ELDO Spice and compared with these assumptions. Simulation results show discrepancy between calculation and simulated pa rameters due to significant pumping losses that have been discussed in detail. Discontinuity of the output voltage through input parameters is very important finding that complicates the development of the real model for design purposes.