Selected Complementary Feeding Practices and Their Association With Maternal Education (original) (raw)

Persistent Inadequacies in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Their Determinants

Journal of Food and Nutrition Research

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health problem and is directly associated with poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The study aimed to identify the inadequacies in the feeding practices for children aged 0-23 months through a cross-sectional KAP survey. Methods: Data was collected on demographic indicators, IYCF practices, 24 hours dietary recall, childhood illnesses and anthropometrics and compared with WHO guidelines. Results: Only 44.8% mothers timely initiated breastfeeding, 57% fed colostrum and 32.9% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Only 63.2% children were breastfed beyond first year and 42.2% up to second year. Nearly half of the children were introduced to complementary feeding at 6-8 months. Minimum meal frequency (MMF) was offered to 57.5%, minimum dietary diversity (MDD) to 53.2% and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) to 37.1%. Prevalence of childhood illnesses was high. Prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 19.1%, 4% and 11.4%, respectively. Mother's working status was positively associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.17, 2.83) and MDD (OR 1.53; 95% CI 0.93, 2.51) but inversely associated with exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.16, 1.66). Colostrum was given by mothers with better socioeconomic status (OR 1.3; 95% CI 0.84, 2.04) and higher education level (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.71, 2.08). Socioeconomic status directly affected MDD (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.40, 3.83) and MAD (OR 1.51; 95% CI 0.90, 2.54). The health status of children was positively impacted by exclusive breastfeeding (OR 2.33; 95% CI 0.89, 6.14), timely introduction of complementary feeding (OR 1.39; 95% CI 0.86, 2.26), MMF (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.82, 2.32) and MAD (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.77, 2.20) and negatively impacted by bottle feeding (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.50, 1.27). Conclusions: The mothers showed moderate to low compliance to WHO IYCF indicators despite high educational status. The inadequacies in IYCF practices demand for immediate awareness interventions.

Infant Feeding in the First Two Years of Life

Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo

To analyze the prevalence of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary food for zero to 24-month-old infants. This is a population-based cross-sectional study of children aged less than 24 months in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected in 2015, by interviews with people in charge of infant care in the house. The questionnaire administered assessed the sociodemographic status of the family, maternal and infant characteristics and food consumption habits. Survival analysis was used to calculate median prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding. With 180 days of life, 4.0% of the children were exclusively breastfed, 22.4% were mostly breastfed and 43.4% were fed breast milk as complementary food. In the third month of life, children were consuming water (56.8%), fruit juice or formula (15.5%) and cow's milk (10.6%). At the age of 12 months, 31.1% were consuming artificial juice and 50.0% were eating candies. ...

The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008: Study Design and Methods

2010

Objective Describe the study design, data collection methods, 24-hour dietary recall protocol, and sample characteristics of the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008. Design A cross-sectional study designed to obtain information on the diets and feeding patterns of US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers ages birth to 47 months. Telephone interviews with parents and caregivers were conducted from June 2008 through January 2009 and included a household interview to recruit the household and collect information on household and child demographics and nutrition-related characteristics, and a dietary interview, including a 24-hour dietary recall collected using the 2008 Nutrition Data System for Research. A second dietary recall was collected on a random subsample to estimate usual nutrient intake distributions. Data collection instruments were built on those used in FITS 2002, with expanded survey content to address emerging issues in childhood nutrition and obesity. The dietary protocol was improved to increase reporting accuracy on portion sizes, and a bridging study was conducted to test effects of the changes in the food model booklet and protocol since FITS 2002 (nϭ240 cases aged 4 to 23 months).

Infant Feeding Practices In a Diverse Group of Women: The Healthy Start Study

Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics, 2019

Background: To describe infant feeding practices among a diverse group of mother-offspring pairs and identify factors associated with adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations. Methods: Data were analyzed from 835 mother-offspring dyads in The Healthy Start Study, an ongoing longitudinal prebirth cohort in Denver, Colorado. Maternal report of infant feeding practices was obtained at 4 to 6 months and 18 to 24 months postnatally. Practices were classified according to the following AAP recommendations: exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months, continued breastfeeding through 12 months, and introduction of solid foods around 6 months of age. Participants who met all 3 recommendations were categorized as “adherent.” All others were categorized as “not adherent.” Results: About 77% of dyads did not adhere fully to the AAP recommendations. Women who worked ⩾35 hours/week or had a higher prepregnancy body mass index were more likely to be nonadherent. Women w...

Infant and young child feeding practices in children aged fifteen to twenty months

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2021

Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) impact growth, development, cognition and eventually survival of the infant and young children. WHO and UNICEF endorses sufficient and safe complementary feeding starting after 6 months of life while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years of age/beyond. About 20 million children did not receive exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months and 13 million did not get timely and appropriate complementary feeding, according to national family health survey (NFHS-4) data for year 2016. The high prevalence of malnutrition in countries like India is attributed to inappropriate complementary feeding practices such as not starting complementary foods at 6 months of age, inadequate macro-micronutrients intake from staple based complementary foods and failure to increase amount, frequency of food with increasing age. The objective of our study was to estimate the proportion of compliance to optimal IYCF practices and their determinants among study ...

Feeding infants and toddlers study: overview of the study design

Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2004

Objective Describe the design, data collection procedures, and sample characteristics of the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study. Design We conducted up to three telephone interviews with a random sample of parents or caregivers of infants and toddlers four to 24 months of age from March to July 2002. The three interviews included (a) a recruitment and household interview; (b) a 24-hour dietary recall, with supplementary questions on growth, development, and feeding patterns; and (c) a second dietary recall for a random subset of the sample. Two age subgroups of infants (four to six months and nine to 11 months) were over sampled. Sample weights adjusted for over sampling, nonresponse, and under coverage of some subgroups in the sample frame. Subjects A national random sample of 3,022 infants and toddlers, with two days of dietary recall available for 703 sample members. Results Of sampled households that could be located and had an eligible child in the study age range, the response rate to the recruitment interview was 73%. Of recruited households, the response rate for the dietary recall interview was 94%. Applications/Conclusions The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) provides a wealth of data on the food and nutrient intakes, background characteristics, growth and development milestones, and feeding patterns and transitions for a nationally representative sample of infants and toddlers. Subsequent papers in this journal issue present study findings and conclusions from in-depth analysis of the FITS data.