Identification of Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. Flavonoids-Part II (original) (raw)
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Identification of Lotus tenuis (Waldst et Kit.) flavonoids
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1992
Index--Lotus tenuis; kaempferol-3-O-glucoside; kaempferol-3-O-glucosyl-7-O-rhamnoside; rhythm of production; qualitative and quantitative variation. Abstract--Flavonoid metabolism was investigated in Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. (birdsfoot trefoil). This species is dominant during spring and summer in the native grasslands of the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). Flavonoid compounds were studied during a whole life cycle of the plant in four different developmental stages. The presence of free kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-Oglucosyl-7-O-rhamnoside was detected. Qualitative and quantitative differences in relation to these compounds were observed.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2010
Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. (=Lotus glaber Mill.) é uma planta leguminosa muito difundida que cresce naturalmente em pastagens da Flooding Pampas, na Argentina. Uma das hipóteses para explicar a disseminação de L. tenuis nessa área, é a diferenciação de ecotipos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os compostos flavonoides presentes em populações de L. tenuis que crescem em uma grande variedade de solos. Amostras de cinco populações que crescem em solos com diferentes características foram coletados, cultivados em estufas e comparados de acordo com seu perfil de flavonoides. Glicosídeos dos seguintes flavonoides foram detectados: quercetina, 7-metóxi-quercetina éter, kaempferol, 7-metóxi-kaempferol éter e isorhamnetina. Somente as mostras de solos salino-sódicos mostraram agliconas metiladas: 7-metóxi-kaempferol éter e 7-metóxi-quercetina éter. Os últimos compostos poderiam, portanto, ser considerados como a expressão de uma adaptação bioquímica e sugerem uma diferenciação em ecotipo. Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. (=Lotus glaber Mill.) is a widely spread leguminous plant which grows naturally in low grasslands of the Flooding Pampas of Argentina. One of the hypothesis to explain the succesful spread of L. tenuis in this area, is the ecotypes differentiation. The aim of this work was to investigate the flavonoid compounds present in L. tenuis plant populations which grow in a variety of soils. Individuals from five populations growing in soils having different characterisctics were collected, cultivated in a glasshouse and compared according to their flavonoid profile. Glycosides of the following flavonoids were detected: quercetin, quercetin 7-methyl ether, kaempferol, kaempferol 7-methyl ether and isorhamnetin. Only those samples from a saline-sodic lowland, showed methylated aglycones: kaempferol 7-methyl ether and quercetin 7-methyl ether. The latter compounds could therefore be considered the expression of a biochemical adaptation and suggest an ecotype differentiation.
Validation of an optimized HPLC/UV method for the quantification of flavonoids in lotus
Applied Biological Chemistry, 2020
Flavonoids present in the leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) grown in different regions of South Korea (Yeongcheon, Haenam, and Seocheon) and at different harvest times (July to September) were determined. Flavonoid contents in lotus extracts were identified and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC results revealed that the flavonoid contents of the lotus extracts varied at different harvesting times, with the highest content in July. Analysis of the flavonoid content in the leaves from the different regions showed the highest contents of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, and quercetin 3-O-glucoside in Yeongcheon, Korea, and highest contnts of rutin, myricetin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin in Haenam, Korea. The HPLC method was validated and optimized to quantify quercetin 3-O-glucuronide; it showed good linearity (1000–62.5 µg/mL, r2 = 0.9999), accuracy (106%–108%), and precision (RSD ≤ 1.70%). Determination of flavon...
Determination Of The Presence Of Flavonoids In The Leaves, Seeds And Branches Of The Matured
2015
Abstract: The extracts were concentrated to obtain a mass of 0.9g, 1.2g, 1.4g of seeds, leaves and branches respectively. After the separation of the pigment into hexane, the mass of the residue obtained were 0.7g for seeds, 0.9g for leaves and 1.0g for branches. The Cyanidin’s test for the various masses of the extracts of the plant materials after washing with hexane gave the evidence of the presence of flavonoids. The number of components could not be obtained from the eluates of the column chromatography, because there were no T.L.C materials available. But when the component of each plant material was subjected to cyanidin’s test, it gave the proof of the presence of flavonoid.
Phytochemistry, 2008
Flavonoids detected from a model legume plant, Lotus japonicus accessions Miyakojima MG-20 and Gifu B-129, were profiled using liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR/MS). Five flavonols and two anthocyanidins were detected as aglycones. LC-FTICR/MS facilitated simultaneous detection of 61 flavonoids including compounds that have not been reported previously. Chemical information of the peaks such as retention time, k max , m/z value of the quasi-molecular ion, m/z value of MS/MS fragment ions, and relative intensity of MS/MS fragments was obtained, along with the molecular formulas and conjugate structures. Fourteen were completely identified by comparison with authentic compounds. The high accuracy of m/z values, being 0.081 ppm between observed and theoretical values, allowed prediction of molecular formulas of unknown compounds with the help of isotope peak information for determination of chemical composition. Based on a predicted elemental composition, the presence of a novel nitrogen-containing flavonoid was proposed. A comparison of flavonoid profiles in flowers, stems, and leaves demonstrated that the flowers yielded the most complex profile, containing 30 flower-specific flavonoids including gossypetin glycosides and isorhamnetin glycosides. A comparison of flavonoid profiles between MG-20 and B-129 grown under the same conditions revealed that the accumulation of anthocyanins was higher in B-129 than MG-20, particularly in the stem. Developmental changes in the flavonoid profiles demonstrated that kaempferol glycosides increased promptly after germination. In contrast, quercetin glycosides, predominant flavonoids in the seeds, were not detectable in growing leaves.
molecules Flavonoids from Brazilian Cerrado: Biosynthesis, Chemical and Biological Profile
2020
Flavonoids are highly bioactive compounds with very low toxicity, which makes them attractive starting points in drug discovery. This study aims to provide information on plant species containing flavonoids, which are found in the Brazilian Cerrado. First, we present the characterization and plant diversity with emphasis on the families of flavonoid-producing plants, and then we describe the phenylpropanoid pathway which represents the flavonoids' main route biosynthesis-generally conserved in all species. Chemical structures and biological activities of flavonoids isolated from the Cerrado's plant species are also described based on examples from the relevant literature studies. Finally, research on the biodiversity of the Cerrado biome should be encouraged, due to the discovery of new sources of flavonoids which can provide several benefits to human health and the possibility of developing new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry.
Plant Flavonoid Content Modified by Domestication
Environmental Entomology
Plant domestication can modify and weaken defensive chemical traits, reducing chemical defenses in plants and consequently their resistance against pests. We characterized and quantified the major defensive flavonols and isoflavonoids present in both wild and cultivated murtilla plants (Ugni molinae Turcz), established in a common garden. We examined their effects on the larvae of Chilesia rudis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Insect community and diversity indices were also evaluated. We hypothesized that domestication reduces flavonoid contents and modifies C. rudis preference, the insect community, and diversity. Methanolic extracts were obtained from leaves of U. molinae plants and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed higher insect numbers (86.48%) and damage index (1.72 6 0.16) in cultivated plants. Four new first records of insects were found associated with U. molinae. Diversity indices, such as Simpson, Shannon, and Margalef, were higher in cultivated plants than in wild plants. Furthermore, eight isoflavonoids were identified in U. molinae leaves for the first time. The five flavonols showed higher concentrations in wild U. molinae leaves (89.8 mg/g) than in cultivated plants (75.2 mg/g); however, no differences were found in isoflavonoids between wild and cultivated plants. The larvae of C. rudis consumed more leaf material of cultivated plants than wild plants in choice (3.8 vs. 0.8 mm 2) and no-choice (7.5 vs. 3.0 mm 2) assays. Our study demonstrates that domestication in U. molinae reduces the amount of flavonoids in leaves, increasing the preference of C. rudis and the insect community.
Flavonoids from Brazilian Cerrado: Biosynthesis, Chemical and Biological Profile
Molecules
Flavonoids are highly bioactive compounds with very low toxicity, which makes them attractive starting points in drug discovery. This study aims to provide information on plant species containing flavonoids, which are found in the Brazilian Cerrado. First, we present the characterization and plant diversity with emphasis on the families of flavonoid-producing plants, and then we describe the phenylpropanoid pathway which represents the flavonoids’ main route biosynthesis—generally conserved in all species. Chemical structures and biological activities of flavonoids isolated from the Cerrado’s plant species are also described based on examples from the relevant literature studies. Finally, research on the biodiversity of the Cerrado biome should be encouraged, due to the discovery of new sources of flavonoids which can provide several benefits to human health and the possibility of developing new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry.
Chemotaxonomy of Wild Lamiaceae taxa Based on Their Flavonoids Profiles
Journal of Rangeland Science, 2021
The study presents flavonoids compounds patterns of thirty two Lamiaceae (Mint) taxa from Oshtorankoh located on Zagros Mountains, Iran for understanding flavonoids role in mint chemotaxonomy and their usages as food additive, edible, spices and medicine. This is a novel report of some Iranian Mint taxa flavonoids using two dimensional paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography methods. Results showed all of the studied taxa contained flavone C-&C-/O-glucosides and flavonoid sulphates. Eight taxa had aglycones while the rest lacked. Quercetin was found in all of taxa except Lamium album ssp. crinitum and Nepeta persica. Stachys setifera had not myricetin while others had. Rhamnetin, tricin and morin were not detected in all taxa exceptional Salvia brachycalyx and Salvia staminea those had. Kaempferol was found in all taxa except Ajuga chamaecistus, Lamium amplexicaule var. amplexicaule, Nepeta persica and Stachys pilifera. All of taxa except six species had luteolin. These results showed aerial parts flavonoids compounds variation in studied taxa can be useful for studying relationships within relatively narrow taxonomic limits, e. g. at the species and genus levels and their importance in chemotaxonomic surveys of mint genera. Also flavonoids compounds presence in studied taxa increase their quality and antioxidant activity as edible, spices and medicinal plants.