Immunization status of children in the newly carved states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India (original) (raw)
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Trends in child immunization in Empowered Action Group States , India ( 1990-2006 )
2015
I. Introduction and reviews of literature Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against infectious diseases through vaccination. Immunization prepares human bodies to fight against diseases which can come into contact with them in the future. Immunization is one of the most successful public health interventions of the past century responsible for averting 3 million deaths globally each year and protecting millions more from illness and permanent disability [1]. Globally, vaccine preventable diseases account for nearly 20% of all deaths occurring annually among children under five years of age, and immunization has a vital role to play in achieving the goals specified in the Millennium Declaration [2]. In 2005, WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) developed the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS), with the aim of reducing vaccine-preventable disease related morbidity and mortality by improving national immunization programs [3]. However, according to the Global
Child Immunizations: A Comparative Study Across States in India
Economic Affairs, 2019
Childhood immunization programs have been suggested as an infrastructure to deliver vitamin, a supplement to children in developing countries. Health education and vaccinations prevent the spread of infectious disease. In long term, they can even lead to the end of those diseases in a given country. Thus, in this paper we have considered those vaccinations which are must for children against different types of serious disease suffered by them during their childhood days and have analyzed its coverage across states in India. The conclusion which we are able to draw is that the considered indicators have shown an improvement over the considered period i.e. from 2005-06 to 2015-16. Moreover, increment in the percentage of children who received most of the vaccinations by the public health facility over the decade has also increased in case of all the considered states.
Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2011
National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), the Indian counterpart of Demographic and Health Surveys, are the most recognized surveys in India and provide reliable measures of RCH indicators. But NFHS-3 figures on full immunization coverage rate for the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) is very low compared with seven other major surveys on immunization carried out around the same time period. The objective is to analyse factors responsible for low full-immunization coverage rate reported by NFHS-3 in AP. Data from three waves of NFHS and other surveys on immunization were used for analysis. Although full immunization coverage rate did not increase, other related indicators have shown an improvement between the second and third waves of NFHS. The full immunization coverage rate was significantly higher among card seen category as compared with card not seen category. Low full immunization coverage rate in AP as reported by NFHS-3, in all likelihood cannot be totally attributed to poor perform...
Immunization status of infants residing in an urban community of North Karnataka , India
2015
Background and Objectives: Immunization is proven cost effective intervention to reduce the child morbidity and mortality. Immunization is the cost-effective intervention which provides protection to infants and children. The objectives of study were to assess the immunization coverage and factors associated with utilization of immunization of 12-23 months children. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of Belgaum city, Karnataka with a sample size of 370. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the required information. Result: It was found that 79.5% were fully immunized, 20.5% were partially immunized and no children were found unimmunized. Immunization status of children was significantly associated with mother’s educational level (p<0.05) and socioeconomic class (p<0.001). Conclusion: As the immunization coverage of children was found still low then expected level of coverage prescribed by the Government, there is need...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2019
Introduction: The DLHS survey has identified that the immunization coverage is less than 50% in Bihar state. This study was carried out to determine immunization coverage rate and to assess factors determining immunization coverage, including factors both affecting provision and utilization of governmental immunization service among children aged 12-23 months in Surajgarha block, Lakhisarai district, Bihar. Methodology: The WHO 30 cluster sampling method and the standard WHO questionnaire was used. In each cluster, 7 children have enrolled in this study a total of 210 children. Selection of children in each village was done by the nearest door to door method. Immunization was validated by card. BCG was also validated by the presence of BCG scar. Result: Full immunization coverage as per card was 30.47% and exclusively by history was 16.7%. Total immunization coverage (as per card and history) was 47.14%. The BCG coverage, DPT coverage, Polio coverage and Measles coverage through card and history was 63.8% and 21.4%; 53.3% and 19.5%; 46.7% and 18.1%; and 48.6% and 18.6% respectively. Conclusion: The immunization coverage wasvery low in Surajgarha block of Lakhisarai district Bihar. Therefore, need to improve the health services, both from the utilizer side and provider side.
Understanding the full-immunization gap in districts of India: A geospatial approach
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Despite the continuous global and national effort, India is far away from achieving universal immunization coverage. The primary objective of this paper is to find the spatial pattern and correlates of the full immunization coverage gap in the districts of India. Data and methods: We used data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015-16. Moran's I, univariate and bivariate Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis had been used to assess the spatial autocorrelation, clustering, and risk factors of the full immunization coverage gap in the districts of India. Results: The full immunization coverage gap among children has reduced by 33% over 2005-15. Around half of the children in 163 districts of India were deprived of full immunization. The spatial pattern of immunization coverage identified 99 districts as hot spots, whereas 111 as cold spots. Results from the bivariate LISA map signifies that the districts with higher coverage gap in full immunization also had higher deficit in pre-natal and post-natal care and skilled birth attendant. The spatial regression model revealed that female literacy, femaleheaded households, antenatal, and post-natal care have a significant association with full immunization coverage in India. Conclusion: The existence of clusters indicates the presence of unevenness in immunization coverage and has several implications that should be addressed for better health of the population. Efforts are to be made to ensure the universalization of education, along with accessible and affordable healthcare for all ensuring universal health coverage in India.
Coverage of Child Immunisation and Its Determinants in India
Social change
For reducing morbidity, mortality and disabilities from the six serious but preventable diseases—that is, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio-myelitis and measles—the government of India initiated Expanded Programme on Immunisation by making free vaccination services easily available to all eligible children. Despite considerable gains in immunisation coverage, a large chunk of children die from vaccine preventable diseases. The article sheds light on the cov-erage of child immunisation in India and estimates the effect of selected demo-graphic and socio-economic characteristics on immunisation coverage. Data for the study have been utilised from DLHS-RCH, conducted during 2002–04. Both bi-variate and multivariate techniques have been carried out in due course of analysis. Multivariate analysis in the form of multinomial logistic regression is employed to see the net effect of each of the independent variables on the dependant variable, that is, immunisation (no immu...
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2009
The children of Assam in the NorthEast Region of India have consistently evidenced low rates for routine childhood immunizations. This study has been conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the immunization coverage in the first year of life of the children. About 62.2% of the children were fully immunized. Lack of information among the parents was one of the major causes of drop out of vaccinations. The children from urban areas and mother's education level showed significant role in immunization coverage. Improvement in female literacy coupled with the reduction in the drop out rate would add to achieve a higher target of immunization among children in the study area.
2021
Introduction Immunization coverage among children is still a major public health concern in India and other low-middle income countries. Low coverage likely risks the health of children and therefore impacts their overall growth. We therefore examined the immunization coverage rates among children aged 12-36 months in India and its states. We also explored the associated factors affecting immunization coverage among children aged 12-36 in India. Methods We used data from 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The analytical sample of children aged 12-36 months information cases was 15887. Immunization coverage rates of India and its states were calculated. We evaluated the immunization coverage rate by background characteristics in India and its states. We performed multinomial logistic regression analysis to estimate the factors associated with the immunization coverage in India. Results About 61.95% were fully immunize...
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2019
Background: Immunization is considered as one of the key interventions for protection of children against life threatening conditions that are preventable. In India, nearly 8.9 million are missed for full immunization every year. The study was conducted to assess the reasons for partial immunization of below two years children in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. Methodology: Out of all villages and urban wards, randomly one urban and one rural area were selected. A community based cross-sectional study was done with 300 children aged below two years. Simple random sampling (using revolving pen) was used to select the first household for the survey. The immunization status of the child was assessed by vaccination card and by mother's recall where vaccination card was not available. Results: Chhattisgarh has increased its full immunization coverage from 58% in 2002-04 to 76.4%. overall 67% (135/203) children were fully immunized. In urban areas, 74% (74/100) children were fully immunized whereas in rural areas 59% (61/103) children were fully immunized. Dropout rate for BCG to measles rubella vaccine in urban areas was 5%, while, it was 7% in rural areas. Two most common reasons came out to be unaware of missed dose (38%) and fear of adverse event following immunization (28%). Conclusion: Immunization program has not only failed in achieving its target but is lagging far behind the desired coverage goal. More awareness should be generated among the people immunize their children.