Differentials and determinants of immunization coverage among children aged 12-36 months in India: Analysis of nationally-representative, population-based survey data (original) (raw)
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Predictors of Vaccination in India for Children Aged 12–36 Months
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015
Introduction: India has one of the lowest immunization rates worldwide despite a longstanding Universal Immunization Program (UIP) that provides free childhood vaccines. This study characterizes the predictors for under-and non-vaccination among Indian children aged 12-36 months.
Coverage of Child Immunisation and Its Determinants in India
Social change
For reducing morbidity, mortality and disabilities from the six serious but preventable diseases—that is, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio-myelitis and measles—the government of India initiated Expanded Programme on Immunisation by making free vaccination services easily available to all eligible children. Despite considerable gains in immunisation coverage, a large chunk of children die from vaccine preventable diseases. The article sheds light on the cov-erage of child immunisation in India and estimates the effect of selected demo-graphic and socio-economic characteristics on immunisation coverage. Data for the study have been utilised from DLHS-RCH, conducted during 2002–04. Both bi-variate and multivariate techniques have been carried out in due course of analysis. Multivariate analysis in the form of multinomial logistic regression is employed to see the net effect of each of the independent variables on the dependant variable, that is, immunisation (no immu...
Child Immunizations: A Comparative Study Across States in India
Economic Affairs, 2019
Childhood immunization programs have been suggested as an infrastructure to deliver vitamin, a supplement to children in developing countries. Health education and vaccinations prevent the spread of infectious disease. In long term, they can even lead to the end of those diseases in a given country. Thus, in this paper we have considered those vaccinations which are must for children against different types of serious disease suffered by them during their childhood days and have analyzed its coverage across states in India. The conclusion which we are able to draw is that the considered indicators have shown an improvement over the considered period i.e. from 2005-06 to 2015-16. Moreover, increment in the percentage of children who received most of the vaccinations by the public health facility over the decade has also increased in case of all the considered states.
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2019
Background: Immunization is considered as one of the key interventions for protection of children against life threatening conditions that are preventable. In India, nearly 8.9 million are missed for full immunization every year. The study was conducted to assess the reasons for partial immunization of below two years children in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. Methodology: Out of all villages and urban wards, randomly one urban and one rural area were selected. A community based cross-sectional study was done with 300 children aged below two years. Simple random sampling (using revolving pen) was used to select the first household for the survey. The immunization status of the child was assessed by vaccination card and by mother's recall where vaccination card was not available. Results: Chhattisgarh has increased its full immunization coverage from 58% in 2002-04 to 76.4%. overall 67% (135/203) children were fully immunized. In urban areas, 74% (74/100) children were fully immunized whereas in rural areas 59% (61/103) children were fully immunized. Dropout rate for BCG to measles rubella vaccine in urban areas was 5%, while, it was 7% in rural areas. Two most common reasons came out to be unaware of missed dose (38%) and fear of adverse event following immunization (28%). Conclusion: Immunization program has not only failed in achieving its target but is lagging far behind the desired coverage goal. More awareness should be generated among the people immunize their children.
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2021
Background: Vaccination against childhood communicable diseases through Expanded Program on Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions. Additional 1.5 million child deaths can be prevented if global vaccination coverage is improved. Mewat district has one of India's lowest immunization rates despite a long-standing Universal Immunization Program and continues to sustain a high prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. This study investigates determinants of immunization status among children aged 0-23 months. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020, among 800 children aged 0-23months, randomly selected in one rural and one urban ward each from all 4 blocks of Mewat. Socio-demographic conditions and vaccine-related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Immunization was assessed by vaccination card and by mother's recall where the card was unavailable. Results:Mewat has increased full immunization coverage from 13.1% in 2015-16 to 59.4%. Immunization card was available with 68.5% (292/426) beneficiaries. Dropout rates for Pentavalent1 to Pentavalent3 was 27.5% and 54% for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin to measles. After adjusting for the state of residence, religion, gender, paternal education, health professional presence during birth, place of vaccination and knowledge of mother on due dose were significantly associated with full immunization. Awareness gap and fear of side effects for vaccines were main reasons of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Full immunization coverage in the district is sub optimal and behind the desired coverage goal, mainly due to vaccine hesitancy. Enhancing community knowledge about the benefits of vaccination is recommended.
Factors affecting the vaccination coverage of children under five years in central India
Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research
Background: Despite a dramatic reduction in disease burden of vaccine-preventable diseases through childhood immunization, vaccine coverage is not satisfactory even in urban slums. We need considerable efforts to ensure adequate vaccine coverage to control morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the immunization coverage in an urban slum area and determine various socio-demographic factors affecting the vaccination coverage. Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional random sample study. Parents of children upto the age of 5 years were interviewed at their homes and vaccination centers. Total 1514 cases were included in this study. Results: Approximately 58.9% of the children were fully vaccinated, 23% children were partially vaccinated and 18.2% children were unvaccinated. The full vaccination rate increased with lower birth order, education level of the parents, socioeconomic status of family and hospital delivery. Conclusion: Children from higher economic or educational groups had better vaccination coverage. Not known of exact date of vaccination is most important factor for poor vaccination coverage. Lack of time, distance and nobody at home were the other factors having negative impact.
Pasteur Institute of Iran, 2020
Introduction: In India, only 56.3% of children between one to two years of age have received full immunization. In some area, despite of good health care delivery system, immunization coverage is not reaching up to the mark due to some unaddressed issues. Therefore, identification of these determinants will help to improve the immunization status of each child. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of the Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) affiliated to the medical college in Maharashtra, India. The sample of 350 participants was taken from 19 villages in the rural area and 17 administrative wards in the urban area by 'Probability Proportional to population Size' method. All married women in 15-49 years of age, having child in the age group 13-24 months were included in the study. Results: 83.71% children were fully immunized while remaining 16.29% were either partially or unimmunized. The dropout rate for measles compared to BCG was 16.3%. Main reasons for partial and un-immunization were lack of information and forgotten about the date. Occupation of mother, family type, parity, place of delivery and knowledge of immunization were significantly associated with immunization status of child. Conclusions: The determinants of immunization coverage if studied locally will help the programme managers to implement programme effectively to increase the overall coverage.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2019
Introduction: The DLHS survey has identified that the immunization coverage is less than 50% in Bihar state. This study was carried out to determine immunization coverage rate and to assess factors determining immunization coverage, including factors both affecting provision and utilization of governmental immunization service among children aged 12-23 months in Surajgarha block, Lakhisarai district, Bihar. Methodology: The WHO 30 cluster sampling method and the standard WHO questionnaire was used. In each cluster, 7 children have enrolled in this study a total of 210 children. Selection of children in each village was done by the nearest door to door method. Immunization was validated by card. BCG was also validated by the presence of BCG scar. Result: Full immunization coverage as per card was 30.47% and exclusively by history was 16.7%. Total immunization coverage (as per card and history) was 47.14%. The BCG coverage, DPT coverage, Polio coverage and Measles coverage through card and history was 63.8% and 21.4%; 53.3% and 19.5%; 46.7% and 18.1%; and 48.6% and 18.6% respectively. Conclusion: The immunization coverage wasvery low in Surajgarha block of Lakhisarai district Bihar. Therefore, need to improve the health services, both from the utilizer side and provider side.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2022
Background: Immunization plays a crucial role in reducing childhood morbidity and mortality, and higher coverage rates are needed to maintain the expected benefits. Objective was to assess immunization coverage in children of 12-23 months of age group in rural field practice areas of Medical College, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, a cross sectional community based study was conducted in rural field practice areas of Nootan Medical College and Research Center, Visnagar during June 2021 to December 2021. All 214 children of 24-35 months age group of the areas were included after taking verbal informed consent of their parents or guardians. Vaccination status of the children was verified using the immunization card. Analysis of study was done by using appropriate statistical software.Results: Total 1934 households were surveyed. There were 214 children in the 24-35 months age group. Mamta card or immunization record was available with 145 (67.8%)...
Evaluation of immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Surendranagar city
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2013
Introduction:Immunization is one of the well known and most effective method of preventing childhood diseases. Aims And Objectives:1) To describe socio-demographic profile of children between 12-23 months of age attending immunization centre, RIMS, Ranchi. 2) To Evaluate the factors affecting immunization status among children between 12-23 months of age attending immunization centre, RIMS, Ranchi. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive type. Place of study was immunization centre, RIMS, Ranchi. Study duration was from 1 September to 30 November 2016. Results: In the present study 110 Children were studied in which maximum number were 19 months of age. Majority were hindu (79.9%) male(63.6%) of Urban locality(92.7%). Education of the parents was found to be significantly associated with the immunization status of children. Conclusion: Increasing the literacy status of the parents can alone can bring a major difference in immunization coverage among Children.