Bean pod mottle virus Spread in Insect-Feeding-Resistant Soybean (original) (raw)
Related papers
Bean leaf beetle and Bean pod mottle virus in soybean: biology, ecology and management
Bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Förster), is a pest of soybean found in many production areas in the United States. The bean leaf beetle larvae feed on soybean root nodules, whereas the adults feed on the above ground parts of soybean such as cotyledon, leaves, and pods. Bean leaf beetle is also a very efficient vector of Bean pod mottle virus, a widespread virus of soybean in the south and southeastern United States with recent expansion into the north central region of the country. This article summarizes bean leaf beetle biology, ecology, and its impact on soybean production in the United States. The management of this insect and Bean pod mottle virus as recommended in the north central states is also presented.
Journal of insect behavior, 2003
Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv.'Black Valentine'is a systemic host for the plant viruses Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) and bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). The Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, is a vector of SBMV and BPMV. Our objective was to determine if the interaction of SBMV and BPMV with'Black Valentine'bean plants would affect beetle behavior and growth. In adult feeding preference test assays, beetles preferred and ingested more of the virus-infected bean leaf tissue than the noninfected leaf tissue. ...
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
Plant-mediated variations in the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions can strongly affect epizootics and the population dynamics of numerous species, including devastating agricultural pests such as the fall armyworm. Most studies of plant-mediated effects on insect pathogens focus on host mortality, but few have measured pathogen yield, which can affect whether or not an epizootic outbreak occurs. Insects challenged with baculoviruses on different plant species and parts can vary in levels of mortality and yield of infectious stages (occlusion bodies; OBs). We previously demonstrated that soybean genotypes and induced anti-herbivore defenses influence baculovirus infectivity. Here, we used a soybean genotype that strongly reduced baculovirus infectivity when virus was ingested on induced plants (Braxton) and another that did not reduce infectivity (Gasoy), to determine how soybean genotype and induced defenses influence OB yield and speed of kill. These are key fitness measures because baculoviruses are obligate-killing pathogens. We challenged fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, with the baculovirus S. frugiperda multi-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) during short or long-term exposure to plant treatments (i.e., induced or non-induced genotypes). Caterpillars were either fed plant treatments only during virus ingestion (short-term exposure to foliage) or from the point of virus ingestion until death (long-term exposure). We found trade-offs of increasing OB yield with slower speed of kill and decreasing virus dose. OB yield increased more with longer time to death and decreased more with increasing virus dose after short-term feeding on Braxton compared with Gasoy. OB yield increased significantly more with time to death in larvae that fed until death on non-induced foliage than induced foliage. Moreover, fewer OBs per unit of host tissue were produced when larvae were fed induced foliage than non-induced foliage. These findings highlight the potential importance of plant effects, even at the individual plant level, on entomopathogen fitness, which may impact epizootic transmission events and host population dynamics.
2005
The bean leaf beetle (BLB) has been a long-time pest of soybeans and other beans, but it seldom reached levels that warrant treatment on a large scale until 2000. The BLB has also been identified as the vector for the transmission of a disease called bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), which can cause yield reduction and also discolored soybeans, resulting in dockage when the soybeans are marketed. The soybean aphid is a relatively new pest to North America; several eastern Iowa fields were sprayed for this pest in 2001 and many fields were sprayed in 2003. Established thresholds for BLB management at various developmental stages of the soybeans do not consider the negative effects of the introduction of BPMV into the plants. The soybean aphid is a vector for soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and, again, current thresholds do not consider the negative effects of the introduction of SMV into the plants. Cruiser, an insecticidal seed treatment from Syngenta, was labeled for use in soybean beginning in 2005. Research is being conducted by Dr. Marlin Rice, Dr. Matt O'Neal, and Mr. Jeffrey Bradshaw to determine the efficacy of seed treatments on BLB and soybean aphid populations and the incidence of viral diseases. This research complements the efforts by Rice, O'Neal, and Bradshaw.
Effects of Plant Viruses on Vectors and Non-vector Herbivores in Three Different Pathosystems
Lee and all the members of soybean entomology laboratory for their help in carrying out my research projects and their friendship throughout this journey. I am always grateful to the unconditional support of my family members for this academic accomplishment. I owe special thanks to my wife, Shilpa Ghimire, for her love, support, understanding and patience throughout this journey. Last but not the least, my sincere thanks go to the Department of Entomology, all the faculty members, and all my friends for their friendship and company during my graduate studies here at Louisiana State University.
Seed companies in the USA grow winter soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) nurseries in Puerto Rico to advance their breeding programs and seed increase. However, the soybean nurseries are being threatened by a viral disease that cause stunting, leaf and stem necrosis and shoot wilting that leads to death of the whole plant. In the present study transmission assays were conducted using stem grafting, mechanical inoculation, and whiteflies (WFs), Bemisia tabci (Gennadius). Cultivated and wild host plants infested by WFs were surveyed at Dow AgroSciences Research Station and nearby farms at Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Based on previous report in Brazil of similar disease caused by an isolate of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV), a Carlavirus, these samples were screened for the presence of the Carlavirus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and RT-PCR using Carlavirus-specific primers. The results showed that all the transmission assays expressed the viral symptoms on soybean plants on which the tests were done. Out of the 19 plant species surveyed, 8 species gave positive results for the ELISA test. The RT-PCR also successfully amplified a 300 bp fragment from these ELISA positive samples. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed feather-like aggregates of presumed virions in the cytoplasm, characteristic for many members of the genus Carlavirus. This virus infecting soybean and other plants in Puerto Rico is considered an isolate of the CpMMV. This study underlines the importance of controlling WFs and weed species that serve as reservoirs both for the vectors and the virus.
Scientific Reports
There is widespread evidence of plant viruses manipulating behavior of their insect vectors as a strategy to maximize infection of plants. Often, plant viruses and their insect vectors have multiple potential host plant species, and these may not overlap entirely. Moreover, insect vectors may not prefer plant species to which plant viruses are well-adapted. In such cases, can plant viruses manipulate their insect vectors to preferentially feed and oviposit on plant species, which are suitable for viral propagation but less suitable for themselves? To address this question, we conducted dual- and no-choice feeding studies (number and duration of probing events) and oviposition studies with non-viruliferous and viruliferous [carrying beet curly top virus (BCTV)] beet leafhoppers [Circulifer tenellus (Baker)] on three plant species: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Barley is not a host of BCTV, whereas ribwort...
Crop Protection, 2009
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), vectors numerous plant viruses, including Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), a begomovirus. Experiments were conducted on seedlings of an indicator plant, the Brazilian morningglory (Ipomoea setosa Ker Gawl.), and sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] to assess acquisition, retention and transmission of SPLCV by B. tabaci. Assays were based on the ability of the adult whitefly to acquire and transmit the virus. Two independent techniques, based on the expression of symptoms on the indicator plants and the detection of SPLCV with real-time polymerase chain reaction, were used to indicate SPLCV infection. The acquisition time of SPLCV by adult B. tabaci was 24 h and reached 100% by 84 h of exposure. Retention of SPLCV infectivity by viruliferous adults reached up to 30 days on non-SPLCV host plants (collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle). In transmission tests, a minimum of 15 min was required for a viruliferous whitefly population to transmit the virus to I. setosa. The efficiency of transmission increased over time; however, only 60% of the assay plants were infected after exposure to viruliferous whiteflies for 48 h. Male and female adult whiteflies vectored SPLCV with similar efficiency. Findings from this study will help to understand the epidemiology of SPLCV in sweet potato fields, and ultimately in the management of this disease. Such detailed investigations to assess vector behaviors also have implications in the study of other whitefly-virus systems among agricultural crops.