Narcissism and coach interpersonal style: A self-determination theory perspective (original) (raw)
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Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2011
Leadership research that examines follower characteristics as a potential moderator of leadership effectiveness is lacking. Within Bass's (1985) transformational leadership framework, we examined follower narcissism as a moderator of the coach behavior-coach effectiveness relationship. Youth athletes (male = 103, female = 106) from the Singapore Sports Academy (mean age = 14.28, SD = 1.40 years) completed the Differentiated Transformational Leadership Inventory (Callow, Smith, Hardy, Arthur, & Hardy, 2009), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988), and indices of follower effort. Multilevel analyses revealed that athlete narcissism moderated the relationship between fostering acceptance of group goals and athlete effort and between high performance expectations and athlete effort. All the other transformational leader behaviors demonstrated main effects on follower effort, except for inspirational motivation.
Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2016
Research on coaching (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2009) has shown that coaches can display controlling behaviors that have detrimental effects on athletes' basic psychological needs and quality of sport experiences. The current study extends this literature by considering coach narcissism as a potential antecedent of coaches' controlling behaviors. Further, the study tests a model linking coaches' (n = 59) own reports of narcissistic tendencies with athletes' (n = 493) perceptions of coach controlling behaviors, experiences of need frustration, and attitudes toward doping. Multilevel path analysis revealed that coach narcissism was directly and positively associated with athletes' perceptions of controlling behaviors and was indirectly and positively associated with athletes' reports of needs frustration. In addition, athletes' perceptions of coach behaviors were positively associated-directly and indirectly-with attitudes toward doping....
Journal of Sport and …, 2010
This article outlines the development and initial validation of the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS), a multidimensional self-report measure designed to assess sports coaches' controlling interpersonal style from the perspective of self-determination theory . Study 1 generated a pool of items, based on past literature and feedback from coaches, athletes, and academic experts. The factorial structure of the questionnaire was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses across Studies 2 and 3. The final CCBS model in Study 3 comprised 4 factors (controlling use of rewards, conditional regard, intimidation, and excessive personal control) and was cross-validated using a third independent sample in Study 4. The scale demonstrated good content and factorial validity, as well as internal consistency and invariance across gender and sport type. Suggestions for its use in research pertaining to the darker side of coaching and sport participation are discussed.
Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2010
The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between coaching behavior and athletes' inherent self-talk (ST). Three studies were conducted. The first study tested the construct validity of the Coaching Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) in the Greek language, and provided support for its original factor structure. The second study examined the relationships between coaching behavior and athletes' ST in field, with two different samples. The results showed that supportive coaching behavior was positively related to positive ST (in one sample) and negatively related to negative ST (in both samples), whereas negative coaching behavior was negatively related to positive ST (in one sample) and positively related to negative ST (in both samples). Finally, the third study examined the relationships experimentally, to produce evidence regarding the direction of causality. The results showed that variations in coaching behavior affected participants' ST. Overall,...
Dimensions of narcissism in athletes in universities
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This study aims to discover the levels of narcissism among university students, who are actively involved in sports, in order to reveal the differences between narcissism levels and sociodemographic variables. A total of 611 athletes participated in the study, of whom 236 were females (38.6%) and were males 375 (61.4%). They all have actively participated in individual and team sports that were organized by the Turkish University Sports Federation. For the purpose of determining the narcissism levels of the athletes, the “Narcissistic Personality Inventory”, which was developed by Ames et al. (2006) and adapted into Turkish by Atay (2009), was used. The scale consisted of 16 items representing 6 dimensions “exhibitionism”, “superiority”, “authority”, “entitlement”, “self-sufficiency”, and “exploitativeness”. The study data were analysed by utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics v22 package software was used. To reveal whether the data had a normal distribution, a single-sample “Kolmogorov-Sm...
Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2012
Embedded in the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) framework, we obtained self-report data from 418 paid and voluntary coaches from a variety of sports and competitive levels with the aim of exploring potential antecedents of coaches' perceived autonomy supportive and controlling behaviors. Controlling for socially desirable responses, structural equation modeling revealed that greater job security and opportunities for professional development, and lower work-life conflict were associated with psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, was related to an adaptive process of psychological well-being and perceived autonomy support toward athletes. In contrast, higher work-life conflict and fewer opportunities for development were associated with a distinct maladaptive process of thwarted psychological needs, psychological ill-being, and perceived controlling interpersonal behavior. The results highlight how the coaching context may impact upon coaches' psychol...
The Role of Self-Esteem in Coaches’ Leadership Style
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The coach's leadership style is an important element in the success of an athlete or sports team. There has been a lot of research carried out that has analysed different leadership styles and performances in sport, as well as the levels of motivation and satisfaction of athletes. From an educational perspective, the focus of this study is to investigate the factors that determine effective leadership for a coach and, in particular, self-esteem. Self-esteem is a factor that has a decisive influence on the behaviour and relationships that the individual entertains with the surrounding environment. The research presented here is the first part of a larger project that involves the implementation of a psychoeducational programme on coaches, aimed at developing effective leadership by acting on self-esteem. The results are related to the descriptive research carried out on a sample of 38 coaches of adolescent athletes, both in individual and team sports. The measurement of variables...
This study aims to reveal the relationship between the levels of sportspersonship and narcissism of athletes. The sample of the study was selected by 33 football players, 36 volleyball players, 40 handball players and 30 basketball players who already ranked among the top three athletes in Turkish Championships. Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale were used as a collection tool in the study. Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v20 software package was also used to analyze the data. The descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data, a correlation analysis was used to determine the severity and direction of the relationship between variables and regression analysis was used to reveal cause-effect relationship between the variables. As a result of the correlation analysis carried out, it was determined that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between an athlete’s narcissism score, and respect for opponents and respect for social convention.