Visualization of Removal of Trapped Air from the Apical Region of the Straight Root Canal Models Generating 2-phase Intermittent Counter Flow during Ultrasonically Activated Irrigation (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of a sonic device designed to activate irrigant in the root canal
Journal of endodontics, 2010
The aims of this study were to evaluate the removal of dentin debris from the root canal by sonic or ultrasonic activation of the irrigant and the physical mechanisms of sonic activation by visualizing the oscillations of the sonic tip, both inside and outside the confinement of the root canal. Roots of 18 canines were embedded, split, and prepared into standardized root canals. A standard groove was cut on the wall of one half of each root canal and filled with the same amount of dentin debris before irrigation procedures. The removal of dentin debris was evaluated after different irrigation procedures. The oscillations of the sonic tip were visualized ex vivo by using high-speed imaging at a time scale relevant to the irrigation process, and the oscillation amplitude of the tip was determined under 20x magnification. After irrigation, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental groups (P < .0001). Without irrigant activation, the grooves were still...
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.12\_Dec2019/Abstract\_IJRR003.html, 2019
Aims: To compare the efficiency of debris removal in root canals instrumented with three different agitation systems: UltraX (ultrasonic device), Endo activator (Sonic device) and manual dynamic agitation. Methodology: One hundred and twenty freshly extracted teeth were selected for the study and access cavity is prepared. After determining the working length, instrumentation was done till ProTaper F2 with simultaneous irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. These samples were then divided into four groups of 40 samples each that is sonic activation (EndoActivator), ultrasonic activation (Ultra X), manual dynamic activation (MDA) and a control group. About 5.25% NaOCl was used for irrigation activation. Mesial roots were sectioned 4 mm from the apex and observed under a stereomicroscope at 20Xmagnification for the presence of debris. Results: Endoactivator presented the least amount of debris followed by ultrasonic device and manual dynamic agitation. Conclusion: In this study, none of the devices were able to remove the debris completely. EndoActivator and UltraX could be used as effective irrigation activation devices.
2020
Irrigation is crucial for long term success in root canal treatment. Studies have shown that irrigant delivery in positive pressure irrigation producing a vapour lock effect. Aims: To Analyze the difference of irrigant patterns between negative pressure irrigation system and sonic activation to root canal cleaning efficacy. Twenty seven human mandibular premolar were instrumented using ProTaper Next with 2,5% NaOCl irrigation. Divided in three groups randomly. Group I: positive pressure irrigation systems as control. Group II: negative pressure irrigation systems. Group III: sonic activation systems. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally halves then cut in the apical third part and examined under microscope for working length evaluation. Irrigant pattern examined with spectrophotometry. Using Anova followed by Shapiro wilk for normality test and Post Hoc test for individual comparison. There is no significant difference between negative pressure and sonic activation for reaching the w...
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Background: EndoActivator, a sonically-driven canal irrigation system (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK), has been developed for activating root canal irrigants, and has recently been released onto the market. Purpose: To obtain an initial understanding of bubbles generation of electrical EndoActivator tips during activation of the irrigant in a transparent root canal model and a modified extracted tooth. Methods: A modified extracted tooth and a straight glass model were filled with a solution containing 17% EDTA or 3% NaOCl. A medium activator tip 22-mm polymer noncutting #25, 0.04 file driven by an electrical sonic hand-piece at 190 Hz (highest level) induced pressure waves that produced macro- and micro-bubbles. The physical mechanisms involved were visualized using a Miro 320S high-speed imaging system (Phantom, Wayne, NJ, USA) with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The imaging system acquired images at 25,000 frames per second with 320×x240 pixels per image, a...
Journal of Endodontics, 2011
Introduction: The complex anatomy of the root canal system has been shown to limit the penetration of irrigating solutions into the apical third; hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether the use of a patency file is related to the presence of a radiopaque irrigating solution in the apical third of human root canals after using passive ultrasonic activation in vivo. Methods: Forty human root canals were randomly divided into two groups. Apical patency was maintained in one group (n = 21) during shaping and cleaning procedures with a no. 10 K-file 1 mm beyond the working length (WL) but not in the other group (n = 19). In both groups, the canals were shaped with the Pro Taper system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Irrigation was performed with 1 mL of a solution prepared with a radiopaque contrast medium and sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and then passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was applied after the shaping procedure. Digital images were taken, and a calibrated reader determined the presence or absence of the irrigating solution in the apical third. Results: There were significantly more canals with irrigant in the apical third after PUI when apical patency was maintained with a no. 10 file 1 mm beyond the WL than when apical patency was not maintained throughout the cleaning and shaping procedures (P = .02). Conclusions: Maintaining apical patency and then using PUI improves the delivery of irrigants into the apical third of human root canals.
Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers)
Introduction: various irrigation devices and chemical solutions are being developed and improved nowadays for better penetration deep into the complex root canal system. Activation of irrigating solutions enhances the solution effectiveness. Evidence in the literature suggests that ultrasonic irrigation is much more effective in this respect than syringe irrigation alone. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and/or ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI): nowadays, the two terms, PUI and UAI, are interchangeable in the literature and represent the same technique. Literature data have shown that combining ultrasonically activated NaOCl with EDTA results in significantly greater removal of the smear layer. Conclusion: the use of ultrasonic activation of the irrigating solution after root canal preparation significantly improves the removal of debris from hard-to-reach areas such as isthmuses, lateral canals and the apical delta.
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia, 2018
Objective This study analyzed the influence of the irrigating solutions ultrasonic activation on the obturator cement penetration into lateral root canals. Methods Fifty maxillary molars (palatine root) were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups (Group 1 (EDTA 17% + manual agitation for 5 minutes), Group 2 (EDTA 17% + ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds), Group 3 (NaOCl 1% + Ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds), Group 4 (EDTA 17% + ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds and NaOCl 1% + ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds) and Group 5 (negative control). The lateral root canals were made in the apical and middle third. The obturation occurred in a single session. The radiographic and microscopic analyzes were performed to evaluate the sealant cement penetration degree. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results Apical and middle third radiographic analysis showed that Groups 2 and 4 presented better penetration of the sealant cement. In the microscopic analysis, Group 4 presented superior results in relation to the other groups in both thirds. In the apical third, radiographic and microscopic analyzes showed significant differences in the comparisons between Group 4 and Groups 5 (p = 0.019) and 3 (p = 0.023) and between Group 5 and Groups 2 (p = 0.012), 3 (P = 0.038) and 4 (p = 0.019), respectively. Conclusion It was concluded that the ultrasonic activation of the NaOCl 1% + EDTA 17% irrigation solution provides greater penetration of the endodontic cement in lateral root canals.
RSBO
The ultrasonic agitation was introduced as an adjuvant to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement during endodontic treatment to overcome the persistence of biofilms. Objective: To verify the cleaning of root canals irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with or without an ultrasonic agitation, using different time periods and images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Material and methods: Forty mandibular incisors were cleaned, shaped and randomly divided into five groups according to the final irrigation protocol: SH10 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl for 10 s), SH30 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl for 30 s), SHE30 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl and EDTA for 10 s), SHE90 group (ultrasonic agitation with NaOCl and EDTA for 30 s), and control group (NaOCl and EDTA without ultrasonic agitation). The teeth were prepared and analyzed by SEM at ×2000. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used with a 5% level of s...
Background: Irrigation of the root canal system is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. The aim of this article is to introduce continuous apical negative-pressure ultrasonic irrigation (CANUI), a new irrigation concept, and compare the characteristics of this new technique with current devices for activating the irrigant. Material and Methods: CANUI is designed for cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system. The device consists of a tube inside another tube that allows the continuous ultrasonic exchange of fresh irrigant, as the irrigant is simultaneously aspirated apically. The coronal and apical tubes are 0.75 and 0.3 mm in diameter, respectively. It is composed of a nickel-titanium microcannula suitable for the working length of curved canals. Results: The CANUI technique has the advantages of apical negative pressure (to avoid apical extrusion of the irrigant) and continuous ultrasonic irrigation (continuous refreshment of the irrigant and forced introduction into the canal ramifications). Conclusions: The CANUI technique could improve the irrigation technique of dentists to reach more disinfection in endodontic treatments.