Water sorption and diffusion through saturated polyester and their nanocomposites synthesized from glycolyzed PET waste with varied composition (original) (raw)
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Swelling kinetics of linseed oil‐based polymers
Journal of Applied Polymer …, 2008
Kinetics of swelling and sorption behavior of copolymers (based on linseed oil, styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylic acid via cationic and thermal polymerization) is studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at different temperatures. The values of n in the transport equation are found to be below 0.4, showing non-Fickian or pseudo-Fickian transport in the polymers. The dependence of diffusion coefficient on the composition and temperature has also been studied for the linseed oilbased polymers. The diffusion coefficient in cationic samples decreases with an increase in the oil contents in the samples. In case of thermal samples, the diffusion coefficient first increases up to 30% oil contents and then decreases. The diffusion coefficient decreases with an increase in temperature for all of the linseed oil polymer samples. The sorption coefficient increases with an increase in the oil contents for all samples. The crosslink density (calculated from the THF swelling) ranges from 20.16 to 92.34 Â 10 6 mol/cm 3 for cationic samples and 20.62 to 86.01 Â 10 6 mol/cm 3 for thermal samples.
— Since Malaysia and the surrounding of the South East Asian countries has developed a large amount of oil palm EFB as a waste product after being processed as a fuel or other application, thus oil palm EFB fibre has displayed great potential as reinforcing material in polymer. The aim of this study to characterize the morphological and thermal effects of the seawater treated of oil palm empty fruit bunch single fibres and composites. The fibres of oil palm EFB has been treated using seawater from Pulau Tiga, at day-3 until day-30, the different filler loading of 1%, 3% and 5% of untreated and treated composites were prepared using casting method. The thermal properties of the composites of untreated and seawater treated were analysed using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Based on the thermal effect, Pulau Tiga composites have the good thermal stability due to the highest onset temperature. The morphological examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The morphological changes enhanced with the seawater treatment, however, at the filler loading of 5%, the composites easily cracked with more voids detected. In conclusion, seawater treatment significantly improved an extra enhancement in thermal stability and the morphological changes improved with the seawater treatment at 1% of the fibre loading. Keywords— Empty fruit bunch, sea water treatment and polyvinyl alcohol.
Atık Mısır Koçanı Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu
European Journal of Science and Technology
In this study, waste corncobs are ground and used in the polyester composite. Homogeneous distribution is provided by mixing it into unsaturated polyester (UP) as a filler under laboratory conditions. Then, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) catalysts are added to the mixture. After mixing the additives and fillers used in certain amounts for a short time, the polyester composites are poured into standard molds and waited for curing. The density, Shore D hardness, and thermal decomposition behavior of the composite obtained after curing have been investigated. As the amount of corncob in the mixture increases, the density of the polyester composite decreases. Besides, the rise in the ratio of this filler in the mixture also increases the porosity of the polyester composite. In the thermal conductivity measurements, it is seen that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyester composite increases, albeit slightly, according to the increasing amount...
Development of linseed oil based polyesteramide without organic solvent at lower temperature
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2007
Linseed oil based polyesteramide was synthesized at lower temperature in the absence of organic solvent through condensation polymerization reaction [Sf-LPEA]. In this reaction N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) linseed oil fatty amide and phthalic anhydride were heated at temperature lower than their onset of melting points and the by-product, such as water was removed by application of vacuum technique. This approach was employed to overcome the use of volatile organic solvents used during processing and application of resin, which are ecologically harmful. The solubility of Sf-LPEA was checked in different polar and nonpolar solvents. The FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral techniques were used to confirm the structure of Sf-LPEA. The physicochemical, physicomechanical, and chemical resistance properties of the resin were investigated by standard methods. DSC and TGA were used to determine, respectively, the curing behavior and thermal stability of the resin. The comparative study of these properties of Sf-LPEA with reported polyesteramide [LPEA], which are normally synthesized at higher temperature in organic solvent, was done. It was found that Sf-LPEA exhibited improved physicomechanical, chemical resistance properties, and higher thermal stability compared with LPEA, and hence can find application as corrosion protective coating. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1143–1148, 2007
Swelling kinetics of linseed oil‐based nanocomposites
Journal of Applied Polymer …, 2009
Kinetics of swelling and sorption behavior of copolymers (based on linseed oil, styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylic acid via cationic and thermal polymerization) is studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at different temperatures. The values of n in the transport equation are found to be below 0.4, showing non-Fickian or pseudo-Fickian transport in the polymers. The dependence of diffusion coefficient on the composition and temperature has also been studied for the linseed oilbased polymers. The diffusion coefficient in cationic samples decreases with an increase in the oil contents in the samples. In case of thermal samples, the diffusion coefficient first increases up to 30% oil contents and then decreases. The diffusion coefficient decreases with an increase in temperature for all of the linseed oil polymer samples. The sorption coefficient increases with an increase in the oil contents for all samples. The crosslink density (calculated from the THF swelling) ranges from 20.16 to 92.34 Â 10 6 mol/cm 3 for cationic samples and 20.62 to 86.01 Â 10 6 mol/cm 3 for thermal samples.
Diffusion and permeation of water through unsaturated polyester resins—influence of resin curing
European Polymer Journal, 2000
The diusion and permeation properties of liquid water through an isophthalic-maleic acid-propanediol-based copolyester resin were studied with a highly sensitive permeameter. The value of the parameters of the exponential dependence of the diusion coecient on the water concentration decreases with the curing extent, except that of the plasticization coecient, which decreases after a post-curing at 1208C. Infrared-spectrophotometric and calorimetric data show that the curing involves mainly a polymerization of styrene during the curing at 258C, and a crosslinking by the opening of the double bonds on the polyester chains in the subsequent curing step at 808C. The water sorption by the resin results in a 208C-decrease in the glass transition temperature of the water saturated resin, leading to the diusivity enhancement by the plasticization eect. #
Synthesis and characterization of linseed oil‐based nanocomposites
Polymer …, 2010
The nanocomposites from conjugated linseed oil, acrylic acid, and divinylbenzene are synthesized using modified montmorillonite clay and characterized for thermal properties. The wide angle X-ray diffraction results clearly show the distortion of the platy nanolayers of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix as the peak due to the clay disappears in the nanocomposite samples. The dynamic mechanical analysis results show the enhanced storage modulus and transition temperature compared with the pristine polymer. At the glass transition temperature, the storage modulus of nanocomposites is in the range of 17-79 MPa, whereas the pristine polymer shows a storage modulus of 2.1 MPa. The melting peak temperature ranges from 230 to 2608C, which is further confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results. The samples are stable up to 2008C and show a two-stage degradation. POLYM.
Journal of Materials Science, 2011
Acrylated epoxidized soybean and linseed oils of different characteristics were incorporated in the absence and presence of polymeric methylene diphenyl isocyanate (PMDI) in a vinyl ester (VE) resin-based bulk molding compound (BMC) up to 15 wt% (with respect to VE resin). The thermal, thermo-mechanical, static fracture mechanical, dynamic impact (Charpy), and thermal degradation properties of the BMC compounds were determined. With increasing amount of functionalized plant oils the glass transition temperature (T g) of the matrix, the stiffness (E modulus) and Charpy impact strength of the BMCs decreased. The static fracture toughness was slightly increased and the fracture energy remained unaffected by the modification with increasing amount of oil. Additional crosslinking of VE, induced by PMDI, markedly enhanced the T g but yielded a large drop in the glassy modulus. This finding was traced to resin dilution and to unfavored PMDI/kaolin interactions triggered by the water content of the latter. The thermal degradation of the BMCs was less affected, however, their degradation started earlier for the modifications either with functionalized plant oil or PMDI. Dilution of VE-based BMCs with acrylated epoxidized plant oils requires reworking of the corresponding recipes to keep the property degradation limited.
Molecules
Linseed oil-based composite films were prepared with cinnamaldehyde (Cin) using a modified clay (organoclay) through in situ polymerization, which is the result of the interaction between Cin and organoclay. The incorporation of organoclay reduces the polymer chain’s mobility and, therefore, increases the thermal stability of the composite films. In some experimental conditions, the clay is located both inside and on the surface of the film, thus, affecting the mechanical and thermal properties as well as the surface properties of the composite films. The incorporation of organoclay decreases the water contact angle of the composite film by more than 15%, whatever the amount of cinnamaldehyde. However, the incorporation of cinnamaldehyde has the opposite effect on film surface properties. Indeed, for the water vapor permeability (WVP), the effect of cinnamaldehyde on the film barrier properties is much higher in the presence of organoclay. The incorporation of hydrophobic compounds ...