A model for automatic integration of ice information into electronic navigational chart (original) (raw)
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Towards an Automatic Ice Navigation Support System in the Arctic Sea
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2016
Conventional ice navigation in the sea is manually operated by well-trained navigators, whose experiences are heavily relied upon to guarantee the ship's safety. Despite the increasingly available ice data and information, little has been done to develop an automatic ice navigation support system to better guide ships in the sea. In this study, using the vector-formatted ice data and navigation codes in northern regions, we calculate ice numeral and divide sea area into two parts: continuous navigable area and the counterpart numerous separate unnavigable area. We generate Voronoi Diagrams for the obstacle areas and build a road network-like graph for connections in the sea. Based on such a network, we design and develop a geographic information system (GIS) package to automatically compute the safest-and-shortest routes for different types of ships between origin and destination (OD) pairs. A visibility tool, Isovist, is also implemented to help automatically identify safe navigable areas in emergency situations. The developed GIS package is shared online as an open source project called NavSpace, available for validation and extension, e.g., indoor navigation service. This work would promote the development of ice navigation support system and potentially enhance the safety of ice navigation in the Arctic sea.
METEOROLOGICAL NAVIGATION AND ECDIS
In maritime traffic, a route is one or more known tracks along which navigation takes place or there is intention to sail. Meteorological factors are important if the route exceeds the distance of 1500M [1]. Meteorological navigation is the selection of a navigational route in view of meteorological factors and control of vessel during heavy weather conditions and safe navigation aimed at the protection of human lives, vessels and cargo during heavy weather. The paper proposes a model of grouping and evaluating estimates of meteorological factors when planning meteorological navigation. It is advised to upgrade the Electronic Chart Display and Information System – ECDIS program with the aim of allowing for the computer planning of meteorological navigation.
A system for route optimization in ice-covered waters
Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2009
Information about ice is indispensable to navigation in ice-covered sea areas. For vessels traveling long distances in ice, it is worth planning routes that will reduce fuel consumption and travel time, as well as the risk of ending up in hazardous areas or getting stuck in the ice. In addition to observations on board, there is a multitude of data sources available for seafarers like satellite images, ice model data, weather observations and forecasts. However, it is difficult for a human to take into consideration all the time-varying data parameters when planning a route. In this paper, a prototype system for optimizing routes through the ice field is presented. The system integrates state-of-the-art ice modeling, ship transit modeling, and an enduser system as a route optimization tool for vessels navigating in ice-covered waters. The system has recently been validated on board merchant vessels in the Baltic Sea, and the system's performance has been analyzed statistically using AIS data. Based on the AIS data analysis the mean relative error of the estimated transit time was 0.144 [s/s] with a standard deviation of 0.147 [s/s] for long routes (90-650 km), and 0.018 [s/s] with standard deviation of 0.193 [s/s] for 50 km route segments.
Polish Cartographical Review, 2016
The research on the ice cover of waterways, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans by satellite remote sensing methods began at the end of the twentieth century. There was a lot of data sources in diverse file formats. It has not yet carried out a comparative assessment of their usefulness. A synthetic indicator of the quality of data sources binding maps resolution, file publication, time delay and the functionality for the user was developed in the research process. It reflects well a usefulness of maps and allows to compare them. Qualitative differences of map content have relatively little impact on the overall assessment of the data sources. Resolution of map is generally acceptable. Actuality has the greatest impact on the map content quality for the current vessel’s voyage planning in ice. The highest quality of all studied sources have the regional maps in GIF format issued by the NWS / NOAA, general maps of the Arctic Ocean in NetCDF format issued by the OSI SAF and the general map...
Innovative Navigation Role of ECDIS in Decision Support System
2021
Navigational decision making in maritime transport becomes increasingly important nowadays with the increase of technological development, as it causes a direct increase in marine traffic, as well as having various types of ships with different specifications and different dynamic behavior. Thus, a reliable navigational decision support system is important to help officers in the process to achieving the best mode of navigation using a well-defined model structure according to the area of operation, maritime traffic, ships types, specifications and behavior. Despite the benefits obtained from ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) as a tool of navigational decision-making, there are several challenges that are still facing ECDIS as a decision support system for navigation. The research aims to develop a new decision support system for maritime navigation to determine the best modes of ECDIS through an optimum model structure, which is capable of achieving an adequate level of ECDIS performance through a model software. The study followed a quantitative approach through a questionnaire to collect data from officers. Results showed a significant impact of Collision Avoidance, Under Keel Clearance Weather and Navigation Warning on officers' situational awareness in case of ECDIS integrated bridge system, implying the fact that there is an urgent need to devices and programs providing the Collision Avoidance, Under Keel Clearance Weather and Navigation Warning. These devices could be defined as the AIS, ARPA and NAVTEX as well as the programs of Tide and Sailing Direction. This research provides an insight to the importance of the five sensors; AIS (Automatic Identification System), ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid), NAVTEX (navigation telex), Tide and Sailing Direction and shows that these sensors are not optional for the ECDIS system. Instead, they should be considered as the minimum requirements of IMO (International Maritime Organization) to ECDIS navigation system as they boost the situational awareness for the officers using the ECDIS.
Overview of Standards for Electronic Navigational Charts
2014
In the early 1980s, with the rapid development of geospatial technologies the development of Electronic Navigational Charts – ENC began. With a heavy emphasis on data security, because of its navigational purpose, the implementation of ENC was approached very cautiously. One of the key features of every product, which enables easier global use, is its standardization. The paper provides basic information related to the ENC and by studying all editions of publications for ENC, the reports of the Working groups of the International Hydrographic Organization – IHO and articles that followed the implementation process of ENC standards an overview of ENC standards is given, with the focus on two basic standards published in S-57 and S 52 publications. Also described is a new, currently under construction, standard for ENC (S-100) and the prediction of the future development guidelines with the concept of e- Navigation in mind.
Arctic navigation: stakes, benefits and limits of the polaris system
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
Ensuring safe navigation is paramount for the economic development of the Arctic. Aware of this strategic issue, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), supported by the Arctic coastal states, adopted the Polar Code with a set of navigation tools including the well-known Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS). Designed for assessing operational capabilities for ships operating in ice, POLARIS is useful for various stakeholders such as the International Association of Classification Society (IACS) organizations and underwriters. Other important beneficiaries are shipowners and their crew. Even though POLARIS deals with topical issues, so far, this system has not been subjected to extensive studies of its capabilities and limitations. The aim of this analysis in hand is to assess the stakes, benefits and limits of the POLARIS system for Arctic navigation with a managerial approach and through the lens of risk assessment. Results show that POLARIS integrates various parameters to assess risk of navigation in ice, and that POLARIS can provide relevant managerial solutions to shipowners. Nevertheless, certain limitations remain; in particular, human factors such as the lack of crew experience or the issue of non-compliance are not taken into consideration. Finally, it is important to highlight the fact that POLARIS is not a mandatory requirement.
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
In the complex processes of route planning, voyage monitoring, and post-voyage analysis, a key element is the capability of merging metocean forecast data with the available knowledge of ship responses in the encountered environmental conditions. In this context, a prototype system has been implemented capable of integrating metocean models forecasts with ship specific performance data and models. The work is based on the exploitation of an open source ECDIS-like system originally developed in the e-Navigation framework. The resulting prototype system allows the uploading and visualization of metocean data, the consequent computation of fuel consumption along each analyzed route, and the evaluation of the encountered meteo-marine conditions on each route way point. This allows us to “effectively and deeply dig inside” the various layers of available metocean forecast data regarding atmospheric and marine conditions and evaluating their effects on ship performance indicators. The sys...
Overreliance on ECDIS Technology: A Challenge for Safe Navigation
TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) became the central navigational tool on modern ships. The system comprises numerous navigational and other components, each of them with its limitations and reliability. Due to ECDIS's revolutionary features, navigators are tempted to place excessive reliance on the system. Such reliance on it as a sole navigational aid is undoubtedly a problematic issue. The proposed paper is a segment of a systematically carried out research among ECDIS stakeholders. ECDIS EHO (Experience, Handling, and Opinion) research aims through research activities based on a user-centred approach to develop and improve the educational framework. The overreliance on the ECDIS system motivated the proposed research, which focused on system users' opinions and practice regarding confirmation of the accuracy of information displayed on ECDIS, particularly concerning positional sensors. Analysis of answers collected by the ECDIS EHO questionnaire represents a backbone of the research supported by previous achievements. The answers have been categorized and discussed, revealing certain worrying aspects referring to the system's positional error experienced by users. Furthermore, preferred methods of cross-checking ECDIS information have been identified and have differed among respondents based on their rank on board. Additionally, answers indicate certain doubts between users' interpretation of the best confirmation method and the actual selection of the used method. The importance of cross-checking navigational data in avoiding overreliance and maintaining situational awareness has been presented in the conclusion chapter and the proposal for further work.