Anti-conjunctivitis effect of fresh juice of xGraptoveria (Crassulaceae) - a phytochemical and ethnobotanical study (original) (raw)
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An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases
Records of Natural Products
Macula lutea, is the center of the retina of the eye, contains high concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin which can act as a filter against short-wavelength (blue) light. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids detected in human lens which exhibit highly strong free radical scavenging activity. Many epidemiological studies, clinical trials, animal experiments have suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin have antiinflammatory potential with their high antioxidant properties. Several eye diseases including, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa are caused by ocular inflammation. Some studies have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin could be protective, curative and preventive against ocular inflammation induced diseases and other ocular disorders such as cataract, glaucoma and choroideremia. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are absorption of near-ultraviolet and blue light, reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis. Lutein and zeaxanthin can be taken from dietary supplements or a diet high in fruits, vegetables such as kale, spinach and turnip greens. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin and eye diseases.
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2023
Introduction: Medicine faces nowadays the trend of increasing life expectancy of human population, with the resulting increase of degenerative age related diseases prevalence, combined with the risks of less tempered sun radiations environment exposure. Under these circumstances, our work pointed out on evaluating the effect of some xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements, actually widely recommended, for prevention of retinal degenerative damages and for slowing down the progression of such age related changes if they have already occurred. These dietary supplements are already well known for their total antioxidant activity, proven by photochemiluminescence method using Total Antioxidant Capacity in Lipid soluble-substances procedure. Materials and methods: The study recruited a number of 120 subjects equally divided on genders. The lot included a first group of 60 patients with comparable ages (all of them over 50 years and divided in 2 segments of age: 50-60 and over 60) and suffering from comparable retinal age-related degenerative abnormalities (mild/ medium severity age-related macular degeneration according to Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System) , and a second group, considered control, including a similar number of healthy, normal retina subjects belonging to same age and gender categories. There were evaluated at baseline the eye medical status and the retinal risk by specific methods: complete eye checkup , Amsler grid, specific standardized questionnaires focused on visual function and its impact on the quality of current life. Both groups, patients and RECEIVED
Ethanobotanical studies have revealed that eye drops prepared from Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth have been used for treating eye diseases. It was decided to test for the efficacy of both the hydro alcoholic extract as well as indigenous eye drop formulations in three different concentrations on the bacterial smears of acute conjunctivitis. The extracts of the concentration of 250,500,1000 ppm were prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity. The indigenous formula using 200g of dry powdered plant drug powder for 400ml (0.5g/ml) of sesame oil did not show a significant anti microbial activity. So doses of 1g /ml and 1.5g/ml were prepared and evaluated. It was seen that the eye drops containing the second dose did show some activity but were not comparable to the standard .The eye drops of the next higher dose showed activity comparable to that of the standard drug .The extracts showed comparable activity at the concentration of 1000µg/ml. So, thereby authenticating the concept of use of eye drops of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth for eye diseases like acute bacterial conjunctivitis.
The use of medicinal plants in common ophthalmic disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis
This study aimed to assess and compile the available research articles about medicinal plants used for ocular diseases. Principal results: A total of 2949 articles were retrieved, 35 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and seven studies (4 observational and three experimental) with low to moderate quality were eligible and involved in the systematic review, with a total of 600 plants from 4 countries. Among the 600 plants, only 24 (4%) were used to assess the status. Both the fixed and random models of the studies showed that the included studies tended to predict the results for the observational studies (OR = 0.062, CI = 0.043-0.090 OR = 0.039, CI = 0.012-0.122) for different plants used for ocular diseases. High heterogeneity (estimated as I 2 = 87.078, Tau 2 = 1.161 and Q-value = 23.217 with a p-value of 0.000), while for experimental studies (I 2 = 94.928, Tau 2 = 23.211 and Q-value = 39.434 with a p-value of 0.000) and publication bias were reported. Conclusion: Few articles representing approximately 600 plants of low to moderate quality reported using medicinal plants for ocular diseases. The meta-analysis confirmed the systematic review findings regarding the plants' traditional use with high heterogeneity and publication bias. A considerable gap was proven in the use of medicinal plants in ocular diseases requiring intensive research. Impact statement Recently, increasing interest has been observed focused on discovering and evaluating therapeutic potential and identifying the main bioactive compounds and possible synergisms of medicinal plants [1]. Several plants have been found to have activity against a number of ophthalmological problems [1]. Certain bioactive constituents of plant sources, including curcumin, lutein, zeaxanthin, saffron, catechin, Ginkgo biloba extract and quercetin, were reported to have substantial therapeutic effects on common ocular diseases [2]. These bioactive components are
Phytochemical Review on Cataract
Human eye is one of the most sensitive organs of human body and is permanently exposed to different environmental agents. Common disease of human eye includes conjunctivitis, cataract, ocular allergies, glaucoma and inflammation, etc. Herbal drugs are the main stay for the treatment of ocular diseases in the recent past in view of the side effects of allopathic drugs. Main cause of blindness in the world is cataract among which 50% of cases are even in both developed and developing countries. Cataract is an ocular disorder which is very often treated by means of low cost and safe surgical procedure. This review helps in brief description of literature related different plant materials that helps in the treatment of cataract without surgery.
Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
The mangrove plants are the potential sources of foods and remedies for people living in the forests and nearby communities. Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig is traditionally used to treat various diseases including diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, fever, malaria, and viral infections, among others. To summarize critically the taxonomy, ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of X. granatum, information was collected from different databases. An up-to-date search (till June 2020) was carried out with the help of various scientific web resources from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and various patent offices (e.g., WIPO, CIPO, and USPTO) using the keywords “Xylocarpus granatum” and then paired with ethnomedicinal use and phytochemical, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies). Findings revealed that seeds, fruits, stem bark, leaf, and twigs of X. granatum exhibited a wide range of key phytochemica...
Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences
Introduction: Allergic conjunctivitis is a mild, nonspecific inflammation of the conjunctiva due to allergy with symptoms of conjunctival congestion, mild papillary response, and intense itching without any known specific condition for pathology to develop or with undetermined etiology that is mostly and easily attributed to allergy. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mahatriphaladya Ghrita and Triphala Kwath (Aschyotana) in patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis. Materials and methods: A prospective, open label multicenter study was carried out at two peripheral centers of the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). Totally, 54 patients satisfying the selection criteria were enrolled from the outpatient department (OPD) of these centers and were administered Mahatriphaladya Ghrita (15 mL) twice daily on an empty stomach in the morning and 3 hours before meals in the evening with lukewarm water for 12 weeks and Triphala Kvatha (10 drops) Aschyotana twice daily for 12 weeks. All the participants were subjected to complete physical and ophthalmic examination along with blood investigations. Follow-up was done finally after 2 weeks without medication. Laboratory parameters, viz., absolute eosinophil count (AEC), liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profile, total leukocyte count (TLC) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment period of 12 weeks (i.e., 84th day). Paired sample t-test was used to compare mean change from baseline to the 84th day on the outcome variables assessed by visual analog scale (VAS, 0-100 mm) and on the laboratory examination. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: At the end of 12 weeks, compared with baseline, statistically significant improvement was observed in symptoms, viz., redness, anxiety, lacrimation, photophobia, burning, and
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 2019
Dry eye disease is a relatively common eye disorder associated with decrease in quality of life. In this study, efficacy of an eye drop of Plantago ovata mucilage on symptoms of dry eye disease was evaluated. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, sixty dry eye patients with ocular symptoms and total Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score of ≥12 were randomly assigned to receive either a natural ophthalmic drop, made of Plantago ovata mucilage or placebo 4 times a day for 6 weeks. The patients were evaluated at pretreatment (baseline), weeks 4 and 6 post-treatment. The evaluation of the efficacy and safety were conducted based on the OSDI questionnaire, the noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT) with keratograph, the Schirmer test without anesthesia, and the osmolarity test, as well as by monitoring possible adverse events. After 6 weeks, within group analysis showed a significant improvement in total OSDI score (p < 0.001). In addition, betwee...
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2021
Xylopia aethiopica and Crinum jagus are medicinal plants which had been used traditionally for various ailments such as cough, amenorrhea, stomach ache and urinary ailments. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extracts of fruits of X. aethiopica with ethanolic extracts of bulb of C. jagus. Agar well diffusion method was used against the following organisms: K. pneumonia, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Both plant extracts demonstrated concentration dependent activities against all the bacteria tested. Fruits of X. aethiopica was observed to be more active against S. aureus while bulb of C. jagus showed greater activities against E. coli, K. pneumonia and Ps. aeruginosa. The two plant extracts showed almost the same level of activity against B. subtilis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tanins and cardiac glycosides in X. aethiopica which were absent in C. jagus. In conclusion X. aethiopica showed gre...
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Xylopia aethiopica, African guinea pepper, is an angiosperm belonging to the family Annonecae, and used mainly as spice and in traditional medicine. The ocular dynamics of bolus consumption of 300 mg total dose was undertaken on visually active volunteers with a view to finding its ocular effects or complications. Results showed that the aqueous extract of X. aethiopica was neither a miotic nor a mydriatic, but lowered the intraocular pressure (17.48%), reduced the near point of convergence (31.1%) and increased the amplitude of accommodation (8.98%) which are positively correlated (r=0.95). On the other hand, the systemic extract had no effect on the visual acuity at far and near as well as the phoria status at the appropriate distances. The convergence excess resulted in esophoria and the increased amplitude of accommodation placed greater demand on accommodation mechanism without any discomfort. The nonspecific mechanism of action makes it a safer spice which can be exploited in ...