Comparative study of antibacterial activities of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich and bulb of Crinum jagus (Thompson) dandy (original) (raw)
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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2012
The in- vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica , four conventional antibiotics: gentamycin, ampicillin erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and the combination of each extract with the conventional antibiotics were investigated using the agar diffusion method. Clinically isolated strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis and Shigella dysenteriae were used for the assay. The preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica showed the presence of cardiac glycosides flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, phenol, anthraquinones, saponin and steroids. The ethanol extract was active against P. aeruginosa , B. subtilis , S. aureus , but showed no activity against K. pneumoniae and E. coli while the aqueous extract was only active against S.aureus. The test organisms showed susceptibility to the a...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Aim: The fruit of the plant Xylopia aethiopica has been used in ethno-medicine in southern Nigeria for treating dysentery, cough and bacterial infections. This present study investigates the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the different extracts of X aethiopica fruit. Method: The powdered dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica was extracted with 95% ethanol and further fractionated into n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were obtained from their stock cultures and characterized using biochemical tests and then standardized with 0.5 McFarland. The antimicrobial activities of the different extracts were investigated using agar diffusion method. Results: The n-hexane extract was most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25, 50 and 50 mg/ml respectively while the ethyl acetate extract was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with MIC of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The crude ethanol extract showed most activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC of 3.125 mg/ml. The phytochemical studies on the crude extract revealed the presence of triterpenoids /steroids, carbohydrates, cardenolides and saponins. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activities of the plant justify its usage in traditional healthcare practices especially in infections involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa which showed the highest sensitivity.
The use of plants to prevent and cure diseases traditionally has been a common practice all over the world even with no scientific evidence of why they have been used. Xylopia aethiopica is one of such plant known to be a medicinal plant of great repute in West Africa in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark and root extracts of Xylopia aethiopica were investigated. Results obtained showed the presence of some phytochemical compounds known to be biologically active and therefore aid the antimicrobial potency of the plant material. The antimicrobial inhibition of the crude extracts of these plant parts compare quite well with the commercial antibiotic drugs used as standard reference. The results suggest that the pure form of the bioactive compound (s) responsible for this activity may prove to be a better antimicrobial drug.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark extracts
2022
The preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica was evaluated. The n-hexane extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids, while the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, and phenolics was indicated in ethyl acetate extract, and the methanol extract contained tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids. The medicinal property of the extracts was investigated using in-vitro antimicrobial assays. The hexane extract indicates potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC of 100mg/ml and ZI of 20 mm. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had inhibitory activities against Candida albican with MIC of 100mg/ml while the standard antibiotics have no inhibitory activities against Candida albican 2 suggesting that these extracts contain certain phytochemical that are active against Candida albican. Saponins which are constituents of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the phytochemical screening are known to be antifungal, especially against Candida albican. This suggests that the presence of saponins in both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts may be responsible for the inhibitory activities against Candida albican.
Phenolic content and antimicrobial potentials of Xylopia aethiopica and Myristica argentea
Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2009
The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolics in the aqueous extract of two spices, Xylopia aethiopica and Myristica argentea. A modified agar streak dilution method was used to assess the susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the aqueous extracts of the spices. The results showed that high levels of phenolics were present in the extracts. The extracts also showed high-modest antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica
African Journal of …, 2008
Xylopia aethiopica is a medicinal plant of great repute in West Africa which produces a variety of complex chemical compounds. The fresh and dried fruits, leaf, stem bark and root bark essential oils showed various degrees of activity against the Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, the Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans, using the cup plate method,. However, none of the oils showed activity against Escherichia coli.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Xylocarpusgranatum J.Koenig leaves
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 2022
is a traditional Indonesian plant known as "Nyireh". The antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction extract of Nyireh's leaves was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538), Gramnegative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027), and fungus (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity using Kirby-Bauer Disc Susceptibility Test. Both extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (15.2 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.7 mm), and both fractions did not have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The findings of the study may be helpful to future investigators in identifying alternative and new bioactive secondary metabolites like antibiotics to treat resistant human pathogens.
International journal of current Microbiology and applied sciences , 2022
The study included the isolation, cultural characteristics, molecular identification of bacterial isolated from land snail Achatina achatina and the enhanced antibacterial potential of Xylopia aetiopica extracts in consortium with alum on some bacteria isolated from Achatina achatina (land snail). Isolates associated with the intestine of the snails were isolated using standard microbiological methods and subjected to standard microbiological procedures such as, culturing isolation, identification; the cultural characteristics of all isolated bacterial strains were elucidated on International Streptomyces Project media (ISP2-ISP-7). 16S rRNA marker gene was used for molecular identification using 27F and 1492R universal primers and sensitivity testing using alum and plant extracts (Agar well Diffusion method). Tube dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using double-fold serial dilutions at concentrations 62.5mg/ml to 400 mg/ml. The bacterial isolates identified were; Escherichia coliMW46885, Bacillus cereus AP007209, S. aureus CP051191 and Salmonella typhimurium AE006468. The result of phytochemical component present in X. aethiopica were; Tannin Alkaloid, Flavonoid, and Saponin with values, 2.22±0.08, 5.55±0.78, 6.55±0.21, and 10.55±0.07mg/kg respectively. Results of the inhibitory activity of the extracts and alum were dose-dependent. Methanolic extract of X. aethiopica were more active on E. coli24.50±0.71 at 250mg/ml, Aqueous extract of X. aethiopica were more active on E. coli and Salmonella typhi (21.0±0.00mm), at 250mg/ml and Staphylococcus aureus (20.0±0.00mm) at 125mg/ml and 62.5mg/ml concentrations respectively. Alum were more active on Staphylococcus aureus (25.0±0.00mm) at 250mg/ml concentrations. The result of the combination methanol extract of X. aethiopica and alum showed it more effect on Bacillus cereus (22.0±0.00) at 250mg/ml concentrations. The combination effect of aqueous extract of X. aethiopica and alum revealed the inhibitory effect were more on Bacillus cereus (21.0±0.00) at 250mg/ml concentrations while it was more active on Staphylococcus aureus (15.5±0.71mm) at 62.5mg/ml conc. The result of the combination treatments of methanolic, aqueous extracts of X. aethiopica, and alum showed that the inhibitory effect was more on E, coli and Staphylococcus aureus (18.0±0.00) at 250mg/ml conc., E. coli and Salmonella typhi (15.0±0.00) at 125mg/ml conc. and Salmonella typhi (14.0±0.00mm) at 62.5mg/ml conc. and ciprofloxacin which serves as control has higher inhibition potentials. Xylopia aetiopica has been reported to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antibacterial properties. Tube dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using double-fold serial dilutions at concentrations 62.5mg/ml to 400 mg/ml. statistically, there was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the antibacterial activity of the alum, methanol, and aqueous extracts of X. aethiopica. The minimum inhibitory concentrations at which the extracts were effective against the bacterial isolates was at the 400mg/ml to 300mg/ml concentrations. The MICs values of the extracts and their combinations revealed significantly the inhibitory activities. The study has revealed some level of antibacterial activity and antibacterial activity of the extracts on these bacterial isolates is promising as the extracts could be used as a cheap antibacterial for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts of Xylopia aethiopica Fruits
This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica dried fruits. Acetone and aqueous extracts of X. aethiopica fruits were investigated for their free radical scavenging activities in the presence of 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid as positive control. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant extracts was carried out using standard methods. In the phytochemical screening, results showed that both extracts recorded the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids. The acetone and aqueous extracts of X. aethiopica fruits exhibited antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay, with the aqueous extract showing better activity. The antioxidant activity of the two extracts was however, lower than that recorded by the positive control-ascorbic acid. The results however suggest that X. aethiopica have potential antioxidant properties which could be exploited in medicine and food industry.