Parental age as a risk factor for non-syndromic oral clefts: A meta-analysis (original) (raw)

Parental age in relation to the severity of cleft lip and/or palate

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 2018

Cleft lip and/or palate is considered the most frequent congenital facial anomaly with variations in the incidence among different ethnic groups. 1-5 Several previous studies have investigated the association between parental age and the risk of having a child with a nonsyndromic cleft, 6-9 and there seems to be an association between increased parental age and the risk of having a child with an oral cleft. Although large population studies have compared the parental age of individuals with clefts vs the general population, 7,8 information on parental age related to the severity of the cleft (complete vs incomplete) in the offspring has been unavailable. This study included a smaller but consecutive population sample for which this information is available. In addition, the study investigates whether an association between parental age and the risk of having a child with a cleft depends on an increased age of only one or both parents. It is hypothesized that: (a) there is no influence of parental age on the severity of the cleft, (b) parental age has no influence on the relative incidence of left-and right-sided clefts.

Parent??s Age and the Risk of Oral Clefts

Epidemiology, 2005

Background-Some malformations are clearly associated with older maternal age, but the effect of older age of the father is less certain. The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which maternal age and paternal age independently influence the risk of having a child with oral clefts.

Maternal age and oral clefts: A reappraisal

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2002

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that increased maternal age is associated with a higher risk of having a child with oral clefts. Study design. A meta-analysis of 8 population-based studies with information regarding live birth and oral clefts was performed. Results. No association between increased maternal age and isolated oral clefts was found. Conclusion. Oral clefts occurrence is not correlated with increasing maternal age, and inclusion of data mixing isolated and syndromic cases can confound the analysis and must be avoided.

Parental age is related to the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in Brazilian populations

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 2017

Aim: To evaluate the association of environmental risk factors, particularly paternal and maternal age, with gender and type of oral cleft in newborn with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). Methods: This study included 1,346 children with NSCL/P of two Brazilian Services for treatment of craniofacial deformities. Parental ages were classified into the following groups: maternal age <35, 36-39, and ≥40 years; paternal age <39 and ≥40 years. The data was analyzed with chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios were estimated with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the 1,346 children included in this study, CLP was the type of NSCL/P with highest prevalence, followed by, respectively, CL and CP. There was a greater occurrence of NSCL/P in males compared to females (55.8% versus 44.2%). CLP was more common in men, while the CL and CP were more prevalent in women (p=0.000). No association between maternal age and clefts was observed (p=0.747). However, there was evidence of association between father's aged ≥40 years old and NSCL/P (p=0.031). When patients with CP were analyzed separately, no association between the father's age and the child's gender (p=0.728) was observed, i.e. the female gender prevails among patients with CP, regardless of the father's age. Conclusions: This study showed that there were differences in the distribution of the non-syndromic cleft lip and/ or palate and the gender, and fathers aged ≥40 years old may have increased risk of oral cleft. Further studies involving different populations are needed for a better understanding of the effect of maternal and paternal ages as a risk factor for the occurrence of oral clefts.

Relationship Between Parental Age and Severity of Orofacial Clefts

bioRxiv, 2021

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the relationship between paternal age, maternal age, and both on the severity of orofacial clefts. DESIGN This was a retrospective study of cases which were subjects clinically diagnosed with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Data was obtained from the AFRICRAN project database on Nigerian non-syndromic orofacial cleft cases. SETTING The samples for cases in this study were obtained at the Cleft clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. OUTCOME Primary outcome measure is severity of orofacial clefts and secondary outcome measure is to evaluate the effect of parental age in determining the incidence of left or right sided orofacial clefts. RESULTS There is no statistical significant association between type of CL ± P and parental age in young fathers (p=0.93). When old fathers are considered, percentage of complete (more severe) CL ± P cases increases especially in old mothers and t...

Parental Age and the Risk of Cleft Lip and Palate in a Nigerian Population - A Case–Control Study

Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital malformations in the facial region. Older maternal or paternal age presents higher odds of a child with an orofacial cleft. The objective of the study was to assess the association between parental age and risk of orofacial cleft. Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study among 110 parents of children with orofacial cleft (case group) and 110 parents of children without orofacial cleft (control group). Information on maternal age, paternal age, and type of orofacial cleft in the children were obtained. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, and bivariate logistic regressions to measure the association between parental age and orofacial cleft. The value of P was <0.05, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Information on 219 children (109 cases and 110 controls) was analyzed, of which 52% were females. One respondent from the case group withdrew from the st...

Incidence of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate - An Institutional Based Retrospective Study

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Cleft lip or the palate is the congenital birth defect with which is characterised by complete or partial cleft lip or palate. The congenital cleft involving the facial structures may vary from trace of notching of the lip to a complete non fusion of lip and the palate. This study was done to determine the incidence of cleft lip and palate. It is a single centered retrospective study. Data was collected from the patient record system used in a private dental institution and following parameters such as gender, type of cleft lip and palate, unilateral or bilateral was recorded. 86000 patient details were analysed between June 2019 to March 2020 out of which 74 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The data was statistically analysed using SPSS software. In this study, it was observed that cleft lip was most commonly seen in males and cleft palate in females. Unilateral cleft lip is common in both males and females. Incomplete cleft pa...

Family history and risk factors for cleft lip and palate patients and their associated anomalies

Stomatologija, 2017

Several environmental and genetic issues have been suspected as risk factors for oral clefts; and many studies have been conducted in this regard; however, large socioeconomic impacts of cleft lip and or palate (CL/P) justifies the need for further multifactorial researches. Current study aimed to assess parental risk factors for CL/P and its associated malformations. Hospital records of 187 consecutive syndromic and non-syndromic children with cleft lip and or palate (103 boys and 84 girls) with a mean age of 1.7 (SD 2.2) years and 190 consecutive non-cleft children (103 boys and 87 girls) with a mean age of 2.8 (SD 2.2) years formed this study. Parental risk factors and abnormalities and physical problems and anomalies were evaluated in all subjects. Family history of clefts (OR 7.4; 95% CI), folic acid consumption (OR 7.3; 95% CI) and consanguineous marriage (OR 3.2; 95% CI) were quite strongly associated with increased risk of CL/P. In addition, all congenital abnormalities and ...

Influence of Parental Exposure to Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Oral Clefts

Journal of Dentistry, 2020

Statement of the Problem: Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate are the most frequent craniofacial abnormalities in humans. The genetic, environmental and behavioral factors involved in this malformation must be clarified in different parts of the globe in the view of implementing preventive measures. Purpose: To analyze the influence of parental exposure to risk factors on the occurrence of oral clefts. Materials and Method: A case-control study was conducted with 150 mothers of oral cleft children paired by the children’s gender to 300 mothers of children without congenital anomalies from Mato Grosso, Brazil, for the study of the variables: gender and race/color of the children; parental educational level; age; number of pregnancies; prenatal care; obesity; stress; diabetes; hypertension; use of medications, alcohol and illicit drugs; smoking and exposure to ionizing radiation during the first trimester of pregnancy. The results were analyzed in relation to the chances possibility of...

Maternal factors and disparities associated with oral clefts

Ethnicity & disease, 2010

The epidemiology of oral clefts continually unfolds. Researchers have not reached consensus concerning the significance of maternal smoking, weight gain, diabetes, age, and education and the risk of oral clefts. The purpose of this study was to examine these factors associated with oral clefts in the US population. The 2005 U.S. Natality Data File was utilized for this study. Bivariate analyses compared the characteristics of mothers of infants with and without oral clefts. Multivarlate analysis calculated adjusted odds ratios for various maternal characteristics overall and for each race/ethnic group. Significant bivariate associations with oral clefts were found for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, tobacco use, and pregnancy-associated hypertension. Multivariate models found maternal age (OR = 0.98), race/ethnicity (OR = 0.36) for non-Hispanic Blacks (OR = 0.79 for Hispanics), and tobacco use (OR = 1.66) significant after adjustment for covariates. Across all race/ethnic g...