Air Pollution and Respiratory Deaths in Kerman, Iran (from 2006 till 2010) (original) (raw)
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Death from Respiratory Diseases and Air Pollutants in Shiraz, Iran (2006-2012)
Air pollution has been associated with modern life. The respiratory system is the first point of contact with air pollutants. This research was carried out about the relationship between air pollution and respiratory deaths in Shiraz, Iran. In this ecological study the number of respiratory deaths sorted by gender and age and air pollutants including NO, CO, NO 2 , NO X , PM 10 , SO 2 , O 3 , CH 4 , THC, and NMHC were inquired from 2006 to 2011. The relationship between respiratory mortality and air pollutants were studied simultaneously and with one month delay by negative binomial regression with adjustment for confounding variables and correlation coefficients. The analysis was done through MINITAB16 and STATA11. During this time 2598 respiratory deaths occurred in Shiraz. Respiratory mortality in total, male, female, and individuals aged between 18 to 60 years was positively related to CO and for individuals over 60 were related to ozone. NO and NO X showed positive correlations in females and people under 18. NO 2 had a positive correlation with 18 to 60 year old respiratory deaths in the next month. The results show that air pollution is possibly contributing to respiratory mortality in Shiraz. This evidence reinforces policies for reducing air pollution.
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2017
Health impact assessments are useful for governmental authorities and decision-makers to determine the need for action and address potential public health problems arising from exposure to air pollution. The present study was conducted to assess the short-term health impacts of ambient air pollution in Tehran using the AirQ 2.2.3 model for March 2013-March 2016. Hourly concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , O 3 , NO 2 and SO 2 were acquired from the Department of Environment (DOE) and Tehran Air Quality Control Company (TAQCC). Air pollution data was validated according to the USEPA criteria, and only valid monitoring stations for each of the three years were entered to the AirQ 2.2.3 model. The pollutant concentrations were lower in the March 2015-March 2016 period compared to the previous years. The three-year average (± standard deviation) of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were 80.21 (± 34.21) and 39.17 (± 17.26) µg m-3 , respectively. The three-year averages (± standard deviation) for ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and sulphur dioxide (SO 2) were 54.88 (± 24.15), 103.97 (± 25.88) and 39.84 (± 11.17) µg m-3 , respectively. The total estimated number of deaths attributed to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , O 3 , NO 2 and SO 2 over these three years were 4192, 4336, 1363, 2830, and 1216, respectively. The health impacts attributed to all pollutants except for PM 10 were estimated to decrease in 2016, compared to the prior years. However, the air quality in Tehran still poses significant risks to public health. In conclusion, urgent efforts are needed such as mandating the replacing of old and poorly functioning vehicles from the roadways in order to reduce the health burden that air pollution is currently imposing on this city.
Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory mortality in Ahvaz, Iran
Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2018
Urban air pollutants may affect respiratory mortality. This study was conducted to investigate this effect in Ahvaz, one of the most polluted cities in the world. The impact of 7 major air pollutants including O3, PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 were evaluated on respiratory mortality in different gender and age groups using a quasi-Poisson, second degree polynomial constrained, distributed lag model, with single and cumulative lag structures adjusted by trend, seasonality, temperature, relative humidity, weekdays, and holiday. Data were analyzed using the dlnm package in R x64 3.2.5 software. Significance level was set at less than 0.05. In adjusted models, for each IQR increase of O3 in the total population, the risk ratio (RR) for respiratory deaths in 0 to 14- day lags was, respectively, 1.009 (95% CI:1.001-1.016) and 1.009 (95% CI:1.002-1.017), and it was 1.021 (95% CI: 1.002-1.040) in cumulative 0 to 14- day lags. For PM10, in the total population and in adjusted models after 0 to 14- ...
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2019
Background: Ambient air pollution, is one of the most frequently stated environmental problems. Many epidemiological studies have documented adverse health effects for ambient air pollution. This study aimed to investigate the association between ambient air pollution and respiratory hospital admissions. Methods: In this ecological time series study data about air pollutant concentrations including CO, NO 2 , O 3 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 and SO 2 and, respiratory hospital admissions in the urban population of Arak, from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2015; were inquired, from the Arak Department of Environment, and two major hospitals, respectively. Meteorological data were inquired for the same period as well. Time-series regression analysis with a distributed lag model, controlled for seasonality long-time trends, weather and day of the week, was used for data analysis. Results: Every 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 , and PM 10 and every 1 mg/m 3 increase in CO at lag 0 corresponded to a RR = 1.032 (95%CI, 1.003-1.06), RR = 1.01 (95%CI, 1.004-1.017) and RR = 1.09 (95%CI, 1.04-1.14), increase in respiratory disease hospitalizations, respectively. Males and the elderly were found to be more susceptible than females and other age groups to air pollutants in regard to respiratory disease admissions. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that outdoor air pollutants significantly increase respiratory hospital admissions; especially among the men and elders in Arak.
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality in Kerman from 2006 to 2011
Air pollution is one of the problems in major world cities that endanger the health of the inhabitants of these cities. Air pollution may cause increased death from cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out in Kerman, Iran. Data about cardiovascular mortality was inquired from the Kerman city Health Authority and air pollution data was inquired from the Kerman Environmental Protection Agency from 2006 to 2011. The concentration of seven pollutants SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , CO, PM 10 , NO X NO, is measured daily in Kerman. The relation between mortality from cardiovascular diseases and air pollution was analyzed by using correlation and negative binomial regression. Statistical analysis showed that the only significant correlation observed was between ozone and female cardiovascular mortality (r = 0.31). With increase in ozone, the number of female cardiovascular deaths increased as well. But in both crude and adjusted negative binomial regression increase in pollutants was not associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular deaths. There was not a significant relation between air pollution and cardiovascular death in Kerman. More studies in cities with higher levels of pollutants are needed to assess the effects of pollutants on cardiovascular mortality.
Chemosphere, 2020
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Air Pollution and Mortality in the Elderly in Kerman, Iran
Health Scope, 2021
Background: Today, air pollution is a major issue in the world, particularly in metropolitan areas. Objectives: Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relation between air pollution and mortality in the elderly in Kerman City. Methods: This ecological study was conducted using 2006-2013 mortality data inquired from the Deputy of Health of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The data on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, as well as death due to trauma, diabetes, and other diseases that happened in men and women aged 60 and higher were extracted. Air pollution data (CO, SO2, O3, NO, NO2, NOx, and PM10) for the same time frame were inquired from the Environmental Protection Agency of Kerman Province. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the relation between air pollutants and mortality using STATA13 software. Results: During the study period, a total of 14,793 deaths occurred in elderly men and women in Kerman City. Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death. The results of multivariate analysis of air pollutants indicated that NO was directly and significantly related to the total number of deaths in the elderly, and increase in sulfur dioxide, ozone and NO was significantly related to increased mortality among elderly women. Carbon monoxide was significantly related to cardiovascular death of the elderly. But air pollutants did not show any significant effect on respiratory-, trauma-, and diabetes-related deaths. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there is a significant relation between air pollution and mortality in the elderly. Accordingly, a warning system is suggested to reduce the elderly's commuting on highly air polluted days.
Health impact assessment of air pollution in Shiraz, Iran: a two-part study
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2013
We aimed to assess health-impacts of short-term exposure to the air pollutants including PM10, SO2, and NO2 in Shiraz, Iran in a two-part study from 2008 to 2010. In part I, local relative risks (RRs) and baseline incidences (BIs) were calculate using generalized additive models. In part II, we estimated the number of excess hospitalizations (NEHs) due to cardiovascular diseases (CDs), respiratory diseases (RDs), respiratory diseases in elderly group (RDsE—people older than 65 years old), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs) as a result of exposure to air pollutants using AirQ model, which is proposed approach for air pollution health impact assessment by World Health Organization. In part I, exposure to increase in daily mean concentration of PM10 was associated with hospitalizations due to RDs with a RR of 1.0049 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0004 to 1.0110]. In addition, exposure to increase in daily mean concentration of SO2 and NO2 were associated with hospital...
Iranian journal of health, safety and environment, 2017
Air pollution in Tehran is considered as one of the most important factors threatening human health. High concentrations of pollutants have adverse effects on citizens and the environment. We calculated the relation between COPD and criteria air pollutants in Tehran, one of the most polluted cities in the world during 2005 to 2014. Hourly data of pollutants include SO2, O3 and NO2 were taken from the Tehran environmental protection agency and Air Quality Control Company. The AirQ2,2,3 model that proposed by the WHO, is used to health impact assessment of pollutants in terms of hospital admission due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Results indicated that the total cumulative number of cases due to hospital admission due to COPD in Tehran city from 2005 to 2014 for SO2, O3 and NO2 was 1806, 2941 and 2454 cases, respectively. The finding of this study showed that total mean of SO2, O3 and NO2 was higher than the standard concentration. By comparison with guideline and standar...
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences the Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2013
Background: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) scientists shows that long-term exposure to air pollutants increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of ozone, fine particles, and other airborne toxicants. Air pollution factors are considered as one of the underlying causes of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to determine the association of respiratory diseases documented in medical records and air pollution (Map distribution) of accumulation in Isfahan province, Iran. By plotting the prevalence and spatial distribution maps, important differences from different points can be observed. Materials and Methods: The geographic information system (GIS), pollutant standards index (PSI) measurements, and remote Sensing (RS) technology were used after entering data in the mapping information table; spatial distribution was mapped and distribution of Geographical Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases in Isfahan province (Iran) was determined in this case study from 2005 to 2009. Results: Space with tracing the distribution of respiratory diseases was scattered based on the distribution of air pollution in the points is an important part of this type of diseases in Isfahan province where air pollution was more abundant. Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasis on the importance of preventing the exposure to air pollution, and to control air pollution product industries, to improve work environmental health, and to increase the health professionals and public knowledge in this regard.